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found and intellectual criticism. Niebuhr is the consequence of Wolf. The numerous shoots which classical philology has put forth, derived their vigour from the parent stem. The experience and the thought of centuries, go to aid the youthful sciences of comparative and oriental philology. Lachmann and Haupt are, alike, celebrated in the criticism. of German and Latin authors. An encyclopædia of classical philology is now possible. The expansion of the study has contributed to its unity.

Until within a few years our philological, or rather pedagogical labours, were eclectical in their character, or rather want of character. The methods varied according to the individuality of the teacher. The Westminster Grammar was used in our country in times not beyond the memory of man, nor indeed beyond the memory of the writer. Adams is still extensively employed, and the Dauphin editions, with their corrupt texts, defective commentaries, and, strange to say, excellent indexes, are still in demand. But, on the whole, we have shown a willingness to receive, and a readiness to apply, the teachings of Germany, which contrasts favourably with the obstinacy of the English. Unfortunately, however, this receptivity has been, thus far, confined to a wholesale appropriation of the results, instead of an adoption and application of the method. Piracy is no more a reproach among our editors, than it was among the ancient Greeks. Anthon is the great fugleman of all these literary fillibusters. This Review has always entered its protest against the blind admiration with which he was once regarded, and can, therefore, speak plainly, now that his reputation is declining, without fear of reprehension. In all that Anthon has translated, compiled and copied, for the quarter of a century over which his literary activity extends, there is not a single contribution of real worth. Not even one half-pennyworth of bread to this intolerable deal of sack. His most useful works are his compilations, and the composite parts of these are not always chosen from the proper authorities, or graduated according to a proper measure. His classical dictionary is a map, in which Rhode

Island and Texas are of equal size.* Of the beauties of his style, we need remind no one who has read the dialogues between Henry and Dr. B., or looked at a page of his annotations to Vigil and Horace. The clearest exegesis becomes in his hands obscure, and the neatest emendation bungling. Nil tetigit quod non fædavit. His Homer is a mere "poney;" his book in Latin versification swarms with false quantities. These we might forgive. His great sin is, that he knows nothing of the spirit and aims of classical philology—that he offers to act as a medium for thinking men without thinking himself. But, fortunately, all our philologists are not of this class. Some transfer from their sources with discrimi nation, elegance and due acknowledgment; and, while those who might have attained to eminence in this department have found it too barren, and have left it for the area of politics or the field of lighter literature, there are some who have given an earnest, and many who are giving promise, of original American contributions to philological science. We, of the South, should take this specially to heart. Our Northern brethren have developed greater commercial activity, and, without being more literary, have produced a more comprehensive literature. Here is a harvest untouched by the sickle. The host of school-books published at the North, We must wake. go for nothing in the philological account.

to higher efforts, for which we are well adapted by the quickconception, love of classic form and instinctive rejection of extravagance, which are our birthright. Here, the wild political, social and physical theories of our day, find no debateable ground between those who know too much and those who know too little. If united with vigorous action, this conscious self-possession would make us the arbiters of

*The apparent completeness of this work should not be suffered to deceive the student. We notice the following glaring instances among a host of omissions :— Callinus, the elegiac poet; Clitarchus, the historian; Constantinus Porphyrogennetus, at whose instance the celebrated extracts were made (Excerpta Constantini de Virtutibus et Vitiis, etc.); Crates of Mallos; Diogenianus, the lexicographer; Dionysius Thrax, the grammarian : Druis of Samos, the historian; Philochorus, known as one of the writers of 'Ardides; Musonius Rufus, the philosopher; Telsilla, the virgin heroine and poetess of Argos; Tolmides, the Athenian strategus; Zenodo. tus, the first librarian of Alexander and editor of Homer.

literary destiny. The sentences which we pass are confirmed by time, but they lack the weight which power confers. If we make the South, where the materials abound, the centre of classical learning, we must hold the balance. To create and perpetuate such a classical school, we must have an enlarged and elevative system of education, and the rising generation must be trained in a domestic institution, of a higher type than the out-door schools, whither so many of youth go, seeking knowledge, and finding a miserable succedaneum.*

Our reviewers are often like the Pharisees, and make broad their phylacteries at the head of their articles, without paying much attention to the contents of the text. We do not desire to treat Professor Bernhardy so cavalierly, by making his valuable work a stalking-horse to our own considerations. We have merely reversed the order of our thoughts in tracing back the continuity of reflections which arose. from the study of this book, by which we were led to the consideration of the pre-eminence of the German school of classical philology, and thence, by easy steps, to the general discussion which has given a name, if not a character, to the preceding remarks. The subject which was the first in our conception, becomes, necessarily, the last in execution.

