non sine prepositione ,בזמרות vel לזמרות vel antecedente. other branch is cut off, flourishing for ever.' Such I take to be the import of this passage. That is used as an interrogative particle 3 ...117.70, locutus est mihi, dixit; see Nold. and Michaelis. Compare Isaiah adde alterum post 27, ne casu personæ xxxvi. 19, with 2 Kings xvii. 34. In the verbum 7 destituatur, postquam eo non Syr. and Chald. this signification is common. privatur verbum N. Græci Intt. et Syrus -For with me.] This is the reason of his adjungunt ad 7: Sed non est confidence and hope. Hebraicum, cum contra passim legatur dominans timorem, מושל יראת אלהים....דבר לי Is there not here a 6 But lawless men.] reference, not only to the punishment of the Dei. Hoc parum intelligitur, quid sit dowicked in general, but to the lawless, minans timorem. Et ex antecedentibus, ubi wicked Israelites, who, when the just king legitur, dominans in hominem justum, satis should come, would not submit to his law? declaratur, alterum, dominans, requiThe metaphor in this view has peculiar rere subjectum, non timorem Dei, sed force and propriety. As thorns are cut up timentem Deum. Peccat in Grammaticam and burned with fire, in the place where, post, sine præpositione, ut they grew, so shall these sinners be cut off liquet ex membro priore, in quo legitur DN. and consumed in their own land. qui preest, מושל בירא האלהים Itaque legendum timenti Deum; ita Syrus, 4 T, et sicut lux. , כאור Legendum Houb.-1 Hæc autem sunt novissima verba David. Dicit David filius Isai; dicit vir, qui exortus est propter Messiam, Deum Jacob, quique egregia fecit cantica Israel: sine, cum Vulgato et cum Syro. Nam 2 Spiritus Domini per me locutus est, et sententia talis est; Deum dominari in sermo ejus mea in lingua fuit. 3 Deus hominem justum et in timentem Deum, Israel mihi locutus est; verba mihi fecit similiter ut sol præest diei ac luci, et ut Petra Israel, qui præest homini justo, qui imbres terræ proventibus. Eam sententiam præest timenti Deum; 4 Quomodo luces- demonstrat verbum, quod Gen. i. de cente mane sol oritur, et mane est splendidum sole usurpatur, diei dominante: Davide ac sine nubibus, quomodo post imbres humo nascitur herba virens. 5 Non ita erit de domo mea cum Deo, ut statuat mecum fœdus sempiternum, perque omnia ratum futurum et observandum; nam quancunque habui salutem, et quæcunque ejus beneficia in me extiterunt, hæc non amplius revirescent. 6 Sed filii Belial tanquam spina omnes quia illud similitudinis, quod est in, est evellentur; quam nemo manu apprehendit. 7 Sed quam si quis attingere parat, palmam ejus implet ferrum, aut hastile lancea, quæque ad extremum igne comburitur. docente, quomodo non sine sole adveniente lux oritur, nec sine imbribus herba tellure generatur, ita non sine Deo Israel illabente mentibus humanis olimque in orbem venturo, esse posse in homine justitiam et Dei timorem. ..., ex pluvia, vel post pluviam. Nos, quomodo post imbres, addito quomodo, ȧrò Koívov, utroque in membro. voluntas erga חפץ בי • כי Lege : חפץ כי 5 me, vel beneficentia in me; nam quomodo Omissum fuit 1 .......app' min mud by opnan, Vir ille, qui prope "ob similitudinem. Legi etiam exortus est propter Messiam Deum Jacob. potest, quomodo antea . Caput Nam David propterea exortus est, ut adum- est, ne affixum primæ personæ post " braret Messiam futurum ; qui Messias dicitur omittatur, quoniam id non deest post : Deus Jacob, ut pote is, in quem Jacob nam sine affixo, nihil y significabit. Ait speravit, qui et ejus diem, quomodo et David non sic fore domum suam, ut fœdus Abraham, vidit et gravisus est. Licebat cum ea sempiternum Deus faciat, quemadconvertere, propter Messiam Dei Jacob. Sed modum fœdere Dei sempiterno sol redit ac cum Deus Jacob sit ille ipse Messias, nihil lucet, et quomodo ex pluviis semper herba causæ erat, cur Deus a Messia distingueretur. generatur; nam non fore ut salus sibi facta ...1701 0901, quique egregia fecit cantica. regerminet: quasi dicat: Hæc finem habeSie habendum, tanquam Partici- bunt, et domus ea una perpetua erit, quæ pium, quod respondeat alteri participio p, erit ejus, qui dominatur in hominem justum. regatque in accusandi casu. Ita rem Quibus verbis