WALLACHIAN MUSIC. CARL JUNG, formerly captain in the Schleswig-Holstein army, and favourably known for his bold defence of the harbour of Eckernförder, writes to one of the German papers in the following terms respecting the very interesting Wallachian national music which he heard at the solemnization of a Gipsey wedding: "Music and dancing form the chief elements of every festive meeting in Wallachia. The airs played by the musicians became gradually wilder and louder, and the eyes and faces of the dancers more excited, until the group at last worked themselves up into such a state of bacchanalian fury, that the dust flew up and around them in thick clouds, rendering it impossible to distinguish aught but the purring sounds of the fiddle and the Pandean pipes. The Gipsey musicians are indispensable to the Wallachians; they are to be seen on all festivals and Sundays playing dances in the Kreteschma. In their own style they really play very well; as a general rule, the orchestra is composed of two fiddles, an instrument resembling the mandolin-from which the player produces the chords of the accompaniment by striking on it with a quill—and one set of Pandean pipes. I have never seen these Gipseys play from notes-which they are said not to know anything about, but they have so good an ear that it is said they can play any thing after once hearing it. Their performances are naturally confined to the very peculiar national melodies of Wallachia. Wallachian music? How shall I convey any notion of it? It is an eternal ing and lamenting, weeping and raving, hoping and fearing, loving and quarrelling; a mysterious history in tones, which a foreigner cannot translate into words, and all of which spring suddenly from one another without preparatory notice a yearning for harmony in the minor key, and for eccentric melody, neither of which is ever successfully attained. "At the conclusion of the dance, one of my companions turned towards the Gipsey who conducted, and, displaying a Zwanziger, asked him to play us something out of the "Liberty-time" (1848). The conductor merely gave a look at his comrades, and we immediately heard a chaos of tones as unintelligible and as deficient in a single leading idea as the Wallachian Revolution of 1848 itself was.* "I have often had an opportunity of noticing the impression produced respectively upon the Wallachians by the splendid bands of the Austrian regiments in the public gardens of Bucharest, and also by those of the Turkish bands there. The compositions of the greatest musical celebrities executed by the former left them cold and unmoved, but no sooner were the harsh and piercing sounds of the Turkish music heard, than the eyes and countenances of the audience brightened up as if they recognised so many old acquaintances." yearn This only shows that the primitive influence of music is wholly independent of form, and that national tunes have nothing to do with music as an art. In them the ars celare artem is uninvolved, since there is no art of concealing, and no art to conceal. * In the opinion of Carl Jung. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT (England and Belgium).-On Tuesday appeared the copy of a convention between Her Majesty and the King of the Belgians, for the establishment of international copyright, signed in London on the 12th day of August, 1854, and recently ratified (on the 24th of January). From the date of the convention coming into operation, the authors of works of literature and art will be entitled to exercise the right of property in their works (where the laws now confer that right) in the territories of either country, and the protection given to original works will be extended to translations with certain express stipulations. Dramatic works and the performance of musical compositions will be included in the provisions of the con vention so far as the laws of each of the two countries are applicable. Pirated works or articles will be seized and destroyed, and, such penalties levied as the laws of each country may prescribe. Works, to be protected, must be registered;-if Belgian, at Stationers'-hall, London, and, if English, at the office of the Belgian Minister of the Interior, in Brussels. During the continuance of this convention, the duties now payable on the importation into the United Kingdom of books and musical works published in Belgium will be reduced to 15s. per cwt., and the duty on prints or drawings to ltd. per lb. The duties now payable on the importation of books, and prints into Belgium will be reduced to and fixed at the uniform rate of 10f. per 100 kilogrammes. Books, etc., may still be prohibited by either Government. The convention is to continue in force for 10 years and from year to year, on the tacit agreement of the contracting parties. SCRAPS FROM AN AMATEUR'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK. METASTASIO'S EPISTLE TO JOMELLI.