To write a history of Greek literature, is, in our day, an undertaking for which a boldness is necessary, little short of audacity. The material has increased so much in the last half century, that a supplement might be written, which would outnumber the pages of Harless' edition of the mammoth Fabricius. Almost every department has its especial students. Monographs have thrown individual rays of light on almost every author. Life and light go together, and every

* The able letter of President Thornwell to Gov. Manning, on Public Instruction in South-Carolina, has given an impulse in the right direction. Amid the jar of contending sects, and the "solemn chatterings" of theorists, it is grateful, beyond expression, to listen to such excellent and temperate counsel.

+ The first volume of Prof. Bernhardy's Outlines, containing the Inner History of Grecian literature, appeared in 1836, and the second volume, in which the Outer History of Greek poetry is comprised, in 1845. Upon the present revised edition, or "Bearbeitung" of the 1st volume, the third volume will no doubt follow, thus completing the whole.

material acquisition aids in the spiritual reconstruction of antiquity. To unite these separate atoms-to fuse them into a living unity, demands the strength of no common mind. A mere reader would have the substance without the life. A mere theorist would produce the semblance of a spirit without the body in which the spirit must have its being. In Professor Bernhardy, both requisites-theoretic constructiveness and comprehensive reading—are united in a high and rare degree. We do not claim for him absolute infallibility in theory or statement. A phrase may have misled him, or an important fact may have escaped his notice. But these intervals of giddiness and sleepiness, if such there be, are exceedingly rare. Our author seeks no excuse in the Horatian allowance:

Operi longo fas est obrepere somnum.

We find, in the work before us, clear perceptions of literary laws, phenomena significantly grouped, controversies luminously and succinctly unfolded and decided, hints of penetrating suggestiveness. His style is unfortunately rugged, at times positively obscure, at all times demanding, imperatively, an attentive and thoughtful reader. He cannot be read with the same placid attention as Müller, and many a passage will balk even those most conversant with the idiom. By reason of this defect and his numerous excellencies, our public is not yet prepared for him. For the present, the English reader must be content with the elegant but incomplete history by Müller-the review-articles of Mure,* and the recent opus tesselatum of Anthon, that gigantic scholasticus, who builds his philosophical houses out of specimen-bricks.

Many have raised the hue-and-cry of Hegelianism against Bernhardy's works. Philologians are not want to swear by the magistral words of any school, and this imputation is intended to diminish the authority of our author. We, for our part, have found nothing in this volume that requires the aid

* Bernhardy notices "this first attempt of the English" in the following way: "This author, acquainted, but not agreeing with the investigations of the Germans, gives us a series of ratiocinations in the spirit of British æsthetics."

of the Hegelian system, or the Hegelian terminology. If his peculiar views were transferred into our literature, they would be at once admired, and readily appreciated by many a M. Jourdain, who would afterwards be astounded at the discovery, that he had been speaking the language of Hegel without knowing it. B. L. G.

Art. VII.-LES SAVANES, BY L'ABBE ROUQUEtte.
Les Savanes-Poésies Américaines. Par ADRIEN
[ROQUETTE] de la Louisiane. Paris: Jules Labitte. New
Orleans: Alfred Moret. 1841.

We have found pleasure, on two former occasions, in drawing the attention of our readers to the muse of the Abbé Rouquette, of Louisiana. A brief notice of his English verses may be found in our pages for October of last year and the body of critical notices, in our last, contained a hurried description of his "Thebaid," a prose work, partly philosophic, partly sentimental, with a warm poetic tone giving eloquence to the author's ideas upon subjects particularly well calculated to appeal genially to the poetic temperament. The volume under examination, though published in 1841, has only now come to our notice; and we take for granted, in the too general indifference of the people of the South to literature of domestic origin, that, beyond the author's own parish, it has been as little known to others as to us. We shall endeavour to repair this ignorance. We are glad of the opportunity, though at this late day, to welcome this additional proof of the vitality of the Muse of Louisiana; and shall devote a few paragraphs to the consideration of the claims of this volume, not because of any surpassing merits which it possesses, beyond the qualities of grace, sweetness and delicacy of sentiment, such as we have ascribed already to the writings of the author; but because he is one of our special brood-a native son of the South

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