3. Three

363. INFLECTIONS. Although there are! Proverbs. - 15 mina. Pas vefend the given rules, for making these infections, or innocent, than the gunty. 2 ete press and slides of the voice, either up or down, yet speech, be free; no good governmer, as anything it should be borne in mind, that every sen- to fear trom paper snot, or airy words. tence, which has been read with the upward things are necessary to make an ao.e man,—na. slide, can, under other circumstances, be read|ture, study, and practice. 4. Cultivate a spirit of love toward all. 5. Always distinguish between correctly with the downward slide: the sense governs everything here, as in emphasis. apparent truths, and real truths; between effects and causes. 6. God-is best known and honored, Ex. 1. Are you going to town? 2. Are you when his word and works are best understood and going to town? 3. Why did you speak to appreciated. 7. Industry-is essential to useful her? 4. Why did you speak to her? 5. Do ness, and happiness. 8. Every one ought to do you hear me? 6. Do you hear me? In the something. 9. Nothing is stationary; and the hufirst example, we have a simple, direct ques- man family-the least of all. 10. Mankind are tion; in the second, the same form of words, tending to a better condition, or to actual extinction. but so spoken, as if one said, I wish to know, 11. Trade-knows neither friends nor kindred, positively, whether you go to town; so of the 12. Physicians-rarely take medicine. rest. Thus you see, the sense, the object, the intention determines the manner.

364. 1. Some poets may be compared to others; but Milton and Shakspeare are incomparable. 2. He, who considers himself wise, while his wisdom does not teach him to acknowledge the Lord, is in the profoundest ignorance. 3. We see the effects of many things, the causes of but few; experience, therefore, is a surer guide than imagination, and inquiry than conjecture. 4. It is the indispensable duty, and the inalienable right, of every rational being, to prove all things, and hold fast that which is good.

Get but the truth-once uttered, and 'tis like A star, new-born, that drops into its place, And which, once circling its placid round, Not all the tumult of the earth-can shake. 365. The nearer your delivery agrees with the freedom and ease of common discourse, (if you keep up the dignity and life of your subject, and preserve propriety of expressiom,) the more just, natural and agreeable it will be. Study nature; avoid affectation, and never use art, if you have not the art to conceal it: for, whatever does not appear natural, is neither agreeable nor persuasive.

If the

Wisdom of our Ancestors. "wisdom of our ancestors"-had not taught them to recognize newly discovered truths, and to discard those errors, to which ignorance had given birth, we should not have been indebted to them for the improvements, which, however well they may have served their purpose for a time, are destined to be superseded by still more important discoverics. In the year 1615, a Florentine had the presumption and audacity to assert, contrary to the prevailing opinions of the learned, "the great, the good, and the wise among men," and contrary to the conclusions of all preceding ages, "that the earth revolved round the sun;" and, although he was threatened with death for his heresy, Galileo was right,

Varieties. 1. What is the image of God, and what the likeness of God, into which man was created? 2. What grace is more valuable, than humility? 3. 1s hereditary depravity an actual sin, or a calamity? 4. Was not the genius of Ar-chim-i-des the parent of the mechanical arts? 5. Did not the first single pair of mankind-possess the type of all the distinct races of men,-their innate tendency and genius, which has, or will, reappear in their offspring? 6. What is the meaning of the command to Moses," See that thou make all things after the pattern, which I have shown thee in the Mount ?" 7. If we are hardened under affliction, does it not indicate a very bad state of mind? 8. Are

Anecdote. A brutal teacher, whipped a a little boy, for pressing the hand of a little girl, who sat next to him at school. After which, he asked the child, "Why he squeezed the girl's hand?" "Because," said the little fellow," it looked so pretty, I could not help it." What punishment did the teacher de-miracles--violations of the laws of Nature? surve?

THE EPITAPH.

Here rests his head-upon the lap of earth,

A youth-to fortune, and to fame-unknown: Fair Science-frown'd not on his humble birth, And Melancholy-mark'd him for her own. Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere; Heaven-did a recompense-as largely send. He gave to mis'ry all he had—a tear; [friend. He gain'd from heav'n ('twas all he wish'd)—a

No farther seek his merits to disclose,

Or draw his frailties from their dread abode, There, they, alike. in trembling hope repose) The bosom of his Father, and his God. BRONSON.