-The immortal poet and dramatist, Metastasio, the councillor, the admirer, and the friend of Jomelli, not having heard from the great musician for a considerable time, upon at length receiving from him a letter, answered him in a style that demonstrated the tender and unabated regard in which he held his virtues and his genius. The communication is dated Vienna, April 6th, 1765, and is as follows:-"And does my admirable Jomelli then remember me? The confirmation of this truth, of which, in spite of your eternal absence, I never doubted, has afforded me a pleasure which I am unable to describe. Indeed, I am so much the had so long in vain expected it; having sent you by M. de Rois more delighted with your last kind letter of the 3rd of March, as I some the heart without It is true that time ago my Alcide al Bivio, and since that written you a long letter, which ought to have been forwarded_to_you by Signora Scotti, at present the first lady at the Opera in England, who, on quitting this place, set out for London. But either my couriers have been to blame, or my despatches ineffectual; and yet I am so sure of your affection, and of my occupying a favoura able place in your heart, that, whatever may happen, I shall never doubt the security of my station. I regard the two masterly airs with which you have kindly favoured me, as precious gifts; and, as far as the limits of my musical knowledge extend, I have admired the new and harmonious texture of the voice parts and the accompaniments,-the elegance of the one, the contrivance of the other, and the uncommon unity of the whole, which renders them worthy of your abilities. I must confess however, my dear Jomelli, that though this style impresses me with respect for the writer, you have, when you please, another, which instantly seizes on giving the mind the trouble of reflection. After hearing a thousand times your airs, Non so trovar l'errore, and Quando sarà quel di, with innumerable others whose titles I cannot recollect, that are still more seducing, they leave me no longer master of myself, but oblige me to feel all that you must have felt in composing them. Ah! my dear Jomeili, do not abandon a faculty in which you have not and never will have a rival. In masterly airs, there may be composers, perhaps, who by dint of pains and labour will approach you; but in finding the road to the hearts of others, their own must be formed of the same fibre and be as sensitive as yours, which is different from all those who have hitherto thought on music. in writing in this new style, you cannot help sometimes expressing the passions in the way your own happy temperament suggests; but being obliged, in order to support your learned idea, too frequently to interrupt the voice, the impressions already made on the mind of the hearer are effaced; and, for the reputation of a great master, you neglect that of an amiable and most powerful musician. Adieu, my dear and most worthy friend. If you knew with what occupation I am oppressed, you would be better able to judge of that affectionate regard which so long prevents me from finishing this letter. Take care of your health, for the honour of the harmonic familycontinue to esteem me, and believe me invariably yours, METASTASIO." LEONARDO DA VINCI.