LATE ALDERMAN, AND FORMERLY LORD MAYOR, AND ONE OF THE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE CITY OF LONDON.

THE

HE metropolis of the United Kingdom, if it has not actually produced, must be allowed to have selected a long series of bold, intrepid, and not unfrequently, enlightened senators, to represent it in Parliament. Eminently loyal itself, in the best sense of the word, on every great occasion, it has exhibited an ardent love of liberty, superadded to a certain tenaciousness, not only of its own privileges, but those also of the community at large. The example was first given during the reign of James II., and still continues to operate with efficacy on the whole body of the commonwealth. At the Revolution, William III. found a powerful support in the zeal and enterprise of the citizens of London; and no corporation in the three kingdoms displayed a greater degree of attachment at the accession of George I. when the present illustrious family was happily seated on the throne of these realms.

The peculiar and extraordinary privilege of sending four members to parliament, has enabled the livery to nominate a long and respectable list, of which it would be in vain to look for, a parallel in any county, city, or borough in the Empire. It is only necessary, indeed, to recapitulate their names, to obtain a full assent to this proposition. Of Sir John Bernard and Sir Stephen Theodore Janson, the one obtained the spontaneous praise of the first William Pitt (afterwards Earl of Chatham), while the other, whose integrity became proverbial, was only inferior to the Russells, the Sidneys, and the Hampdens of a former day, in consequence of the difference of the times in which he lived. Beckford, at once a member and Lord Mayor, introduced magnificence into the city, and was the first who entertained foreign monarchs at the Mansion House*, while he occasionally opposed the ministers of his own king in the House of Commons. Oliver, his successor, followed the same track, and rendered his name celebrated, by vindicating the franchises of the city, in the case of the Printers, for which he was sent to the Tower, in consequence of having committed the Serjeant at Arms, although provided with the written authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons, to the Poultry Compter. The more recent names of Townshend, Sawbridge, and Combe, are familiar to us all. They lived in our own times, and constantly asserted and practised the ancient, and almost obsolete doctrine, that the representative is strictly bound by the instructions of his constituents.

Harvey Christian Combe, whose talents and uniform integrity rendered him worthy of being associated with his predecessors, was born in the county of Hants, in the year 1752. He was the eldest son of an eminent attorney at Andover, on whose death, a landed estate of 5001. a year devolved to him, and he might have succeeded to a practice still more profitable, had he been inclined to follow the profession of his father. But the law appears to have been uninviting, and

* The King of Denmark was astonished at his superb reception by his lordship.

almost odious to the whole family; for, while his two younger brothers eagerly rushed into the army, he himself, after attaining a good provincial education resolved to dedicate his life to commerce.

But as the country did not afford a sufficient scope for his ambition, young Combe repaired to the capital, and entered into the corn trade. The house of his maternal uncle, the late Boyce Trees, who was then a very eminent factor, afforded him ample opportunities for learning all the arcana of this very important and profitable branch. While in the office of his relation, he addicted himself to business with an uncommon degree of assiduity, and his new home and manner of life, perhaps, were still more endeared to him by the charms of his lovely cousin, Catharine. Their affections proving mutual, a marriage in due time ensued; and on the death of the gentleman who united in his own person the character of both uncle and fatherin-law, Mr. Combe succeeded to the business. There is a certain tact in the city by which rising men appear to be known to each other, so that their future fortunes are prognosticated with a degree of certainty that may seem singular and extraordinary to the uninitiated. Accordingly, an attorney of great acuteness, (Mr. Rudd) although he had only seen the subject of this memoir occasionally at a whist club, after enquiring into his character and connexions, hailed him, while yet a very young man, as the future representative and lord mayor of the metropolis. A distinguished member of the corporation *, who

* Mr. Alderman Sawbridge. Of this gentleman the following brief account is taken from a tract now become very scarce :

"He was descended from one of the most honourable and ancient families in Kent, whose ancestors frequently represented that county in Parliament. He inherited a good fortune, and very early in life captivated a lady with a fortune of 100,000l. This lady died in less than a twelvemonth, and rewarded the kindness of Mr. Sawbridge with the whole of her fortune.

"Mr. Wilkes introduced this gentleman into the practice of politics, and, in the theory, he had made a very rapid progress under the auspices of (his sister) Mrs. Macaulay.

"He was sheriff in 1768, in conjunction with the late James Townshend, Esq.

