Every bed has been filled from the first. A public health nurse supervises quarantined families in Tarrytown and North Tarrytown.

Islip

Through the generosity of Mr. Howard Havermeyer and other citizens of Islip, a hospital of 30 beds for the care of persons ill with poliomyelitis has been opened. Five thousand dollars were pledged at the initial meeting. The township of Islip will probably assume the cost of maintenance of the hospital

Southampton

Fifteen hundred dollars have been subscribed by the people of Southhampton to equip and run an isolation hospital. Three tent hospitals have been established and public support is assured for local care of patients.

Riverhead

The town board of health of Riverhead having authorized the health officer to equip and run a hospital for the care of individuals suffering with infantile paralysis and having appropriated $1,500 for the cause they were able to open a hospital on August 21.

Huntington

The town of Huntington in cooperation with private citizens has established a local hospital.

Smithtown

Public and private funds in the township of Smithtown have provided hospital treatment for all local cases.

Brookhaven

Private funds in Brookhaven have equipped a small local hospital for public use.

With 1,528 cases of poliomyelitis reported in the State, outside of New York City, on the 22d of August there were practically 600 available hospital beds and others are rapidly being provided. With the exception of Yonkers every hospital has been created since the presence of the epidemic was recognized. No community has established a detention camp for the supervision of exposed children and other persons during the two weeks of enforced isolation. The per capita cost of maintenance in such a camp would be less than the cost of maintenance in the home

when the local overseer of the poor or commissioner of charity must provide for the family during the quarantine. When the cost of guards to insure observation of quarantine is added, both economic and humane considerations indicate the wisdom of conducting a detention camp where the children may have the freedom of out-of-doors. Much suffering has occurred among children in tenement houses in our small cities because of their crowded and often insanitary home conditions. Adults have watched their chance and slipped past the guards for a little more freedom. These camps can readily be established in conjunction with the hospital where there are a few extra acres of ground with shade trees. Cooperation between volunteer civic associations and boards of health would succeed in almost immediately providing such camps when needed.

EXAMPLE OF COST OF CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT The little hospital at Larchmont presents an excellent example of efficiency at small cost of construction. The building is 20' x 50', is built of cedar, has abundance of window space all well-screened, and is situated in an open space surrounded by trees. Partitions 10 feet high divide the space into five rooms. At one end of the building is a ward 16' x 20'. The other end 20' x 20' is divided into 2 rooms, one of which is a store room. The other is available for any desirable use.

The central portion of the building is the service room, in two parts. One is used for cooking, one for laundry work. Water was brought in pipes from a distance. Electric lighting was brought about one thousand feet. A cesspool was dug for liquid waste and an incinerator constructed for burning solid waste from the hospital. With this building as a nucleus for the reception of 10 or 12 patients, piazza and wings can be added to increase the capacity indefinitely. Tents 7' x 9' costing $15.00 each with floors costing about $5.00 per tent provide sleeping space for nurses and other attendants. It is estimated that the building cost $700 and the equipment $300.

The Hudson hospital, which is somewhat larger, and which provides for a greater number of patients, cost, when complete, approximately $1,500. At Hudson a separate kitchen building 10' x 10' and a toilet building were installed. A septic tank was constructed. Three toilets and 2 sinks were installed. The cost of plumbing and the tank with tiling was $277.

Both of these buildings are of a type readily utilized for a contagious disease hospital for the community when no longer needed for the present epidemic. They offer good equipment for the least price obtainable. For a permanent structure probably nothing can be erected which is fireproof at a lower cost than the type of lean-to building used in county tuberculosis hospitals in this State.

HOSPITALIZATION OF POLIOMYELITIS CASES IN

LONG ISLAND

The following figures will show the proportion of cases in the hospitals on August 26. Around Roslyn, in Smithtown, Babylon and Patchogue nearly all cases which have been reported since the hospitals have opened have been hospitalized:

Nassau Co.

358

Suffolk Co.

Cases August 25..