-There have been two distinguished musicians of this name-one of whom flourished in the middle of the fifteenth and the other in the beginning of the eighteenth century. The first was a scholar and an illustrious painter, as well as one of the most excellent violinists of his time, and a great favourite of Francis the First. The second, a celebrated composer, was born at Naples in 1705, and was eduducated at one ofthe conservatories of that city. His first operatic produc⚫ tion, Ifigenia in Tauride, came out at Venice in 1725. Its success was so great, that many of the principal towns in Italy were ambitious of having him for their composer. He afterwards set to music La Rosmira fidele; Sirse; Didone; Semiramide riconosciuta; and Artaserse. This last opera, his chef-d'œuvre, was heard with a degree of admiration equal to any that has ever been excited by the powers of modern music. The reci. tative of Vinci's Didone was considered as a model for future dramatic composers; and some of the first masters have profited by the study of it. This master was the first who conceived the idea of accompanying recitatives with a bass. The beauties of his compositions were nume. rous and striking, but his chief excellence was that of moulding his melody to the expression of nature, and of doing all that music could effect towards picturing the passions. This great musician and painter died in 1752, at the age of 42, owing his death to poison infused in a cup of chocolate, by one of his own servants, at the instance of a revengeful enemy. THOMAS ROSEINGRAVE, son of Daniel Roseingrave, first organist of Salisbury Cathedral, and afterwards of Christchurch, Dublin, was born the latter end of the seventeenth century. The talent for music For the convenience of our Provincial readers, we publish the following List of Book and Music Sellers of whom the Musical World may always be obtained. Aberdeen Bristol Agents for the Sale of THE "MUSICAL WORLD." Bury St. Edmunds Bradford Cheltenham Clifton which he manifested from his infancy, procured him the patronage of MARYLEBONE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION. Mr. P. J. Williams's first Evening Concert was given on Friday last (the 2nd). The artists were Misses Eyles, Susan Cole, Mrs. G. A. Cooper, Mrs. Alfred Gilbert, Messrs. G. A. Cooper, W. H. Cummins, and T. W. Butler. The performances appeared to afford entire satisfaction to a numerous audience. Dover.. " Exeter. " Gloucester .........Jackson & Winn. Hastings. Madras Liverpool .Hime & Son. Browne & Co. .Brandüs & Co. Marsh & Co. MR. .Simpson. .Acraman. Paris ADVERTISEMENTS. R. NEATE begs to announce that he intends, in the course of next month, to publish an Essay on Pianoforte fingering, chiefly as connected with expression. Price 10s. to subscribers (whose names must be addressed to the author, No. 2, Chapel-street, Portland Place), and 16s. to nonsubscribers. MISS Mezzo-Soprano), Professor of Music and Singing, 47, Alfred-street, Riverterrace, Islington, where letters respecting pupils or engagements may be addressed. MR R. H. COOPER, Concert Agent.-Professors and others giving Concerts in Town or Country, may be supplied with Vocal and Instrumental Performers on applying, by letter, to Mr. Cooper, No. 44, Upper Charlotte-street, Fitzroy-square. LA BAYADERE-Auber's charming ballet-opera, the Bayadere, MISS MILNER, Vocalist (Soprano), will be happy to which has not been given for many years in London, will be revived on Monday at the Adelphi. PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-Mr. Charles Kean has taken this theatre from Mr. Maddox, the lessee, for another term of four years. LEARN TO WRITE AND DON'T LEARN TO WRITE.-There used to live in Krajowa a teacher of the pianoforte of the name of Simonis, the brother-in-law of Omar Pasha. He was arrested by the Russians on suspicion of keeping up a correspondence with the Turkish Generalissimo. His position was rather a critical one, but he proved his innocence in the most convincing manner -he could not write. It seems a strange caprice of Fate that while the Generalissimo made his way among the Turks, by his skill in writing, Simonis escaped death at the hand of the Russians because he was entirely ignorant of the art. [R. W. STERNDALE BENNETT respectfully announces that his ANNUAL SERIES of PERFORMANCES CLASSICAL PIANOFORTE MUSIC will take place at the Hanover-square Rooms, on Tuesday evenings, February 20, March 1, and April 3. Subscription, one guinea. Applications to Messrs. Leader and Coc, 63, New Bond-street. THE ORGAN TAUGHT.-Mr. II. F. HAMMOND, Organist of Christ Church, Camberwell, continues to give LESSONS at his residence, 1, Surrey-place east, Old Kent-road. A large organ, with two rows of keys, and 24 octave pedals, for the use of pupils. IMPROVEMENT OF CHURCH MUSIC.