9

9. Does not the state and character of parents
-affect their offspring? 10. What is the
conclusion of the whole matter? Fear God,
and keep his commandments.

When Summer's heats-the verdure sear,
Through yonder shady grove I tread,
Or throw me listless-down to hear
The winds-make music over head;
A thousand flowers-are blooming round
The "wilding bee" goes droning by,
And springs gush out-with lulling sound,
And painted warblers-linger nigh;
Yet one thing-wants the dreamer there-
A kindred soul-the scene to share.

5

365. WAVES, OR CIRCUMFLEXES OF THE Maxims. 1. The love of sensual pleasure, is VOICE: of these, there are two; which are temporary madness. 2. Sacrifice-can be made called the rising circumflex [v] and the fall-on bad principles; obedience-only on good ones. ing circumflex [^]: they are formed by the and the', and are generally connected with the accented vowels of the emphatic words. Doubt, pity, contrast, grief, supposition, comparison, irony, implication, sneering, railery, scorn, reproach, and contempt, are expressed by them. Be sure and get the right feeling and thought, and you will find no difficulty in expressing them properly, if you

have mastered the voice.

V.

366. Exs. of the rising 1. I may go to town to-morrow, though I cannot go today. 2. The sun sets in the west, not in the east. 3. He lives in London, not in New York. 4. The desire of praise-produces excellent effects, in men of sense. 5. He is more a knave, than a fool. 6. I see thou hast learn'd to rail, if thou hast learned nothing else. 7. Better to do well late, than never. 8. A pretty fellow you are, to be sure! 9. In some countries-poverty-is | considered a misfortune; in ôthers—a crime. 10. The young-are slaves to nôvelty; the old-to custom.

3. Great cry and little wool; applies to those who promise much, but practice little. 4. Do what you think is right, whatever others may think. Learn to disregard alike, the praise and the censure of bad men. 6. Covet that popularity that follows; not that which must be run after. 7. What sculpture is-to a block of marble, education is to the human mind. 8. He, who is unwilling to amend, has the devil on his side. 9. Extensive, various reading, without reflection, tends to the injury of the mind. 10. Proverbs bear age, and arc full of various instruction.

Anecdote. John Randolph's Mother. The late John Randolph, some years before his death, wrote to a friend as follows: "I used to be called a Frenchman, because I took the French side in politics; and though that was unjust, yet the truth is, I should have been a French atheist, if it had not been for one recollection, and that was-the memory of the time, when my departed mother — used to take my little hands in hers, and cause me, on my knees, to say, 'Our Father who art in heaven."

School Teachers. It is important, that teachers of youth, should not only be respected, but respectable persons. They, who are intrusted with the responsible office of develop

the young, ought to be worthy of sharing in all the social enjoyments of the most refined society; and they ought never to be excluded from such participation. Yet it is scandal

367. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES. 1. A just appreciation of our duties-is worth any sacrifice, that its attainments may cost. 2. Dearly do we sometimes pay for our wis-ing the mind, and directing the affections of dom, but never too dearly. 3. Is not the life of animals dissipated at death? 4. The ancients had the art of singing, before that of writing; and their laws and histories were sung, before they were written. 5. This heav-ously true, in some parts of our country, that enly Benefactor claims-not the homage of our lips, but of our hearts; and who can doubt that he is entitled to the homage of our hearts? 6. If we have no regard to our own character, we ought to have some regard to the character of others. 7. Tell your invad-common sense. Wherever such a state of ers this; and tell them, too, we seek no change; and least of all-such change as they would bring us.

368. We must avoid a mechanical variety, and adopt a natural one: this may be seen in children, when relating anything that comes from themselves; then, their intonations, melody, and variety, are perfectly natural, and true to the object in view: let us go and sit at their feet and learn, and not be offended. Let us turn our eye and ear, to TRUTH and NATURE; for they will guide their votaries right. Give us the soul of clocution and music, and that will aid in forming the body.

