Notes and Queries

REPLIES:- Eobanus, 16 Writing known to Pindar: a
Homeric Society Suggested, 18-Dances mentioned in Sel-
den's "Table-Talk Naval Songs "Ultima Ratio
Regum"-An Etching Query The Silent Woman
Louis XIV. and Chevalier d'Ishington-Aggas's Map of
London, 1560-Execution of Louis XVI.-Latten or Bronze
Letters of Gottlieb Schick -Spanish Dollars The
Champion Whip - Medical Query-British Museum Dup-
licates-Prophecy of Louis-Philippe-James Keir, F.R.S.,
&c., 18.

Notes on Books &c.

CONTENTS.-N° 1.

OUR FOURTH SERIES.

"Unam Nauta manum notus Cutlaus habebat,

Filius at centum manibus complectitur orbem."

So.

regrets, as our thoughts turn to those who have dropped
one by one from our side as we have journeyed to our
present stand-point. Must we not at such a moment re-
member what we owe to that profound scholar and learned
divine, who wrote our opening address, and contributed
o largely to our early numbers to that acute critic
and unflinching advocate of truth, who has in our columns
thrown so much light on our secret history, both literary
and political to that distinguished scholar and states-
man, whose articles in NOTES AND QUERIES may be
numbered by hundreds, and whose last literary essay ap-
peared in its pages?

Were we at a moment like the present to forget these,
and the many other kind friends who have helped to
make us what we are, we should ill deserve a continu-
ance of that encouragement and assistance, without
which NOTES AND QUERIES would lose all its usefulness
-encouragement which we are happy to say we receive
at all hands-assistance which is still so liberally pro-
mised us, that we feel we are holding out no unfounded
expectation when we declare our belief that, like good
wine; NOTES AND QUERIES will improve with age (and
our own experience), and that our FOURTH SERIES Will
be found to be an excellent vintage.

E. L. S.

After eighteen years of, we hope, increasing usefulness,

and, we gratefully acknowledge, of increasing public fa-

vour, we are preparing to give an account of our recent

stewardship in the shape of a General Index to our Third

Series; and in the meantime we invite the attention of

our Friends and Readers to the Series which is here com-

menced.

In doing so we are specially gratified at being able to

point to the various interesting papers in the following
pages by those old and valued friends who contributed to
our opening number in November, 1849-who lent the
bantling a helping hand when he first tried to walk
alone, and now are ready to stand by him, as he does
his best to keep the crown of the causeway. We grate-
fully acknowledge their long-continued kindness, and the
more so, that we regard it as evidence of their recognition
of our endeavour to maintain the principle that all dis-
cussions in NOTES AND QUERIES shall be carried on in
a catholic, courteous, and friendly spirit, and of their
willingness, when we fail, to

One example of the talent of this celebrated
preacher as an emblematist or caricaturist has been
the subject of frequent comment in the pages of
"N. & Q." On that one occasion, and on that only,
does he appear to have exercised his satirical ta-
lent upon a subject which may be termed political.
By so doing he gave great offence in high quarters.
He represented, as I gather from the descriptions
of the picture given in your pages and elsewhere,
the Pope and his Council in the centre of the pic-
ture, and beneath, on one side the Armada, and on
the other the Gunpowder Treason. The print was
published in 1621, when Gondomar was in England
as Spanish Ambassador. He complained of it as
insulting to his master; and Ward, whose name
was engraved upon the print as the designer, was
thereupon sent for by a messenger. After ex-
amination by the Council, he was remitted to the
custody of the messenger. I have lately seen two
petitions of his, presented whilst he remained in
custody, which have relation to this affair, and
have never, I believe, been published. One of
them gives some additional particulars respecting
the history of his caricature, and both seem worthy
of a place in "N. & Q." The first was addressed
to the Council, apparently very shortly after Ward
had been before them, and whilst he seems to
have expected that there would be some proceed-

"Piece out our imperfections with their thoughts."

But this proud retrospect is not unalloyed with deep ings against him in the Star-Chamber:-

Nates.

THE CARICATURES OF SAMUEL WARD OF

IPSWICH.

"To the Right honorable the Lords of his Majesties
most honorable Privy Councell.

"The humble Petition of Samuell Warde.

"Whereas hee was charged with three Articles before your Lordships, whereunto hee hopeth hee hath given a satisfactorie answere, and doth in all things most humbly submitt himselfe to your Lordships.

"Hee doth in all submissive manner beseech your Lordships that hee may be discharged from legall and expensive proceedings, and dismissed to the attendance on his charge, promising to be more cautelous for the future, and ever to pray to God," &c.