David præcavet, ne quæ in tractat Syrus, qui an, suavia reddens; Psalmo lxxxix. dixerat, et thronus ejus, ut nam si esset adjectivum, post legeretur sol, coram me, et similia in aliis Psalmis, Israelitæ de domo sua dicta esse credant, quæ quidam dixerat de altera domo David, seu Messiæ, in sempiternum tempus man sura. criticæ peritissimi reprehendunt male sedulain curam corrigendi omnia, quæ duri quid aut insoliti habere videantur. Multo magis ab ea abstinendum putavi in hac pericopa, quæ, 6, Et Belial. Nusquam legitur si quam habet in verborum constructione , nisi alteri nomini substantivo sub- duritiem, eam ab ipso auctore fortasse traxnixum, ut vs, vir, 12, filius, &c. Nec erit, qui haud dubie jam ætate provecta hæc dubium, quin sit legendum,, filii scripsit, qua solent homines concisius et abautem Belial. Nam id probatur ex verbis ruptius nonnunquam cogitata eloqui. et, pluralibus, quæ verba de filiis () efferuntur. Significat David eos filios Belial, qui jugum Messiæ olim detrectaturi sunt, quique olim, ut spina, futuri sunt intractabiles, posteaque igne comburendi. 7: Græci Intt. aioxúvnv avrŵv, confusionem eorum; legunt on, ex radice , qua ex scriptione assumendum affixum , ut legatur Draw, in quiescendo illos, i. e., cum eorum finis advenerit; quod nos vertimus, ad extremum. Dathe.-Carmen Davidis, in quo spem suam testatur de adimplenda promissione sibi data futuræ perpetuitatis regni sui a). b) Assentior interpretibus, qui putant, non probabile videri, Davidem hæc in extrema senectute, quæ 1 Reg. i. describitur, scripsisse. Sed de re sequenti cum respectu ad antecedentem quoque dicitur, Exod. iv. 8. Igitur respicitur ad carmen præcedens, quo hoc fuit posterius. c) Hæc verba summam continent illius promissionis. Quam non de Salomone intelligo, sed de Messia, Davidi promisso, quamcunque hic deo cognitionem habuerit. Nam Salomo non dici potuisset, quoniam absolute positum totum genus humanum notat, non populum aliquem in specie, qui tamen h. 1. esset intelligenda, nempe Israëliticus, cujus Salomo fuit, non aliorum et multo minus omnium. d) pro 2, He interrogandi deficiente, uti sæpe, v. c. Genes. xlii. 33; 1 Sam. xxiv. 20; 2 Reg. xviii. 34; vid. Noldius sub num. 2. Interrogatio vero hæc eo fortius affirmat. Expressi in versione sensum affirmativum, quoniam genio linguæ convenientius videbatur. - Ultimum membrum hujus versus eodem modo explico ? 1 Hæc quoque a Davide, sed posterius b) dicta sunt: Dicit David, filius Isæi, dicit vir in loco sublimi constitutus, unctus ex voluntate Dei Jacobitarum, suavis propter cantica Israëlitis usurpata. 2 Spiritus Jovæ per me est locutus, ejus verbum super lingua mea. 3 Promisit Deus Israëlitarum, mihi promisit immutabilis Israëlitarum Deus: Erit dominator in homines, c) justus erit dominator religionem Dei propagans. 4 Ut lux matutina oriente sale, ut tempore matutino non nubilo a splendore solis post fluviam herba ex terra, in quo interrogationem retinui. progerminat. 5 sic domus mea futura est d) e) pro D, inserto parag. e projuvante Deo. Nam promissionem æternam nomine ; vid. Schultens Institt. Ling. mihi dedit, definitam in omnibus, servandam. Hebr., p. 448. Num igitur salutem meam et omne desiderium non promoveret? 6 Impii vero omnes e) erunt sicuti spinæ amovendæ, quæ manu prehendi non possunt. 7 Quas qui exscindere vult, ferro aut hasta instructus accedit, tandemque f) igne comburuntur. f) na vel in sede sua, h. e., in eo loco, ubi crescunt, vel a na, cessavit, na, in fine, h. e., tandem. Fuerunt qui [דִּבְרֵי דָוִד הָאַחֲרֹנִים 1-.Maurer interpretarentur de ultimo Davidis carmine, quod sub finem vitæ composuerit. Sed a) Mirentur fortasse nonnulli, me in ver- recte monuit Dathius, y de re sequenti tenda hac pericopa lectionem textus presse cum respectu ad antecedentem quoque dici secutum esse, et recentissimorum interpretum Ex. iv. 8. Igitur respici ad carmen præconjecturas, quibus difficultates removere cedens, quo hoc fuerit posterius. T annisi sunt, ei non substituisse. Sed quan- qui supra, i. e., in loco sublimi constitutus quam non nego, structuram verborum per es. poetice tanquam adverbium, ut ♫♫, has emendationes tentatas fieri faciliorem, infa, Gen. xlix. 25, cf. , ib. xxii. 