Paralysis. There are twelve forms of paralysis, each form having a special form of treatment which is based upon attacking the exciting cause. It is impossible here to deal with them.

Rheumatism.-A good form of liniment for painful rheumatism, with unbroken skin, is made of aconite, belladonna, opium, and compound camphor liniments, of each a quarter of an ounce, compound soap liniment one ounce. This is poison and should be used with caution.

Rigors (from rigeo, "I am cold") familiarly known as the " shivers" and often connected with ague, and certain forms of disease which result in a rise of temperature notwithstanding the cold feeling. Rigors are also always present during the formation of pus (matter) in the system.

Rupture or Hernia.-When

this cannot

to

be reduced, place the patient in a warm bath, the knees bent, let him inhale a little chloroform, or give him a full dose of laudanum. Some practitioners give antimonial wine cause nausea, others invert the patient with a view of emptying the sac of fluid, others apply ice to the tumour. After the patient under the influence of the remedy, the tumour must be grasped fully and dexterously (but not harshly), and manipulated with a view to reduction. Do not use force; never give purgatives; and do not delay summoning a medical

man.

Snake Bites.-Ligature the part and excise around it as for a dog bite, encourage bleeding, and inject with a hypodermic syringe a five per cent. solution of carbolic acid, permanganate of potash, or nitro-hydrochloric acid. Give full doses of sal-volatile frequently, or strong hot brandy and water. If difficulty of breathing sets in, place strong mustard plasters on the chest. If collapse threatens resort to artificial respiration. (See "Breathing.")

Sore Throats (Infant's).-For infants who have sore mouths, take 3 drachms of glycerine of borax, a teaspoonful of warmed honey, and 10 grains of nitrate of potash (saltpetre). Mix well together, and apply to the inside of the mouth with the little finger.

Scalds. See "Burns." Stings. See "Bites."

Soothing Syrup.-Tincture of opium, 15 drops; nitrate of potash, 40 grains; syrup of saffron, I OZ. Mix well together, a little to be placed on the finger and rubbed into the child's gums Occasionally.

Strangulation. See "Hanging."

Sudden Death.-As soon as Our arterial blood ceases to circulate, we die. There are two forms of death associated with the stoppage of arterial circulation (a) Anaemia, when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart, and (b) Asthenia, when there is failure of the heart's muscular action. There is a form of death called syncope, which may be a combination of the two, and is really death by fainting. Death may be caused by circulation of venous blood instead of arterial, as in (a) Apnea, where no air goes to the lungs-as in drowning-and (b) by Coma, when the patient has not the power to use his chest muscles to breathe with.

Sunstroke or heat apoplexy.-Symptoms: Faintness, nausea, vomiting, and failure of heart's action. Treatment: Cold douche, ice bladders to head, wet packing, large doses of antipyrin (if unable to swallow, inject ammonia, hypodermically), strychnia or coffee, blisters to nape of the neck, no stimulants.

Tonics.-Tonics are given for the purpose of

imparting a tone to some of the tissues or component parts of the body, and improving some particular function thereby.

The best and simplest tonic to use for loss of tone and appetite is a quassia cup, which when filled with water, turns the latter into a bitter infusion of quassia. If the blood requires tone,

administer iron in the form of the ammonia citrate 5 to 10 grains in a wineglassful of water; or the tincture of steel 5 to 10 drops in the same quantity of water. Sometimes the nerves lose their tone, in this case give the compound tincture of quinine, one teaspoonful in water occasionally. Where it is necessary to impart tone to the blood and the nervous system simultaneously give 5 to 10 grains of the citrate of iron and quinine, or 5 grains of the citrate of iron and strychnine, or perhaps a more elegant remedy is found in Easton's Syrup, which may be given in doses of from 40 to 60 drops in a small wineglassful of water.

Vomiting-to arrest.-The drugs specially used for this purpose are the carbonate of bismuth, the oxalate of cerium, and opiates. A very good ready-made preparation is "Seller's Compound Bismuth (or Cerium) Mixture," twenty drops for a dose in an ounce of water. Amongst other remedies are ice, or mustard plasters to the pit of the stomach, lime water, soda water, champagne, and hydrocyanic acid.

Vomiting Blood. -Always remember that blood vomited from the stomach is nearly black, whilst blood (apparently) vomited from the lungs is of a bright red colour. Blood vomiting is associated principally with an ulcerated stomach. Give large doses of astringents, such as the acid infusion of roses, alum, &c., also opium and ice, and keep the patient in the recumbent posture in a cool atmosphere.

Wounds are of six kinds.-Incised, lacerated, contused, punctured, poisoned, and gunshot. Generally speaking, it is necessary to keep all wounds disinfected, for which purpose a one or two per cent. solution of carbolic acid in water may be used. Try to induce union in simple wounds by "the first intention" by cleanliness, and approximation and support of the parts, and in contused and lacerated wounds to replace the tissues in the most favourable positions, and to keep up the vitality of the injured parts, In punctured wounds don't close them up too prematurely or before ascertaining the exact amount of the lesion, and in poisoned wounds excise the part or apply the actual or chemical cautery (see Bites).

ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS.

Aconite.-See "Monks Hood."

Ammonia.-Fumes from.-Inhale the fumes of boiling vinegar or acetic or hydrochloric acid. Arsenic. Induce vomiting, and give an emetic of sulphate of zinc.

Belladonna.-Give stimulants, such as brandy and opium which antagonises the action of this drug.

Cantharides.-Avoid giving anything oily, and give emetics and demulcents.

Carbonic Acid Gas.-Artificial respiration and bleeding.