It was probably intimated to him in reply to this petition, that he had given special offence to his majesty, who deemed the publication of the caricature to be an endeavour to excite in the country an anti-Spanish feeling, and thus to thwart the royal policy, which at that time aimed at alliance and union with Spain. Ward then addressed King James in the following words:

"To the Kings most excellent Majesty.
"The humble petition of Samuel Ward, committed
for publishing the picture of '88 and November

the 5th.
"Humblie shewing that this embleme was by him
composed, the english verses excepted, and some other
addicion of the Printers, five yeeres since, in imitacion of
auntient rites gratefully preserving the memories of ex-
traordinarie favors and deliverances in Coines, Arches,
and such like monuments, sent nigh a yeere since to the
printers, coupling the two grand blessings of God to this
nation, which Divines daylie ioyne in their thanksgivings
publique, without anie other sinister intencion, especiallie
of meddling in any of your Majesties secrett affaires : of
which at the tyme of the publishing your petitioner was
altogether ignorant, and yet heares nothing but by un-
certaine reportes As hee lookes for mercie of God and
to bee pertaker of your Royall clemency.

"May it therefore please your most excellent Majesty to accept of this declaration of your petitioners sinceritie, and after his close and chargable restraint, to restore him againe to the exercise of his funccion, wherein your peticioner as formerlie will most faithfully and fervently recommend both your person and intencions to the speciall direccion and blessing of the KING OF KINGS."

His con

The soft-hearted monarch was probably mollified by this appeal. Ward was released, and returned to Ipswich, where he never again meddled with Pope or King of Spain, but confined his talents in that way to the ornamentation of the title-pages of his published sermons. trast of the Old Times and the New on the titlepage of his Woe to Drunkards (Lond. 8vo, 1635), ought to be reckoned among emblems or caricatures, but does not seem to have been so regarded by writers on those branches of pictorial illustration. It is in two compartments. In the upper, entitled "Thus of Old," there is the muscular leg, and the foot firmly fixed in the stirrup, and armed with a powerful spur; and opposite are a mailed arm, and a gauntleted hand grasping a lance; with an open book in the centre of the compartment. In the lower compartment, entitled "Thus Now," there is a dwarfed leg and a slippered foot, the former ornamented with ribands

THOMAS CHURCHYARD AND THE ROMANCE
OF "FORTUNATUS."

It is known from his True Discourse historicall of the succeeding Governors in the Netherlands, 1602, and from other sources, that Thomas Churchyard served for some time during 1585, 1586, and 1587 in the wars of the Low Countries; and, as he was always fond of writing, he even then kept his pen employed. Among his other acquirements he learned Dutch or German; and while abroad he translated, or, as he terms it, "abstracted" the romance of Fortunatus, which had its origin on the Continent. When he returned to England he brought his manuscript with him, and published it under his initials "T. C.," which, before and afterwards, he prefixed to not a few of his productions, whether in prose or verse: The right pleasant and variable History of Fortunatus thus made its first appearance in English as "abstracted by T. C." The popularity of the romance was so great, that it became the foundation of a most celebrated play by Thomas Dekker, which was purchased by Henslowe for his theatre in 1599, and came out in a printed shape in 1600. There seems to have been even an older drama upon the subject, which had been acted in 1595, and of which it is most likely that Dekker availed himself; and hence we may be led to conclude that Churchyard's prose narrative had come out before 1595. Be that as it may, it is singular that, often and often as it must have been reprinted in the interval, the oldest known copy of the romance bears date about eighty years afterwards, and that has only very recently been discovered. It was then, as the title-page shows, "Printed by A. Purslow for George Saubridge, at the sign of the Bible on Luddgate Hill, near Fleet-Bridge 1676." 12mo.

Many later impressions published by "J. Blare on London Bridge," &c. are extant, but that of 1676 seems to be the only one which has preserved two copies of verses by Churchyard: at later dates it was, perhaps, not thought necessary to reprint them, because, as the price of

the chap-book was only twopence, the publisher seems to have fancied that the expense of adding the four pages might be avoided. Both pieces are highly characteristic of Churchyard, the first being headed "The Moral Documents and Considerations which are to be noted in this Book," and the other "The Sum and Argument" of the whole story. In the last, consisting of fifty-six lines, the old poet, with much ingenuity, compresses all the main incidents; but as the former is quite in his style of versification and reflection, and as neither has ever been hitherto noticed, perhaps it may be thought worth while here to subjoin "the moral documents" which Churchyard deduced from his narrative:

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Opposite each stanza Churchyard places references to the forty-seven chapters into which the work is divided, adding that what he has stated "appears by the whole course of the history, especially by the divers dispositions, and final destinies of Fortunatus and his two sons.' "The above verses are certainly not of much value in themselves, but they deserve preservation as a relic of a poet who was a writer of verse for nearly half a century before the demise of Elizabeth. It is worth adding, that the edition of 1676 is in black-letter-that the

numerous woodcuts are obviously from Dutch or German designs, and that, from their worn and worm-eaten state, it is probable they were the very same that were used for the work when it first came out in English anterior to the year J. PAYNE COLLIER.

1595.

Maidenhead, Xmas, 1867.

GEORGE TURBERVILE: A NEW-YEAR GIFT.

I never could quite reconcile myself to the phrase I wish you a merry Christmas. It has seemed to me, adopting the modern interpretations of merriment, as an incongruity. On further inquiry, this is my conclusion: the phrase is an archaism, and the word merry should be interpreted in accordance with the sense which it bore in early times, i. e. Pleasant, sweet, agreeable, etc. (Jos. Bosworth + Todd on Johnson).