13. tamen fateor, me in hujus generis locis, Dy?] i.e., suavis Israëlitarum quæ quidem difficilia sunt, sed tamen expli- poeta, propr. suavis canticorum, i. e., lieblich cationem grammaticam admittunt, malle in durch Gesänge J. 3 — Dixit Deus Israelis, hac acquiescere, quam ingenio indulgere. mihi dixit rupes, præsidium Israelis: erit, In scriptoribus quidem profanis viri artis exsistet, prodibit (cf. vs. 4) justus in homines VOL. II. 4 P dominator, dominator timens Deum. quarto casu בָּאָדָם וגו' Sed E. § 311. Verbum impers. capitur. non vehementer repugnabo, si verba 7 Qui voluerit tangere eas, implebitur, vertere malueris: i. e., instruetur, se armabit ferro et hasta ; dixit · promisit — justum in homines domi- igne comburentur in sede sua, i. e., in eo loco, natorem cet. coll. Deut. vi. 3. 4 — Et pro- ubi crescunt. Alii deducunt an, ut dibit ille quidem, ut lux matutina lucet, sol sit in fine, tandem. oritur, lux matutina non nubila; ut a splendore post pluviam herba ex terra progerminat.notat et quidem ut Ps. lxviii. 10 al. nipy n G. Gr. min., p. 80. Comparandi particula Ver. 8. העצני קרי אחת קרי בּקֶר לֹא Verba eiσáñağ. expressimus. Voc. is non est nomen subst. sed infinitivus, qui progrediente oratione transit in verbum fin. . ni propr. significant lux matutina, non Ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν δυνατῶν Δαυίδ· sunt ei nubes may sta pi, lux matutina Ιεβοσθὲ ὁ Χαναναῖος ἄρχων τοῦ τρίτου ἐστίν· sine nubibus, ut 1 Chron. ii. 30 : & το που δινὼν ὁ ̓Ασωναῖος, οὗτος ἐσπάσατο τὴν Dal. Ad postrema verba mente poupalav avтoû ènì ỏкTakoσiovs σtpatiάtas supplendum est verbum progerminandi, quod eo facilius potest suppleri, quoniam præAu. Ver.-8 These be the names of the cedens non solum de ortu lucis ad- mighty men whom David had: The Tachhibetur, sed etiam de plantis ex terra monite that sat in the seat, chief among the erumpentibus. Cf. voc. al. In omnia captains [or, Joshebbassebet the Tachalia abierunt Michaëlis, Dathius, et reliqui, monite, head of the three]; the same was quos quidem inspicere licuit, omnes. Mi- Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear [see chaëlis: "wenn der Morgen anbricht, wird 1 Chron. xi. 11 and xxvii. 2] against eight die Sonne aufgehen, ein Morgen cet. quæ hundred, whom he slew [Heb., slain] at constructio nonnisi impeditum et hiulcum one time. sensum fundere videtur. Dathius in eo Pool. Whereas there are some differences potissimum peccavit, quod comma 4 cum 5 ita between this list and that 1 Chron. xi., most copulavit, ut illud protasin, hoc apodosin of them are easily reconciled by these two efficiat. Cui structuræ manifesto repugnat considerations: 1 That nothing is more particula ab initio vs. 5 posita. 5 common than for one person to have divers Nonne enim sic futura est domus mea cum names. 2. That as some of the worthies Deo, i. e., juvante Deo? nam fœdus sem- died, and others came in their steads; so piternum fecit mecum, definitum in omnibus, this must needs cause some alteration in the servandum; omnem enim salutem meam et later catalogue, 1 Chron. xi., from this, omne desiderium meum nonne promovebit? which was the former. The Tachmonite, or, "? primum ab init. et sub fin. membri quarti Hachmonite, called Jashobeam, 1 Chronicles repetitum auget orationis gravitatem. Da- xi. 11, from his place; or, as here, Joshebthius primum cum quarto positum vult bassebet, i. e., as we render it, that sat in pro, quod hic ne sensum quidem præ- the seat, i. e. was, under Joab, chief or preberet. Michaëlis verba ab antecedd. dirimere et ad seqq. referre maluit sident of the council of war, or lieutenant (locum tenens). The same was Adino: this was his proper name. The Eznite; so called, either from his family, or from the place of his birth or education. He lift up his spear; which words are fitly supplied out of 1 Chron. xi. 11, where they are expressed. Or thus, he was above eight hundred, i. e. he conquered them. So there is provenient. Cui interpretationi præter formam Hiph., quæ notat provenire facere obstat id, quod verba præcedentia ypeum sensum, quem dedit Mich., nempe hunc ille (deus) solus est omnis mea salus et omne meum desiderium non ferunt; hoc