1766. I returned to London in February, and found Dr. Johnson in a good house in Johnson's-court, FleetEtat. 57. street, in which he had accommodated Miss Williams with an apartment on the ground floor, while Mr. Levet occupied his post in the garret: his faithful Francis was still attending upon him. He received me with much kindness. The fragments of our first conversation, which I have preserved, are these: I told him that Voltaire, in a conversation with me, had distinguished Pope and Dryden thus:-" Pope drives a handsome chariot, with a couple of neat trim nags; Dryden a coach, and six stately horses." JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, the truth is, they both drive coaches and six; but Dryden's horses are either galloping or stumbling: Pope's go at a steady even trot." He said of Goldsmith's "Traveller," which had been published in my absence, "There has not been so fine a poem since Pope's time."

And here it is proper to settle, with authentick precision, what has long floated in publick report, as to Johnson's being himself the authour of a considerable part of that poem. Much, no doubt, both of the sentiments and expression, were derived from conversation with him; and it was certainly submitted to his friendly revision but in the year 1783, he at my request, marked with a pencil the lines which he had furnished, which are only line 420th.

"To stop too fearful, and too faint to go;"

and the concluding ten lines, except the last couplet
but one, which I distinguish by the Italick character:
"How small of all that human hearts endure,
"That part which kings or laws can cause or cure.
"Still to ourselves in every place consign'd,
"Our own felicity we make or find;

1 It is remarkable that Mr. Gray has employed somewhat the same image to characterise Dryden. He, indeed, furnishes his car with but two horses; but they are of "ethereal race :"

"Behold where Dryden's less presumptuous car,

"Wide o'er the fields of glory bear

"Two coursers of ethereal race,

"With necks in thunder cloath'd, and long resounding pace."

Ode on the Progress of Peess

"With secret course, which no loud storms annoy,
"Glides the smooth current of domestick joy:
"The lifted axe, the agonizing wheel,
"Luke's iron crown, and Damien's bed of steel,
"To men remote from power, but rarely known,
"Leave reason, faith, and conscience, all our own."

He added, "These are all of which I can be sure."
They bear a small proportion to the whole, which con-
sists of four hundred and thirty-eight verses. Gold-
smith, in the couplet which he inserted, mentions
Luke as a person well known, and superficial readers
have passed it over quite smoothly; while those of
more attention have been as much perplexed by Luke,
as by Lydiat, in "The Vanity of Human Wishes."
The truth is, that Goldsmith himself was in a mistake.
"In the Respublica Hungarica," there is an account of
a desperate rebellion in the year 1514, headed by two
brothers, of the name of Zeck, George and Luke.
When it was quelled, George, not Luke, was punished
by his head being encircled with a red hot iron crown:
"corona candescente ferred coronatur." The same se-
verity of torture was exercised on the Earl of Athol,
one of the murderers of King James I. of Scotland.2

Dr. Johnson at the same time favoured me by marking the lines which he furnished to Goldsmith's "Deserted Village," which are only the last four:

"That trade's proud empire hastes to swift decay,
"As ocean sweeps the labour'd mole away:
"While self-dependent power can time defy,
"As rocks resist the billows and the sky."

Talking of education, "People have now a-days, (said he,) got a strange opinion that every thing should be taught by lectures. Now, I cannot see that lectures can do so much good as reading the books from which the lectures are taken. I know nothing that can be best taught by lectures, except where experiments are

2 [On the iron crown, see Mr. Steevens's note 7, on Act iv. Sc. i. of RICHARD III. It seems to be alluded to in MACBETH, Act iv. Sc. i." Thy crown does sear," &c. See also Gough's Camden, vol. iii. p. 396. I. B.]

1766.

Ætat. 57.

1766. to be shewn. You may teach chymistry by lectures. -You might teach making of shoes by lectures!"

Etat.

57.

At night I supped with him at the Mitre Tavern, that we might renew our social intimacy at the original place of meeting. But there was now a considerable difference in his way of living. Having had an illness, in which he was advised to leave off wine, he had, from that period, continued to abstain from it, and drank only water, or lemonade.