293

A SIMPLE METHOD OF PASTEURIZING A ONE QUART BOTTLE OF MILK

RUTH VORIES

Laboratory Assistant, Division of Laboratories and Research

The following experiments were planned to determine a simple method of pasteurizing a one quart bottle of milk, a method which would insure pasteurization and yet be practicable for every housewife to carry on in her own kitchen with ordinary household utensils.

A series of experiments was performed to determine the quantity of water necessary to be used. It was further necessary to note the temperature of the water at the beginning of the experiment and at intervals during the pasteurization to determine the loss of heat in the water, and at the same time to record the temperature of the milk at the beginning and at intervals throughout the process.

The first series of experiments including three tests was carried on using three quarts of boiling water in an agate saucepan.

In order to prevent the cracking of the bottle, which was usually quite cold when taken from the ice chest, it was first placed in a pail of warm water, then into a large saucepan which contained the boiling water, covered with a cloth and left for one hour. At intervals of five or ten minutes the temperature of the milk in the bottle, also the water around it was recorded. After an hour the bottle was taken from the water, cooled quickly by putting it into cold water, and later placed in the ice-box.

In the first of the three tests the maximum temperature of the milk was only 58° C. This was probably due to two causes: first, the water was not boiled in the pan used for carrying on the experiment but transferred to it and therefore cooled; and second, it was not kept in a warm place during the experiment so that it cooled much more rapidly.

In the second test three quarts of water were boiled in the pan in which the experiment was carried out and it was not removed from over the gas stove. The maximum temperature of the milk was 69° C. This showed that the water did not cool with sufficient rapidity, the low temperature in the milk being too high.

The third test was carried on having all the conditions the same as in the second test except that the saucepan was removed from the gas plate but to a warm place during the exposure. The maximum temperature of the milk was 66° C., and again the temperature in the milk remained at 60° C. for over thirty minutes.

From the high temperature in the milk, it was concluded that too large an amount of water was used; therefore, a series of experiments was

carried on in which two quarts of water instead of three were boiled in a saucepan.

Four experiments were conducted, using the two quarts of boiling water, all other conditions being the same as those present in the third experiment where the three quarts of water had been used. In only one case did the temperature in the milk remain above 60° C. for thirty minutes. This indicated that too small an amount of water was being used. Therefore, it seemed advisable to repeat the experiment using two and one-half (22) quarts of boiling water, all other conditions being the same. Duplicate experiments were carried on with the result that the maximum temperature was 64° C., and the temperature remained above 60° C. for fifty minutes. Since a maximum temperature of 65° C. was not sufficiently high to injure the milk by overheating it, and inasmuch as a temperature of 60° C. was maintained in the milk for over thirty minutes, it was decided that the milk was thoroughly pasteurized.

Although satisfactory pasteurization was possible when using a large agate saucepan, provided great care was taken to keep the pan well covered with a cloth and in a warm place during the exposure, it seemed possible that a more uniform method could be devised by using a container in which the bottle could be more nearly surrounded by the boiling water, and more easily and completely covered with a cloth, insuring a more uniform heating of the milk during the pasteurization.

With this point in mind it was decided to carry on a series of tests using an ordinary 10-pound tin lard pail as a container. Great care was taken to try and have all other conditions the same as in the experiments in which the saucepan was used. In the first test three quarts of boiling water were used in the 10-pound lard pail, with the result that a maximum temperature of 70° C. was reached, while the temperature of the milk was over 60° C. for fifty-five minutes. Both the high temperature and the length of time the temperature remained over 60° C. ruled out this method.

In the second test the experiment was repeated using two and one-half (22) quarts of boiling water in the pail, with the result that the maximum temperature was 69° C. and a temperature of 60° C. was maintained in the milk for over forty minutes. The temperatures still being too high the experiment was repeated, using a smaller amount of water.

The

In the third test, duplicate experiments were carried on, using two quarts of boiling water. All other conditions were the same. maximum temperature was 64.5° C., while the temperature in the milk was above 60° C. for thirty-five minutes.

Inasmuch as the maximum temperature was not so high as to injure the milk and since the temperature in the milk was held at 60° C. for