enim esset vel certe only an ellipsis of the verb substantive, Impii vero omnes erunt sicuti which is most frequent. At one time; in spina ejicienda (77); nemo enim manu eas one battle. Object. But this man is said prehendet. Nomin, abs. De cf. to have slain only three hundred in 1 Chron. . וגו' 6 - Which some take to be the reason why he had not the honour to be put into the number of those worthies who served David. xi. 11. Answ. 1. Possibly he slew eight Chief among the captains.] The prinhundred at one time, and three hundred at cipal commander, as I said, under Joab. another: whereof the former is related here, Who is not here mentioned, though he was as being most considerable; and the latter a great man, inferior to none of these; but in the Book of Chronicles which supplies had stained himself by the base murder of many passages omitted in the former two great persons, Abner and Amasa. writings. 2. He slew three hundred with his own hands; and the other five hundred, though killed by his men, are said to be slain by him, for he was the chief cause of all their deaths; for he, by his undaunted courage, killing three hundred, put the rest to flight, who were easily slain by his soldiers in the pursuit. 3. Some of the Hebrew writers affirm that these were two distinct persons, being called by differing names; the one the father, and the other the son, who succeeded his father, as in strength and valour, so also in his place of honour and trust. Bp. Patrick.-There is a list of these mighty men in 1 Chron. xi. very different from this in several things. But Abarbinel thinks that it creates no difficulty, if we do but observe, that there he distinguishes them into three classes: those that had always The same was Adino the Eznite.] It is thought he had two names, and was of the family of the Ezrites; though Abarbinel will have his name to have been Adinohaezri. He lift up his spear.] These words are supplied out of 1 Chron. xi. 11. Against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.] In that place of the Chronicles it is said he killed three hundred: that is, after the slaughter he made in one battle of eight hundred; but killed in another (as Kimchi understands it) three hundred. Ken. 1 Chron. xi. 11; 2 Sam. xxiii. 8. .Chron ואלה .Sam אלה .Chron לדויד מספר הגבורים אשר שמות הגברים אשר been with him ; and they that came to him ישבעם to Ziklag, a little before he was made king of Judah; and they that came to him to Hebron, after he was made king of all Israel. All .Sain לדוד ישב בשבת תחכמני .Chron ראש השלושים הוא עורר : whose memories were fit to be preserved .Sam ראש השלשי הוא עדינו but here, in this book, the Divine writer .Chron את חניתו על שלש Sam. העצנו על שמנה מאות .Chron חלל בפעם אחת : .Sam חלל בפעם אחד : intended only to mention the most excellent IND Και ουτος ο αριθμός των δυνατων του The Tachmonite that sat in the seat.] Or, as it is translated in the margin, “ Josheb- Chron. boshebat the Tachmonite; for so he is Sam. called in 1 Chron. xi. 11, Ishobeam; which Chron. may well be thought the same name abbre- Sam. viated. He sat in the seat' (as we Chron. translate it here) in the council of war; Sam. next to Joab: being, it is thought, his lieu- Chron. tenant-general. For that he was one of the Sam. Sanhedrin, who sat in the seat of judgment, Chron. as some would have it, is not probable: though it is likely these were men of great wisdom as well as valour: and this man Chron. And this is the number of the being called a Chachmonite, Abarbinel thinks These be the names of the it was because he was a man of learning, Chron. mighty men whom David had; being given to study as well as fighting; for mighty men whom David had; Sam. Sam. Sam. in Hebrew the word chacham signifies a wise Chron. man: as this was no question in military Sam. affairs, if not in affairs of state, and other Chron. sorts of wisdom. Sam. επι οκτα Chron. lift up his spear against 300 The catalogue of David's mighty men in Samuel coincides with the catalogue in Chronicles, at this 11th verse; and in this one verse (so contradictory in the two chapters, and so remarkably defective in that of Samuel) there are more difficulties than in almost all the other verses united. Here then it will be necessary to make several observations, and those of some considerable length; especially, as the right understanding this one place will lead us easily to the true sense of many others, which would be else extremely difficult. 