-An association has been formed for the improvement of Church Music in the diocese of Durham. The following is an abstract of the principal rules :Any person subscribing not less than 5s. per annum is a member of the association. The society entirely disclaims all attempt at interference in the mode of conducting the musical portion of the service in any church, its object being only to assist, as far as may be, in order that whatever music is used may be as well done as possible. This it is proposed to effect by the engage-JUST PUBLISHED.-A Supplement of 15,000 new and ment of competent teachers in various parts of the diocese, brary, price 38., by G. Scheurmann & Co., importers of foreign music and publishers, 86, Newgate-street. whose duty it will be to give instruction to choirs under the of the clergyman of each parish. The society superintendence of by a special service in St. Peter's Church, E and Sherits of the city of London hare kindly signified their intention of Newcastle, on Thursday, Feb. 8th, on which occasion a sermon will be preached by the Rev. Dr. Hook, vicar of Leeds.-Leeds Intelligencer, Feb. 3rd, XETER HALL.-The Right Hon. Lord Mayor being present at the performance by the New Philharmonic Society in aid of the Funds of the Asylum for Idiots, on Wednesday, February 14. Stall Tickets, One 38. 1.-FRA POCO A ME “LUCIA DI LAMMERMOOR," 48. 2.-A TE O CARA-"I PURITANI," 3.-NOBLES SEIGNEURS, AND RATAPLAN—“HUGUENOTS,” 3s. 4.-O FORTUNE A TON CAPRICE—“ROBERT," 38. 6-LA DONNA E MOBILE "RIGOLETTO," 48. 6. TUTTO E SCIOLTO-" SONNAMBULA," 3s, 7.-VI RAVVISO-"SONNAMBULA," 38. 8.-AH NON GIUNGE" SONNAMBULA," 2s. 6d. 9.-ERNANI INVOLAMI-" ERNANI," 48. SL 13.-0 LUCE DI QUEST "LINDA," 48. 15.-A FRENATI O COR-"BATTAGLIA DI LEGNANO," 35. 20.-MOSAIQUE FRANCAISE, 6s. LINDA DI CHAMOUNI (complete), 58. BOOSEY AND SONS, 28, HOLLES STREET. LOWLY AND SOFTLY MUSIC SHOULD FLOW, and TWO MERRY ALPINE MAIDS, two new and most effective duets, the words by J. E. Carpenter, composed by Stephen Glover. Will be found equal to the most popular compositions of these celebrated writers. Price 2s. 6d. each, postage free. London, Brewer & Co., 23, Bishopsgate-street within. THE VIOLET MAZURA; fourth edition of this celebrated composition is just published. Price 1s. 6d. Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. A LVARS SULTAN'S MARCH, by NORDMANN, price 2s. 6d. EVENING, Sacred Song, by W. H. HOLMES, price is. CRAMER, FANTASIA, SONNAMBULA, price 48. In the Press. EXCELSIOR, by COOPER. PRIZE GLEE-ARDWICK GENTLEMEN'S GLEE CLUB-The Committee of this Club hereby OFFER a PREMIUM of FIVE GUINEAS for the Best ORIGINAL CHEERFUL GLEE, for four male voices, such glee to be written for the occasion and sent in on or before the 10th March next, addressed to the Secretaries, at the club room, George and Dragon Inu, Ardwick Green, Manchester. Each composition is to be distinguished by a motto, and accompanied by a sealed letter containing the real name and address of the composer, the glee and letter being endorsed on the outside with a corresponding motto. The manuscripts will be retained by the club, but the copyright will not be interfered with. The name of the successful competitor will be announced to each candidate immediately after the decision is given. S WOOD, THOS. DAKIN, Club Room, Ardwick Green, February 9th 1855. Hon. Secretaries. N E W MUSIC, EMILE PRUDENT. Le Lac Caprice by 4s. ... Le Retour des Bergères L'Hirondelle ... ... Les Champs: Pastorale Une Fête aux Champs Marine Etude : La Ronde de Nuit: Etude Seguidille SBORNE'S GOOD-NIGHT. Just ready, price 3s. Sonnambula: Caprice OSBORNE'S OSBORNE.-Boosey and Sons; 28, Holles-street. LA A LUNE DE MIEL WALTZ, by GEORGE MONTAGNE, composer of the Bulgarian Polka and Stars of the West Waltzes. Published this day, price 38., Illustrated by Messrs. Leighton. The Band Parts are nearly ready.-Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. NEW PIANOFORTE MUSIC, by ADOLPH GOLLMICK. 38.; Six Etudes, 48.; Grand Marche Héroïque, 3s.; Grand Caprice sur des Airs Ethiopiens, 38.; Valse Styrienne, 28.: Consuelo-Mazurka, 28.; Le RevoirMorceau de Salon, 2s. 6d.; L'Espoir-Romance, 2s. 6d.; Europa-Galop de Concert, 28. Six German Volkslieder, each 2s. 6d.-1. Troue Liebe-True Love; 2. Wanderlied-Parting Song; 3. Liebe und Glück-Love and Happiness; 4. Rheinweinlied-Rhine song; 5. Aennchen von Tharau-Serenade; 6. Der Gute Kamerad The Faithful Friend. Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. Trois Ballades Triste Pensée : Ballade NEW ... ... ... Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. EW PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER HALL. -Wednesday, February 14, will be performed CHERUBINI'S GRAND CHORAL WORK IN C, Beethoven's Symphony in A, Mendelssohn's Overture Ruy Blas; Weber's Overture Euryanthe, Beethoven's Overture Egmont; Part Song Mendelssohn, with Chorus of 300 Voices. Vocalists engaged-Miss Birch, Miss Dianelli, Miss Dyer, Mr. Hamilton Braham, Mr. Herberte, and Mr. Augustus Braham. Violin, Herr Ernst. Conductor. Dr. Wylde, Performance commence at 8 o'clock. Stall tickets, one guinea; reserve seats, area, 10s. 6d. ; portion of west gallery, 58.; western area, 2s. 6d. to be had at Messrs. Cramer, Beale, and Co.'s, and Messrs. Keith, Prowse, and Co.'s, where subscriptions are also received. Subscription £2 28. NOTICE-BOOSEY'S UNIVERSAL SINGING MUSICAL WINTER METHOD (just published) is the cheapest and the most instructive and useful system of singing that has appeared. It contains the best exercises by Bordogni, Garcia, Vaccaj, Rignini, Rossini, &c., besides a complete course of instruction in the mode of cultivating and producing the voice, and five popular songs and duets by celebrated composers. Edited by JOHN WASS. Price 6s., in a arge vol., cloth, Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. USICAL WINTER EVENING.-Willis's Rooms, Thursday, February 15th, half-past 8 o'clock.-Quartet, B flat, 3-4, Mozart. Quintet, Op. 44, (M.S.) Piano, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon, and HornPauer. Quartet, E flat, Canzonetta-Mendelssohn. Morceaux for Violin and Piano-Ernst and Heller: Artists, Ernst, Goffrie, Hill, Piatti and Pauer, Barret, Lazarus, Snelling, and Harper. Single tickets, half-a-guinea, to be had of Cramer and Co., Chappell and Co., and Ollivier, Bond-street. The remaining Sofas for five reserved places, may be secured for five guineas. Apply to J. ELLA, Director. THE VILLAGE BLACKSMITH.-The words by IMPROVED SYSTEM OF PENMANSHIP, by MR. Cramer, Beale, and Co., 201, Regent-street; and Messrs. Addison and Hollier, 210, Regent-street. MARTER, at the Writing Institution, 93, Farringdon-street, Fleet-street, City.Persons of any age (however bad their writing) can, by taking Eight Lessons, speedily acquire an expeditious and well-formed style of Penmanship, adapted either to business, professional pursuits, or private correspondence, at 1s. 6d. per practically taught in all its branches. Short-hand taught in a few lessons. Separate Rooms for Ladies. Prospectuses to be had at the Institution. ONGS IN THE NIGHT.-Job. ch. 35, v. 10.-Six Lesson, or the Course of Eight Lessons for 10s. 6d. Arithmetic and Book-keeping Sacred Airs, for the Voice and Pianoforte. The music by Mendelssohn, Weber, Dr. Callcott. &c. The poetry by Bishop Heber, James Montgomery, &c. Edited and arranged by W. Hutchins Callcott. Price 78. A suitable gift for the present times. Addison and Hollier, 210, Regent-street. THE THE PATENT DUETT CONCERTINA, enabling a single performer (without difficulty) to play duets or melodies with a ordinary instrument comprises two Concertinas in one; each having unison notes, separate accompaniment. It is also admirably suited to the voice, and combines results not to be obtained in any diatonic instrument of the description now in use. Inventors, Wheatstone and Co. (original patentees of the Concertina), 20, Conduit-street, Regent-street. HAPPELL'S FOREIGN MODEL PIANOFORTE. OTHIC HARPS, Double-action, with every improve. CHARP FIFTY GUINEAS. This instrument has (unlike the ordinary GOTE ment on Erard's principle, warranted for any period, from 30 Guineas. H. Haarnack, Harp Maker, 95, Berners-street, Oxford-street. Harps repaired, redecorated, strung, and regulated at moderate prices. N.B.-32 years experience in Награ. ITALIE POLKA, BY GAVIOLI. This favourite (vide the sketch), the touch elastic, and the repetition very rapid. Every happol Polka, long in demand, is now published, price 2s. 6d. The copyright is secured by the French International Treaty, and any infringement of it will be immediately prosecuted. Published (for the proprietor) by Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-strect, MUSIC on, author of SEAS, Pew song by LANGTON new song by LANGTON Miss Lascelles, Miss Julia Bleaden, &c. Beautifully illustrated in colours by Brandard, 2s., free for postage-stamps. W. Tottenham-court-road. 0円! H! WOULD THE WAR WERE O'ER.STEPHEN GLOVER's last song. Words by J. MORTIMER. Fifth edition. The merit of this song is shown by its sale being the largest of the day. Price 2s., post-free. B. Williams, 11, Paternoster-row. THE MUSICAL DIRECTORY FOR 1855. CONTENTS: 1. An Almanack, with musical data. 2. A List of Musical Societies throughout the Kingdom. 