CONFIDENCE, NOT TO BE PLACED IN MAN.
O momentary grace of mortal men,
Which we more hunt for-than the grace of God!
Who builds his hope-in a'r of your fair looks,
Lives like a drunken sailor-on a mast ;
Ready, with every nod, to tumble down-

to the fate' bowels-of the deep.

teachers, however worthy, are excluded from the houses of the very parents, who send their children to their schools. This is not only contrary to all republican principles, but is in direct opposition to the dictates of

things exists, the people are but half civilized, whatever pretensions wealth, and other circumstances afford them.

Varieties. 1. Enter on the performance of your duties, with willing hearts, and never seek to avoid them. 2. The heurt-is woman's world; it is there-her ambition strives for the mastery. 3. The object of ree reation is-to soften and refine, not to render ferocious; as is the case with amusements that brutalize. 4. Is capital punishment right? 5. Who has done the more injuryMahomet, or Constantine? 6. Is tobacconecessary? 7. Why is the figure of a viper -used to express ingratitude? 8. Is it right to go to war-on any occasion? 9. What is the usual quantity of blood-in a common sized body? About twenty-five or thirty pounds. 10. Is it not singular that Pope's translations should be very profuse, and his original compositions very concise?

369. Exs. of the falling A. 1. Who Maxims. 1. A wounded reputation is seldom cares for you? 2. He is your friend, is he? cured. 2. Conciliatory manners always com 3. You tell me so, do you? 4. If I were mand esteem. 3. Never deride any one's infirmito do so, what would you say? 5. It is ties. 4. Detraction-is a sin against justice. 5. not prûdence, when I trust my secrets to a Modesty-has more charms than beauty. 6. No man who cannot keep his own. 6. You fear should deter us from doing good. 7. Pin not are a very wise man, strông, brave, peaceable. Your faith to another one's sleeve. 8. Reckless 7. If you had told me so, perhaps, I should youth-makes rueful age. 9. The example of the have believed you. 8. Sir, you are a fool. rigid examination. 11. Sickness is felt, but not and I fear you will remain so.

370. MANNER. What we mean, does not so much depend on what we say, as how larges, as thought becomes more free, an inwe say it; not so much on our words, as on quiry upon all subjects becomes more bold our manner of speaking them: accordingly, and searching; a voice louder and still loudin elocution, great attention must necessarily er comes up from the honest and thinking be given to this, as expressive of what our words do not always indicate: thus, na-in religion, as well as in every thing else; men in Christendom, calling for rationality ture-fixes the outward expression of every calling for such principles of biblical interintention and sentiment. Art only adds be indeed, and in truth, the WORD OF GOD. pretation, as shall show the scriptures to Every ray of truth, which has been sent from heaven-to enlighten and bless mankind, has gained admittance into the world by patient struggling and persevering con

occur.

4

4. Con

9.

Great designs require great consideration. 8. Never sport with pain, or poverty. 10. Put ne

Misfortune is a touchstone of friendship.

faith in tale-bearers.

Anecdote. Point of Law Blackstone, speaking of the right of a wife to dower, as serts, that if land abide in the husband a sin

372. Remember, that Nature abhors mo- Maxims. 1. A faithfal friend-is a strong notony, or sameness of sound, as much as defence. 2. Avoid that which you blame in others. she does a vacuum. Hence, give variety in 3. By doing nothing, we learn to do ill emphasis, inflections, and waves, if they often fession of a fault, makes half amends for it. 5 1. (3) Happy, (5) happy, (6) hip- Dependence and obedience, necessarily belong to Py pair! none but the (2) brave! (6) youth. 6. Every art-is best taught by example. nóne but the (5) brave; none (8) BUT the brave deserve the fair! 2. (6) What a piece of work-is man! how noble in (5) reasom! how infinite in (6) FACULTIES! in (4) form, and (5) moving, how express and (6) admirable! in action, how like an angel! in apprehension, (4) how like a God! 3. My JUDGMENT-approves this measure, and my whole HEART-is in it: all that I have; (4) all that I am; and all that I HOPE, in this life, I am now ready here to stake upon it; and I leave off as I began; th't (4) sink or swim; (5) live or die; survive or (6) PERISH,-I am for the DECLA RATION. It is my living sentiment, and (2) by the blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment: (5) Independence- (6) nów and Independence (9) FOREVER!