1. That the words of this verse, and of the verses following in these two chapters, originally contained the same sense-no one can doubt who has at all considered them, or will at any time carefully compare them. And hence it will follow, that, however different a word, or words, or the manner of expression may be in some verses of these two chapters (as it evidently is in many) yet the sense must have been, and should be still the same in both places; and where the sense is not now uniform, but manifestly contradictory, one of the two places must have been corrupted. 2. The next observation, which is of great importance to the truth of the history before us (and seems necessary to be established antecedently to any farther inquiries) concerns the exact number, and the superior or inferior rank of these celebrated warriors. was yet one hero remaining to be accounted for. See Sam. ix. 17, 18, 19, 22, 23; and Chron. xii. 15, 20, 21, 24, 25. Now the most rational and certain method of investigating the truth of these positions, and discovering the difference of rank among these thirty-seven heroes, is, to see first who are properly the thirty, so frequently mentioned in a body, and celebrated only by the name of 1, the mighty men. Here then we shall find, that there are exactly thirty enumerated after Asahel, the brother of Joab, Sam. xxiv. And from the thirty upward we meet with six names, which are Jashobeam, Eleazar, Shammah, Abishai, Benaiah, and Asahel; to which in Chronicles is prefixed (as before observed), Joab the captain-general, who certainly is considered as the first and chief of David's mighty men. Let us now see, how the notion of a division of the next six into a double series of three is supported by the history. And here (without rectifying at present some corrupted numbers on this subject) let us only observe, that in Chron. xx. it is said of Abishai, He was head of three, i.e. (as in the next verse, very remarkably)—Of the three he was more honourable than two, therefore he was their captain; but yet he attained not unto the three, i. e., not unto the three, which had been mentioned just before him; and were superior in honour, as they had been in merit. Again, it is said of Benaiah, who was next under Abishai (and therefore the second of the second ternary), Sam. xxii; Chron. xxiv., As to the number, we are expressly assured these things did Benaiah, and had a name in Samuel, ver. 39, that they were thirty and among three; and then, in the next words, seven in all. But then, how to make out he was more honourable than the thirty, but this number by a particular detail of the he attained not unto the three, i. e., the three several worthies in their order, has been the generals mentioned before Abishai, and subject of much disquisition, but does not superior to Abishai and himself. Now as appear to have been yet properly determined. Abishai, Joab's brother, was at the head of In both Samuel and Chronicles we fre- three, and Benaiah next under him was one quently have thirty of these thirty-seven of three; there must follow a third man to mentioned together, as a fixt and well-known complete this ternary: and the next man body of them, which were celebrated only being Asahel, another brother of the captainby the general name of mighty men. See general, we must conclude (as there is no Sam. xiii. 23, 24; Chron. xv. 25. And in other mentioned) that he was the third both chapters we have also frequent mention general of the second series, especially as of the number three; and sufficient reason he was evidently not one of the body of thirty, for concluding, that the remaining seven there being thirty expressly named after were divided into a double ternary, or two him. ranks different in dignity, and each rank If then Abishai, Benaiah and Asahel concontaining three heroes: consequently there stituted a second ternary of heroes, who |
