A Short History of the Art of Distillation: From the Beginnings Up to the Death of Cellier Blumenthal

acid ADAM AL-Râzî alchemists alchemy alcohol alembic alumn Amsterdam anbîq apothecary aqua ardens aqua vitae Arabian Arabic ARNALD OF VILLANOVA Art of distillation base material became BÉRARD boiling Book of Distillation born brandy BRUNSCHWYGK called CELLIER CHAPTAL chemical chemistry chemists column condenser contains cooler cooling copper corn cucurbit DEROSNE describes designed discussed distilled water distilleries distilling apparatus distilling trade dry distillation DUBRUNFAUT Dutch early earthenware edition eighteenth century essential oils evaporation fermentation fire fractions France French patent furnace GEBER German GESNER gives glass heat herbs Holland hydrometer important industry invention laboratory later LIBAVIUS liqueurs liquid live steam LONICER manufacture manuscripts mashes medicine mentions Montpellier Moor's head nitric acid obtained PARACELSUS Paris period physician Pistorius pre-heater preparation production RAYMOND LULL recipes rectifying retort rose-water SAVALLE Schiedam scientists sixteenth century steam still-head stills sublimation substances sulphur theory translated tube VAN T WOUT vapours vessel vitriol water-bath