8. The Musical Doings of the past year. 4. Complete List of Music published throughout the Kingdom between 1st of January and 31st December, 1854. 5. Names of Professors, Music-sellers, and Musical Instrument Manufacturers, throughout the Kingdom, with their Addresses, &c. Rudall, Rose, Carte, and Co., 100, New Bond-street, and 20, Charing Cross. JUST Published, INKERMANN, or The SOLDIERS Officers of the Allied Armies. By the Composer of "Varna Valse," The profits THE HE CONCERTINA MISCELLANY.-Just Published, price 2s. 6d., the first number of the Concertina Miscellany, a new periodical of Popular Music for Concertina Solo, and Concertina and Pianoforte. To be continued every month. Subscription, per annum, 21s., or postage free, 278. The number for January contains a Fantasia on Masaniello for Concertina and Piano, by GEORGE CASE. Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. cottage pianoforte) THREE STRINGS, and the fullest grand compass of SEVEŇ THE ROYAL PANOPTICON OF SCIENCE AND ART, LEICESTER SQUARE.-The Building comprises a large circular Hall, 100 feet in diameter, and 100 feet high, surrounded by three Galleries, and surmounted by a Dome, the whole gorgeously decorated in the Saracenic style of architecture. The Exhibition includes a splendid Fountain, throwing the water 100 feet; a Crystal Tank, holding 6,000 gallons of water, for the display of Messrs. Heinke's Diving Apparatus, of the Electric Light under water, and other subaqueous experiments; a Cosmorama of St. Petersburg with Portrait of the Emperor Nicholas; a Transparent Screen, 32 feet wide, and 36 feet high, for the display of Dioramic Views, of the Chromatrope, and of other optical effects; a magnificent Organ, containing 4,004 pipes, with the bellows worked by steam power, the richest and most powerful instrument of its kind in existence, on which a variety of Sacred and Operatic Music is performed daily at intervals, by Mr. W. T. Best, the Organist of the Institution; a gigantic Electric Machine, the largest ever constructed, the plate ten feet in diameter, with a large Leyden Battery attached; Voltaic Batteries of high power on a novel principle; and in the two Galleries, a variety of machinery and manufacturing processes in action, including the Nassau Steam Printing Machine, a complete series of Whitworth's Machinery, Kirby and Beard's Pin and Needle Machines, Perkins' Apparatus for the Combustion of Steel, Brock's Ornamental Sawing Machine, Prideaux's Patent Self-closing Furnace Valve for the prevention of smoke, &c., an Ascending Carriage, Brett's Electric Telegraph, &c., &c.; a selection of Sculpture, including Monti's Veiled Figure, "The Houri," executed expressly for the Institution, a Gallery of Pictures on sale, and other objects of Art. Distin's celebrated Flügel Horn Union every evening. Attached to the Institution are two Lecture Rooms, in which demonstrations are given several times daily, in various branches of Science and Art, and Lectures delivered from time to time on Literary and Scientific subjects: a spacious Laboratory and Chemical School; a Photographic Gallery, in which portraits are taken. Open daily: Morning, 12 to 5; Evening (Saturday excepted), 7 to 10. Admission 1s.: Schools and Children under 10, half price. ALBINOLO'S OINTMENT having been forwarded by the Army Medical Board to the Hospital at Scutari, the Proprietor of this invaluable discovery having been severely wounded, and cured with this ointment 48 years ago, at the battle of Jena, will present every soldier going to the seat of war with a box to dress his wounds or sores, as a token of sympathy for his In Pots, duty included, 1s. 1d., 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., 11s., 228., and 33s. On the 22nd November, I delivered eight large tin boxes, containing together 200lbs., to Dr. Andrew Smith, Director to the Army Medical Board, to send them to the Army in the Crimea. TO COMPOSERS ABOUT TO PUBLISH.