373. EFFECT. What is the use of reading, speaking, and singing, if the proper effect is not produced? If the singing in our church choirs, and the reading and speaking in the desk and pulpit, were what they ought to be, and what they may be, the house of God would be more thronged than theatres ever have been. Oh! when will the best of truths be delivered in the best of manners? May the stars of elocution and music, be more

numerous than the stars of heaven!

Because I cannot flatter, and speak fair,
Smile in man's face, smooth, deceive and coy,
Deck with French words, and apish courtesy,
I must be held-a răncorous ênemy.
Cannot a plain man live, and think no harm,
But thus his simple truth-must be abused,
By silken, sly, insinuating Jacks!
Tho' plunged in ills, and exercised in care,
Yet, never let the noble mind despair:
When prest by dangers, and beset by foes,
Heaven its timely succour doth interpose, [grief,)
And, (when our virtue sinks, o'erwhelmed with

By unforeseen expedients-brings relief.

If there's a sin―more deeply black than others,
Distinguished from the list of common crimes,
And legion-in uself, and doubly dear
To the dark prince of hell-it is hypocrisy.

Ye gentle gales, beneath my body blow,
And softly lay me-on the waves below.
Wisdom-took up her harp, and stood in place
Of frequent concourse-stood in every gate,
By every way, and walked in every street,
And, lifting up her voice, proclaimed: Be wise,
Ye fools! be of an understanding heart.
Forsake the wicked: come not near his house:
Pass by make haste: depart, and turn away.
Me follow-me, whose ways are pleasantness,
Whose paths are peace, whose end is perfect joy

:

gle moment, the wife shall be endowed thereof; and he adds, that the doctrine was extended very far, by a jury in Wales, where the father and son were hanged at the same the father, by appearing to struggle the longtime; but the son was supposed to survive er; whereby he became seized of an estate by survivorship; in consequence of which seizure, his wife-obtained a verdict for her

dower.

Riches and Talent. Nothing is more common than to see station and riches—preferred to talent and goodness; and yet few things are more absurd. The peculiar superiority of talent and goodness-over station and riches, may be seen from hence;-that the influence of the former-will always be the greatest, in that government, which is the purest; while that of the latter-will always be the greatest-in the government that is the most corrupt: so that from the preponderance of the one, we may infer the soundness and vigor of the commonwealth; but from the other, its dotage and degeneracy.

Varieties. 1. Indolence and indecision, tho' not vices in themselves, generally prepare the way for much sin and misery. 2 If the mind be properly cultivated, it will produce a storehouse of precious fruits; but if neglected, it will be overrun with noxious weeds and poisonous plants. 3. A kind benefactor-makes one happy-as soon as he can, and as much as he can. 4. The only sure basis of every government, is in the of fection of a people, rendered contented, and happy, by the justness and mildness, with which they are ruled. 5. As moisture is re quired to the formation of every seed, so natu ral truth-to the formation of first principles They whom

Nature's works can charm, with God himself
Hold converse! grow familiar, day by day,
With His conceptions, act upon His plan,
And form to His-the relish of their souls.
Our present acts, tho' slightly we pass them by
Are so much seed-sown for Eternity.

The devil can cite scripture for his purpose-
An evil soul, producing holy witness,

Is like a villain with a smiling cheek;

A goodly apple, rotten at the heart;
, what a goodly outside-falsehood hath!

374. As the principles of elocution are Proverbs. 1. Forbearances requisite in few and simple, and as practice alone makes youth, in middle age, and in old age. 2. Peculiar perfect, there are all kinds of examples pro-ities-are easily acquired; but it is very difficult to vided for those, who are determined to de- eradicate them. 3. Good principles are of no use velop their minds through their bodies, and to us, unless we are governed by them. 4. Cobecome all that God and nature-intended quetry-is the vice of a small mind. 5. Pure met them to be. As the ear is most intimately als--shine brighter, the more they are rubbed. 6. connected with the affections-the motive- Pride-lives on very costly food,-its keeper's power of the intellect, it is absolutely neces- happiness. 7. Extremes-are generally hurtful, sary that the student should exercise aloud, for they often expose us to damage, or render us that the voice and ear, as well as the thoughts ridiculous. 8. In the days of affluence, always and feelings, may be cultivated in harmony think of poverty. 9. Never let want come upon and correspondence. If, then, he finds the you, and make you remember the days of plenty. task severe, let him persevere, and never 10. No one can become a good reader or speaker, mind it. in a few weeks, or a few months.