Charcoal.-Artificial respiration and bleeding. Chloroform vapour of.-Fresh air, draw tongue forward, artificial respiration, ammonia to the nose, loosen the neck, encourage breathing to return.

Colchicum.-Stimulants, warmth, emetics and external friction,

Nitrate of Silver. - Lunar caustic, copious draughts of salt water.

Opium. - Stomach pump, sulphate of zinc emetic or mustard, tannin, animal charcoal, cold to the head, artificial respiration; keep patient awake by slapping, pricking, or pinching, and galvanize.

Oxalic Acid (or Salt of Lemons).—Give chalk, whiting, induce vomiting, use stomach pump, and give emetics.

Phosphorus.-Emetics and magnesia.

Potash.-Vinegar, lemon-juice, oils, demulcent drinks, emetics.

Rat Poison.-Usually made of arsenic, sometimes, but rarely, strychnia is used.

Strychnia.

Emetics, stomach pump, and charcoal administered thereby, chloroform during the spasms.

Abscess. Belladonna and Mercurius alternately every 3 hours; then 3 or 4 doses of Hepar Sulphur followed by Calcarea. Apply bread or linseed poultice if pain is great.

Apoplexy. Aconite, Belladonna or Opium every 15 min. For a sudden attack, with heavy breathing and coma, Hyoscyamus at same intervals. Send for medical man instantly. For symptoms, see p. 265.

Asthma.-Arsenicum, Ipecacuanha, and Nux Vom. are the most serviceable remedies.

Ague.-Principal medicines are China, Arsenicum, Nux Vom. and Cedron, but much depends on_symptoms.

Bleeding from Nose.-Apply ice or cold water to the nose, keep the head elevated, give Hamamelis or Belladonna every 15 min.

Boils. - Apply bread and milk or linseed poultices; take Belladonna every 4 hours. Hepar Sulphur after matter is formed. As a preventive, take Sulphur occasionally.

Bronchitis. Bryonia, in alternation with Aconite when fever is present, and with Phosphorus or Kali Bichr. at a later stage. Antimonium tart. is also useful.

Bruises. Twenty drops of Arnica lotion to a wine-glass of water; apply this on rag at frequent intervals. If skin is broken, use Calendula instead of Arnica. If severe, take 3 or 4 doses of Rhus. Tox, or Bryonia.

Burns and Scalds.-Apply Cantharis liniment on cotton wool or lint, and cover with oil-silk to exclude air. Give a dose of Cantharis every hour or so. Concussion of the Brain. Belladonna every hour; if from a blow, alternate with Arnica; if fever, Aconite.

Convulsions.-Place in warm bath for 10 min. or so, and afterwards wrap in warm flannel and give Belladonna or Chamomilla in small doses (say 4 drops to tumbler of water, a teaspoonful every 15 min.). If caused by fright, Hyoscyamus; if from teething or worms, Ignatia or Cina.

Croup. Put in warm bath at once, or apply cloths wrung out in hot water to the neck and cover with flannel. Give Aconite and Spongia alternately every 15 min. till attack abates, then every hour. Dose as in last paragraph.

Cough. For ordinary catarrhal cough, Bryonia, Mercurius or Phosphorus. For whooping cough, Ipecacuanha in alternation with Belladonna first, and with Drosera later; Cuprum or Hyoscyamus if convulsive symptoms come on.

Diphtheria. For feverish symptoms, Aconite; then Acidum Muriaticum and Lachesis alternately every hour. Rinse out mouth and gargle with dilute solution of Condy's fluid, and on no account kiss patient's lips or touch with the naked fingers any growth that may come away from the throat. Send for medical man at once.

Diarrhoea.-Arsenicum or Dulcamara are the chief medicines, or if symptoms very bad, Mercurius or Veratrum. For dysentric diarrhoea, Colocynth or Merc. cor. in alternation with Ipec.

Epileptic Attacks. -Send for doctor immediately; meantime, give 3 drops of Belladonna in water and repeat in half an hour.

Erysipelas.-Belladonna and Rhus. tox. alternately, with aconite if much fever. Lachesis when ulceration comes on.

Fainting. Follow treatment advised on p. 308, and give 2 drops of Camphor tincture on a small piece of sugar or in water.

Hysteria.-Dash cold water in the face, or extemporise a douche by using a garden syringe and syringing the head. Give Ignatia every 15 min. till the attack has passed away, then every 3 hours. Lumbago.-Rhus. tox. or Cimicifuga, with Aconite if fever is present.

Measles.--Pulsatilla is the chief remedy, with Aconite if fever is present, with Bryonia afterwards.

Quinsy.-Baryta Carb. or Hepar Sulphur with Aconite if much fever, or Arsenicum if great prostration.

Rupture. If the protruding part cannot be pushed back into its place, send for doctor and give Aconite and Nux Vom. alternately every 15

minutes.

Scarlet Fever.-Aconite to reduce the fever, then Belladonna, followed later by Arsenicum or Sulphur. Gelsemimum is also useful.

Sprains and Strains.-Keep constantly applied cloths moistened with Arnica lotion (20 drops to a wine-glass of water), or if skin is broken substitute Calendula or Rhus, tox. 'Bryonia or Rhus. may also be given internally every 3 or 4 hours.

Sunstroke.-Bathe the head with brandy and a little water, and give a teaspoonful internally at intervals until the prominent symptoms have abated. Then give 2 drops of Camphor every half hour, followed, after 4 or 5 doses, by Belladonna, 2 drops at same intervals.

Vomiting. Kreasotum or Arsenicum.