-JEWELL sufferings, Apply, 20 Marylebone-street, Regent-street. and LETCHFORD, Music Publishers, 17, Soho Square, London, undertake the Printing and Publishing of every description of Musical Work, greatly under the usual charges. The works are produced in the best style, combining taste with economy. Attention is also particularly paid to the publishing department. M.S. works revised and prepared for press. Estimates given. JEWELL and LETCHFORD, Music Publishers and Pianoforte Manufacturers, 17, Soho Square. MR. [R. CHAS. SALAMAN'S MUSICAL LECTURES, "On the Ancient Keyed-Stringed Instruments," and "On the Invention and Development of the Pianoforte," will be delivered by him at the Hanover Square Rooms, on the 15th and 27th March. NEW reformed CONCERNeter-halling EW PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY, Exeter-hall.season will take place in Exeter-hall, commencing in February. Subscription for reserved seats, 2 28.; professional subscribers, 1 1s.; subscription tickets for west gallery, 1 18. Conductors-M. HECTOR BERLIOZ and Dr. WYLDE. Subscribers' names received at Messrs. Cramer, Beale, and Co.'s, 201 Regent-street. HE LONDON ORCHESTRA.- Conductor, Mr. Baumann, Rémusat, Lovell Phillips, Prospère, Mount, Mann, Cioffi, Zeiss, Tolbecque, Nadaud, Chipp, &c. For terms apply to Mr. A. Guest, 1, Kingston Russell-place, Oakley-square, Camden-town, or Messrs. Cramer, Beale, and Co., 201, Regent-street. HOL JOLLOWAY'S PILLS a sure remedy for Indigestion, Bile, and disordered Stomachs.-Mr. Patrick O'Brien, of Newtownards, had frequent attacks of bile and indigestion, particularly after indulging freely in the luxuries of the table. His appetite was good, but his digestion weak, which obliged him to have recourse to medicine as oft-changed as told, for he seldom obtained more than temporary relief, relapsing again into the same unpleasantness. Holloway's Pills were recommended to him after all, and it is quite astonishing to see the benefit he has derived from them, as he can now eat indiscriminately, without fear of suffering from his former ailments.-Sold by all Vendors of Medicine, and at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London; and 80, Maiden-lane, New York. Published by JOHN BOOSEY, of 27, Notting Hill Square, in the parish of Kensington, Printed by WILLIAM SPENCER JOHNSON, "Nassau Steam Press," 60, St. Martin's SUBSCRIPTION:-Stamped for Postage, 20s. per annum-Payable in advance, by Cash or Post Office Order, to BOOSEY & SONS, 28, Holles Street, Cavendish Square. VOL. 33.-No. 7. NOTICE. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1855. THE publishers of the Musical World having been informed that some of the former subscribers to this journal experience some difficulty in obtaining it regularly, they beg to again remind their readers that MR. REED, of John-street, Oxford-street, has undertaken the delivery of copies to subscribers in London; and all applications on the subject must therefore be addressed to him. A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC BEFORE MOZART. THE annals of the race testify that music was already known and practised before the flood; on the other hand, the annals of music itself show that it dates only from yesterday, and scarcely counts four centuries of existence. This high antiquity, and this extraordinary youth, are easily reconciled, if we make a distinction which the historians appear to have too much neglected; a distinction which explains many obscure and even inexplicable things in the texts of these historians. There is a music in the state of nature, and a music in the state of art: the one, as old as the world, is as natural to man as speech; the other, men sought long before they found it. What was called the History of Music by the people of antiquity or of the middle ages, is nothing but a more or less conjectural assertion; indeed, we may assume the utter fruitlessness of all attempts to find such actual history before the revival of music under the auspices and the protection of the Roman Catholic Church in Turope. Music in the state of nature, and music in the state of art, differ not at all from one another in their elementary principle: both spring from the feeling of a natural law, which is the harmonic, trichord, or perfect chord, and which presents itself in the double form of a succession and