I told him that a foreign friend of his, whom I had met with abroad, was so wretchedly perverted to infidelity, that he treated the hopes of immortality with brutal levity; and said, "As man dies like a dog, let him lie like a dog.' JOHNSON. "If he dies like a dog, let him lie like a dog." I added, that this man said to me, "I hate mankind, for I think myself one of the best of them, and I know how bad I am." JOHNSON. "Sir, he must be very singular in his opinion, if he thinks himself one of the best of men; for none of his friends think him so."-He said, "No honest man could be a Deist; for no man could be so after a fair examination of the proofs of Christianity." I named Hume. JOHNSON. "No, Sir; Hume owned to a clergyman in the bishoprick of Durham, that he had never read the New Testament with attention."-I mentioned Hume's notion, that all who are happy are equally happy; a little miss with a new gown at a dancingschool ball, a General at the head of a victorious army, and an orator, after having made an eloquent speech in a great assembly. JOHNSON. "Sir, that all who are happy, are equally happy, is not true. A peasant and a philosopher may be equally satisfied, but not equally happy. Happiness consists in the multiplicity of agreeable consciousness. A peasant has not capacity for having equal happiness with a philosopher." I remember this very question very happily illustrated in opposition to Hume, by the Reverend Mr. Robert Brown, at Utrecht. "A small drinking-glass and a large one, (said he,) may be equally full; but the large one holds more than the small."3

3 [Bishop Hall, in discussing this subject, has the same image: "Yet so conceive

Dr. Johnson was very kind this evening, and said to 1766. "You have now lived five-and-twenty years, and Etat. you have employed them well." "Alas, Sir, (said I,) 57.

me,

I fear not. Do I know history? Do I know mathematicks! Do I know law?" JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, though you may know no science so well as to be able to teach it, and no profession so well as to be able to follow it, your general mass of knowledge of books and men renders you very capable to make yourself master of any science, or fit yourself for any profession." I mentioned that a gay friend had advised me against being a lawyer, because I should be excelled by plodding block-heads. JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, in the formulary and statutory part of law, a plodding block-head may excel; but in the ingenious and rational part of it a plodding block-head can never excel."

I talked of the mode adopted by some to rise in the world, by courting great men, and asked him whether he had ever submitted to it. JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, I never was near enough to great men, to court them. You may be prudently attached to great men, and yet independent. You are not to do what you think wrong; and, Sir, you are to calculate, and not pay too dear for what you get. You must not give a shilling's worth of court for sixpence worth of good. But if you can get a shilling's worth of good for sixpence worth of court, you are a fool if you do not pay court."

He said, "If convents should be allowed at all, they should only be retreats for persons unable to serve the publick, or who have served it. It is our first duty to serve society; and, after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our own souls. A youthful passion for abstracted devotion should not be encouraged."

I introduced the subject of second sight, and other mysterious manifestations; the fulfilment of which, I suggested, might happen by chance. JOHNSON. "Yes, Sir, but they have happened so often, that mankind have agreed to think them not fortuitous."

of these heavenly degrees, that the least is glorious. So do these vessels differ, that all are full." EPISTLES, Dec. üi. cp. 6. “ Of the different degrees of heavenly glory," &c. M.]

1766. I talked to him a great deal of what I had seen in Ætat. Corsica, and of my intention to publish an account of 57. it. He encouraged me by saying, "You cannot go to the bottom of the subject; but all that you tell us will be new to us. Give us as many anecdotes as you can." Our next meeting at the Mitre was on Saturday the 15th of February, when I presented to him my old and most intimate friend, the Reverend Mr. Temple, then of Cambridge. I having mentioned that I had passed some time with Rousseau in his wild retreat, and having quoted some remark made by Mr. Wilkes, with whom I had spent many pleasant hours in Italy, Johnson said, (sarcastically,) "It seems, Sir, you have kept very good company abroad, Rousseau and Wilkes!" Thinking it enough to defend one at a time, I said nothing as to my gay friend, but answered with a smile, "My dear Sir, you don't call Rousseau bad company. Do you really think him a bad man?" JOHNSON. "Sir, if you are talking jestingly of this, I don't talk with you. If you mean to be serious, I think him one of the worst of men; a rascal, who ought to be hunted out of society, as he has been. Three or four nations have expelled him and it is a shame that he is protected in this country." BoS WELL. "I don't deny, Sir, but that his novel may, perhaps, do harm; but I cannot think his intention was bad." JOHNSON. "Sir, that will not do.

We cannot prove any man's intention to be bad. You may shoot a man through the head, and say you intended to miss him; but the Judge will order you to be hanged. An alleged want of intention, when evil is committed, will not be allowed in a court of justice. Rousseau, Sir, is a very bad man. I would sooner sign a sentence for his transportation, than that of any felon who has gone from the Old Bailey, these many years. Yes, I should like to have him work in the plantations." BOSWELL. "Sir, do you think him as bad a man as Voltaire?" JOHNSON. "Why, Sir, it is difficult to settle the proportion of iniquity between them."

This violence seemed very strange to me, who had read many of Rousseau's animated writings with great