The other wish of the season is beyond the reach of objection. Nevertheless, an incidental circumstance must here be recorded. Christmas day was formerly the commencement of a new year (T. D. Hardy)-so we now join the two wishes without the reason which prompted it!

To conciliate the lovers of folk-lore, I waive that point and proceed. When we salute our friends with A happy new-year to you! we unite the duties of charity and courtesy, and I hope the custom will never be laid aside. It has substantial claims to perpetuity.

The sympathising wish accepted, it rests with the receiver to turn it to account. The question is, What most contributes to happiness? I should be inclined to advocate, in plain prose, The culture of the wits; but I find the task so skilfully performed, and in attractive verse, that I avail myself of it without any misgiving as to their appreciation. It was set forth by a man of note, now seldom named, in the year 1567:

When, by the rebellion of O'Neil, in the latter years of the reign of Elizabeth, the greater part of the North of Ireland came to be at the disposal of the Crown, Sir Hugh Montgomery of Braidstane, a cadet of the Eglintoun family, managed affairs so judiciously at the court of James I., that the lands of O'Neil were, by a tripartite arrangement, divided between Braidstane, Hamilton, and O'Neil. The latter was Chief of Ulster, and held the district by the Celtic law of tanistry, which, being illegal, no doubt had its influence in bringing him into the schemes of Montgomery. Letters patent to this effect passed the great seal of Ireland on the 16th April, 1605. At that time the North of Ireland, it is said, resembled the wilds of America, with this difference, that it was not "encumbered with great woods to be felled and grubbed," but nearly as desolate in point of population. Under the leadership of Montgomery, who became Viscount of Ardes in 1622, the colony of Scots, with whom he had peopled Ulster, speedily became a thriving community. Upwards of a thousand settlers, chiefly from Ayrshire, including tradesmen of all kinds, followed him at first, and numerous others found their way across the channel in subsequent years. It was these people who introduced the manufacture of linen, which ultimately became the staple trade of the district, and it was by their means that Protestantism took such a prominent position in the North of Ireland. Though the family of the Viscount has failed in the male line, and the title of Mount-Alexander is extinct, yet there are branches of the Montgomery and other Scottish families, who, springing out of this settlement, have taken root and still flourish.

Amongst those who joined the community from Scotland, some years afterwards, was "Mr. Alexander Montgomery," whom the Viscount of Ardes settled near Derry; and, being a minister, he became prebend of Do. There is no appearance of Do having been connected with a cathedral; but that he was an Episcopalian is confirmed by what the author of The Montgomery Manu

scripts tells us. "When debarred," says the
writer, "by the Presbyterians to use the Word,
he took the sword, and valiantly wielded the same
against the Irish; and he got a command, in which
grand rebellion [about 1641] in Ireland, and never
he served diverse years in the beginning of the
turned tail on the King's cause, nor was Cove-
nanter, so he well deserved the satisfaction which
his posterity has for his said services before June
1649." The author further says, he lived till
1658, and quotes the following epitaph, which he
had from "Mr. Alexander M'Causland
"Now he to nature his last debt bequeaths,

Who, in his life, charged through a thousand deaths.
One man yhave seldom seen on stage to doe
The parts of Samuell and of Sampson too;
Fitt to convince or hew an Agag down,
Fierce in his arms and priestlike in his gown.
These characters were due as all may see
To our divine and brave Montgomery.
Now judge with what a courage he will rise
When the last trumpet sounds the great assize."

Montgomery could thus wield the Word or the sword with equal power. He married Margaret Coningham, sister of Sir Arthur Coningham, an ancestor of the Marquis of Conyngham. By this lady he had at least two sons, the eldest of whom, John, was a major in "the third viscount's party,' and was taken prisoner "by the usurper's soldiers," during the Cromwellian struggle. He was proprietor of several estates-amongst others, Castle Aghray, in the county of Donegal. At his death his will was recorded in the Probate Court, Dublin, on the 28th August, 1679; and, singular enough, adhibited to his signature are the arms of the Montgomeries of Hessilheid, with the initials "A. M." above. Major John left a family, whose descendants still enjoy the property; and one of them, with the true Montgomery penchant for arms, is a brigadier-general in the Bombay army, and may now be on his way to Abyssinia.

This brings us to inquire whether Captain Alexander Montgomery, author of "The Cherrie and the Slae," had a family. Although one of the best and most celebrated poets of his age, little is known of his personal history. When Dr. Irving printed his Lives of the Scottish Poets, in 1802, he literally knew nothing of him, save a few inferences derived from his writings, to which he added his belief that he belonged to the Eglintoun family. When he published the collected poems of Montgomery, however, in 1822, he brought proof enough that he was of the Hessilheid branch-the first of whom was Hugh, third son of Alexander, Master of Montgomery, and grandson of the first Lord Montgomery. The poet was the second son of Hugh Montgomery, third laird of Hessilheid. He was born, not at

Published at Belfast in 1830.

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