of a simultaneous combination of tones: that is to say, of melody and of harmony. The intervals* heard at the same time are harmony; but hear them one after the other, and you have melody. Thus we see, that the melody originally is nothing but a chord resolved into its elements; and that the chord is a snatch of melody blended into one compound sound. Melody represents the form; harmony the substance. Every melody, that did not spring out of an accord, and that could not be joined to some sort PRICE 4d. STAMPED 5d. of a bass, would utterly conflict with the claims of hearing; it would have no kindred harmony with any emotion of the soul; it would correspond to no feeling, to no thought musically expressible, and therefore would be no melody. Accordingly, the most refined aria, as well as the most barbaric national songs, exception to this either in the examples of Chinese and Canadian have their origin in the chord. At all events I have found no music found in J. J. Rousseau's Dictionary, or in the Turkish and Persian songs, which I have heard sung by natives. On the contrary, the songs and dances of the Canadian savages would conform to the principles of the simplest and most natural A child would find the bass to them. relations of harmony, were they reduced to strict notation. We will not speak here of the systems of Rameau and of Nardini. The physico-mathematical question concerns us not. The main thing is to know, that the union of the three tones which compose the perfect major chord has its type in nature, and that the law, gradually guessed or discovered by the instinct of the composers, acquired the unimpeachable validity of law, some centuries later, by the discovery of the phenomenon called the generation of the harmonics. But even if this phenomenon were yet to be discovered, this musical truth, however doubtful it might appear in the eyes of the learned, would still remain a settled thing for the musicians; for the proofs in art have nothing in common with those of science. Our proof rests upon the fact that all in music springs out of the accord, since all may be reduced back to this, from the song of the savage to the Zarberflöte overture inclusive. sciousness of a secret law of nature, I have not forgotten that I thus tracing the musical instinct of humanity to the connature only yields the major harmony, and that it is the minor that predominates in the aboriginal melodies. But we should not forget also that in our human state of imperfection the physical laws of the creation cannot always be conformed with absolute precision to the material necessities of the race. And so the law of harmony either never was, or has at some time ceased to be divided to render it complete. Beside the major trichord, to be, in perfect unison with all the feelings of the soul. It had there stood another, apparently the same in form and intervals, but the third was tuned down half a tone, and by this fruitful modification, the archetype whereof lay in another nature than that of the human heart, music could be brought into unison with all the conditions of existence in this vale of tears. By this means it was one day to find expression for all the passion, all the suffering by which we feel that we exist; even as it was destined to become the comforter in making itself the most faithful echo of the soul. I have told what the music of nature and that of art possess in common. We must now also investigate the distinctive properties which each has by itself and must have always. The natural musician has only a vague feeling of the law of harmony which suffices him for the delivery of his song in the form of a broken chord, but which gives him no knowledge of the chord itself. He can keep in the key, and use it according to the combinations of the correct scale, without ever knowing this entirely. The distinctive notes, the sevenths are almost always We retain the term intervals in this and similar cases, because we wanting to him. In the very small number of modulations in find it in the original, although it is not a strict use of language which which his ear helps him out, he limits himself to the tones that confounds the distances between tones with the tones themselves.lie nearest in respect to the ease with which they may be Note of the Translator. sounded. Thus, for example, the Russian songs (some of which |