"In defiance of a threat of a bill of pains and penalties, held out by Government, he persevered in his duty, and returned Mr. Wilkes to Parliament five successive times, notwithstanding a resolution of the House of Commons, since declared illegal.

"A schoolboy friendship introduced him to the notice of Lord Chatham, through whom he was brought into Parliament, and this mutual friendship reflected honour on

had occupied both situations with no common degree of credit, contributed to verify this prediction. It was he who first introduced the subject of this memoir to that great municipal body, to whose charge is entrusted the care of the rights and the franchises of the city; and it was he too, who by his influence and advice, and it may be added his patronage, paved the way for the respectable station of an alderman. This event afterwards conducted the fortunate candidate to all the remaining honours of the metropolis, such as the shrievalty, the pretorian chair, and the still greater, because more permanent distinction, of one of the representatives.

Meanwhile Mr. Combe aspired to greater distinction in the commercial as well as in the political world. On looking around him, he beheld not only the superior but the most opulent classes engaged in trade to consist chiefly of brewers. The Ladd's had become baronets. The descendants of the Thrales had formed an alliance with one of the most ancient of the Scottish nobility; while the Whitbreads, after purchasing landed estates, to an immense amount, in the county of Bedford, now shone in the British senate with unrivalled splendour; and, in the person of the son of the founder of that house, seemed to eclipse the aristocracy both in magnificence and in talents.

It is not a little remarkable, that all these great capitalists both rose and flourished in the borough of Southwark; and this too within a few hundred yards of each other. Mr. Combe, who deemed it no great transition to convert his

each. The Peer aided by his influence one who wanted his patronage, and the party obliged repaid it by proper but independent exertions of gratitude and genius.

"He (Mr. Alderman Sawbridge) was the constant and unshaken advocate of parliamentary reform, and the sworn enemy to corruption; a man of talents, a man of education, and an useful speaker.

"He was an alderman of the ward of Langbourne, by which he was much esteemed. was never in any place, was steady in his principles, inviolable in his friendship, and consistent in his politics; he was a staunch Whig.

"In private life he was benevolent, hospitable, and sincere. He possessed all the manners and accomplishments of the gentleman and the man of fashion. Mr. Sawbridge died in 1794."

barley into malt, at length determined to establish a great brewery in the neighbourhood of Bedford Square, as this new portion of the metropolis possessed the desirable advantages of a central situation and an increasing neighbourhood. Having selected two opulent friends as partners*, a capital was speedily collected out of their joint wealth; and the projector lived to behold this new house, trading under the firm of Gifford and Co. +, become the fourth or fifth, in point of importance, in the metropolis. +

Soon after this, he was elected an alderman of the city of London, and conducted himself on all occasions, not only like an upright magistrate, but with a degree of urbanity, attention, and discernment, that speedily ensured a large portion of the public applause: while sheriff, too, he gave general satisfaction.

On the death of his friend Mr. Sawbridge, in 1795, the alderman was encouraged to offer himself as his successor; but on this occasion, he was opposed by Mr. Lushington, then a very eminent merchant of the city of London, who united in

These were Mr. Delafield, his brother-in-law, who had been with Mr. Whitbread, and Mr. George Shum. The business first commenced under the firm of Shum, Combe, and Delafield; but having purchased the extensive premises of Gifford and Co., they afterwards traded under that name.

+ It has been customary ever since the accession of the House of Hanover, for the great brewers of London to receive and entertain the royal family in their respective manufactories. If we mistake not greatly, our Henry V., when contending for the crown of France, was feasted in a most hospitable and sumptuous manner by a wealthy brewer of Antwerp.

George I. and II. honoured the Gascoynes with their presence. His present Majesty George III. condescended to visit the premises of the first Whitbread, (father to the late celebrated M. P. for Bedford,) on which occasion all the men were clothed in a` complete uniform dress, while the horses were decorated with new harness.

In order to revive this ancient custom, which had become nearly obsolete during a long reign, Mr. Alderman Combe, some years since, gave an entertainment to the Duke and Duchess of York and the Duke of Cambridge. On this occasion, the stoker, dressed in a clean white cap and jacket, broiled rump steaks, more majorum, on his polished iron shovel, and served them up hot and hot to his royal guests on pewter trenchers; while the table, placed in the centre of the brew-house, was very appropriately covered with hop-sacks, and the company regaled with brown stout, handed round in wooden mugs!

‡ In 1804, the maximum produce of the first strong-beer brewer in the metropolis, according to the excise return, was 152,500 gallons. Mr. Combe's establishment paid the duty on 87,700 gallons.