in that kingdom, of which he has ever been considered the patron saint. The tradition of his having driven all snakes and reptiles out of Ireland is well known; the shamrock too is said to have been assumed as the Irish national emblem, from S. Patrick having used it to illustrate the doctrine of the Holy Trinity. After enduring many persecutions and hardships, S. Patrick is reported to have died at Down, in Ulster, at the age of a hundred and twenty-three. He is commemorated in the Church of Rome on March 17th, and has seven Churches in England named in his honour. He is represented in full episcopal habit, with snakes and other reptiles before him, sometimes touching them with the bottom of his crosier, as if driving them away.

S. Paul. See January 25th, p. 40.

S. Paulinus, B., A.D. 644. A disciple of S. Gregory the Great, sent by him into England to aid S. Augustine in extending Christianity there. He was sent to preach the faith to Edwyn, king of Northumbria, and was the means of converting him and his nobles, and many thousands of his subjects, of which the Venerable Bede gives a most interesting accounts. King Edwyn immediately after his baptism, commenced the Cathedral of York, of which see S. Paulinus was the first Archbishop, but being slain in battle against Penda, the pagan king of Mercia, a violent persecution ensued amongst the Christians of

Eccl. Hist., b. ii. c. 13, 14.

66

Northumbria, and S. Paulinus returned to Kent, where he presided over the see of Rochester till his death. He is described to us in Bede1, as tall of stature, a little stooping, his hair black, his visage meagre, his nose slender and aquiline, his aspect both venerable and majestic." He is commemorated in the old English calendar on October 10th. The Churches of Paul's Cray, and Crayford, in Kent, and S. Paul, Cornwall, are dedicated in his name.

S. Peter. See Calendar, June 29th, p. 84.

S. Petrock, C., A.D. 564. Was a native of Wales, he first passed over into Ireland, where he spent twenty years in studying the Scriptures, and then went into Cornwall, where he founded a monastery, at a place called after him Petroc-stow, now Padstow. He afterwards retired from Padstow to Bodmin, where he founded a second monastery, which was one of the most celebrated in that part of the kingdom, and was made an episcopal see A.D. 905. S. Petrock died at Bodmin on June 4th, the day of his commemoration, and his relics were kept there till they were stolen by one of the canons in 1178, and carried to S. Meen's monastery in Bretagne; the king of England however procured their return, and they were remaining at Bodmin in Leland's time. His great popularity in this part of the kingdom is attested by thirteen Churches being named in his honour, including Padstow and Bodmin ; four of these h Eccl. Hist., b. ii. c. 16.

are in Cornwall, and nine in Devonshire.

Some writers make two saints of this name, one of Padstow, and one of Bodmin, but there does not appear to be sufficient ground for this conclusion.

S. Philip. See Calendar, May 1st, p. 70.

S. Pinnock is commemorated at the Church and village of S. Pinnock, Cornwall.

S. Piran, or Kyeran, c. 460. Was born of noble blood in the province of Ossory, in Ireland: and led an eremitical life in a cell he had built for himself, at a place in King's county, now called after him Seir Kyeran. From this retired spot, though far advanced in years, he was induced to go forth as a missionary into Cornwall, where he landed on the west coast early in the fifth century near the place still called after him, Piran in Zabuloe, where he built a cell and oratory and passed the remainder of his days, being buried in the Chapel he had built. The rapid accumulation of the shifting sands peculiar to that part of the coast is supposed to have completely buried this oratory, probably at no great lapse of time from the death of the saint, but tradition ever kept alive the exact spot, and the hill of sand which overwhelmed it was long a favourite burial-place; in the sixteenth century it is mentioned by Camden as a little Chapel now buried in the sand, dedicated to S. Piran of Ireland, "who lies interred within it." But a few years ago the shifting sand hills which had so long engulphed this interesting relic began to

move, and after the lapse of nearly 1000 years the Chapel of S. Piran was restored to view in as perfect a state as when first buried, and the tomb of the saint found within the chancel-screen at the east end undisturbed, a most interesting account of which has been published by the Rev. W. Haslam1. S. Piran is commemorated on March 5, and in addition to this Church of Piran in Zabuloe, Piran Arworthal Church, Cornwall, is named after him. Piran Uthnoe, in the same county, is said to be dedicated to S. Uthnoe, though the name of the village is evidently derived from S. Piran; the Church of S. Kerrian, Exeter, is also supposed to be named in honour of this saint.

S. Pratt. The Church of Blisland, Cornwall, has this dedication.

S. Probus, C. Was commemorated on February 5th; the Church of S. Probus, Cornwall, which was formerly collegiate, is dedicated in his name.

S. Quinton, M., A.D. 287. Was a native of Rome, and of noble family, and held a high command in the army, but having embraced Christianity, he resigned all chances of worldly preferment, and undertook a mission into Gaul to preach the Gospel there, where he converted many by his preaching, his miracles, and his holy life. He was arrested at Amiens during the persecution of Diocletian, and after many barbarous tortures he perfected his martyrdom by death

i London, 1844. See Archæological Journal, vol. ii. p. 227, &c.

on October 31st, the day on which he was commemorated. Frome in Dorsetshire has its Church named in his honour. His usual emblem is a spit, upon which he is said to have been impaled.

See pp. 217, 251.

SS. Quiricus and Julietta. S. Radegund, Q., A.D. 587. Was the daughter of a petty king of Thuringia, and was taken captive in an incursion of the Franks into her father's territory while quite a child. She fell to the share of Clothaire, fifth king of France, who educated her with the view of making her his queen, and it seems that from her attendants she first learnt the doctrines of Christianity, which she embraced with much fervour, and longed to become a virgin saint. She was, however, forced to become the wife of King Clothaire, but shortly after obtained his consent to retire to the cloister. She founded a monastery at Poictiers, but declined to become the abbess, and passed her life there under obedience to one whom she had raised to that dignity, in great holiness and piety. She died on August 13th, (being about sixty-eight years of age,) on which day she was commemorated. She is represented as a queen, with a royal crown at her feet; and in allusion to the legend that wild beasts associated with her without fear, she generally has two wolves or other wild beasts near her. There was formerly a large nunnery named in her honour at Cambridge, the chapel of which still forms the chapel of Jesus College. The other Churches dedicated in