Woman. I have always observed, says Ledyard, that women, in all countries, are civil, obliging, tender, and humane; that they are inclined to be gay and cheerful, tim

375. EXAMPLES. 1. The queen of Denmark, in reproving her son, Hamlet, on account of his conduct towards his step-father, whom she married, shortly after the murder of the king, her husband, says to him, "Humorous and modest, and that they do not, like let, you have your father much offended." man, hesitate to perform a generous action. To which he replies, with a circumflex on Not haughty, arrogant, or supercilious, they you, "Madam, (3) you-have my father are full of courtesy, and fond of society; more much offended." He meant his own father: liable, in general, to err than man, but in she--his step-father; he would also intimate, general, also, more virtuous, and performing that she was accessory to his father's mur-whether civilized or savage, I never addressmore good actions than he. To a woman, der; and his peculiar reply, was like daggers ed myself in the language of decency and in her soul. 2. In the following reply of friendship, without receiving a decent and Death to Satan, there is a frequent occurrence friendly answer. With man it has been often of circumflexes, mingled with contempt: otherwise. In wandering through the barren "And reckon'st thou thyself with spirits of plains of inhospitable Denmark; thro' hon heaven, hell-doomed, and breath'st defiance est Sweden, and frozen Lapland, rude and here, and scorn, where I reign king and, churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and to enrage thee môre,―thy king, and lord 2" the wide-spread regions of the wandering The voice is circumflected on heaven, hell- Tartar; if hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick, the women-have ever been friendly to me doomed, king and thy, nearly an octave. Come, show me what thoul't do; woul't (so worthy to be called benevolence,) their and uniformly so; and to add to this virtue, weep? woul't fight? woul't fast? woul't tear actions have been performed in so free and thyself? I'll do't. Dost thou come here to kind a manner, that if I were dry, I drank whine? to outface me, with leaping in her the sweetest draught, and if hungry, ate the grave? be buried quick with her, and so will coarsest morsel, with a double relish. I; and if thou prate of mountains, let them throw MILLIONS of acres on us, till our ground, singeing her pate against the burning zone, make Ossa-like a wart. Nay, an thoul't mouthe, I'll rant as well as thon Anecdote. A clergyman, once traveling in a stage-coach, was abruptly asked by one of the passengers, if any of the heathens would go to heaven. "Sir," answered the clergyman, "I am not appointed judge of the world, and, consequently, cannot tell; but, if ever you get to heaven, you shall either find some fem there, or a good reason why they are not there."

3.

Too High or too Low. In pulpit eloquence, the grand difficulty is to give the subject all the dignity it so fully deserves, without attaching any importance to our. selves. The christian minister cannot think too highly of his Master, or too humbly of himself. This is the secret art which captivates and improves an audience, and which all who see, will fancy they could imitate; while many whey, win not succeed, because they are not influenced by proper notives and do not use the right means.

M

Varieties. 1. When Baron, the actor, came from hearing one of Massillon's sermons, he said to one of his comrades of the stage; here is an orator; we are only ac

tors.

the sake of being clean; others, for the sake
2. Some people-wash themselves for
of appearing so. 3. Of all the pursuits, by
which property is acquired, none is prefera-
ble to agriculture,-none more productive,
and none more worthy of a gentleman. 4.
It is a maxim with unprincipled politicians,
to destroy, where they cannot intimidate.
nor persuade. 5. Good humor, and mental
charms, are as much superior to external
beauty, as mind is superior to matter.
Be wise, be prudent, be discreet, and tem-

perate, in all things

6.

Patriots have toile, and in their country's cause
Bled nobly, ar, their deeds, as they deserve,
Receive oud recompense. We give in charge
Their names-to the sweet lyre. The historic muse
Proud of her treasure, marches with it—down
l'o latest times; and sculpture, in her turn,
Gives bond, in stone-and ever-during brass,
To guard them-and immortalize her trust.