APSETS AB Inter /is naster, vit us ninence mi that f 118 #ia teprvi te lewertion of lat naster's LaLeider: Leds eat sova nitieset mon varies beil m The Land of Le nan whom le lad oudert with the mentest App Stat bruch tracting can hardly be pallatet je the futa fut resert Charl vs aritzer better dur #. wah 16st of act zontemporaries

Am 2.2. fury, new ar tert Carull fr these important He peered “de sartom of Martborough, and wis saintest untenant Tonerai of the army. Soon afterWarlane was supointed to the enmmand of the Brition antiary foren (ʼn the Netherlands, and earned a warm oo am from K..y 3 an I am aspy." write * that say "tongs beharet so weil in the afar of It is to you that this advantage la principally ffa terred in Ireland u 1899 with equal distinction. In twody seven days he reduced Cork and Kinsale, and amfund the ww to the prvince of Cater. Bat from set, vam machy it is interesear? *% emcidate-partly, perhaps, fém a tyranny of the confidence which, the king bestowed

watch farmartes, party from a fear that some new #ersation might perau dunen II. to the throne-he kept ng a clandestine correspondence with the exiled monarch, and betrayed the secrets of his sovereign's councils. The thoơon buy ausraonious character of the man is shown in the fact t) at the British exped tion against Brest was betroyed by lom a circunatance which led to its defeat with much slaughter and the death of its commander. His treachery becothing known to Wiam, he was deprived of all his comincings and thrown into the Tower. But so great was his influence that he soon obtained his release, and the king did not dare to bring him to trial. After living for some years in prizney he gradually recovered his place in the royal favour, was restored to his seat in the

sion of mastery novments. Miror vi bai low been «leransi tu a insalom` ivertei toe vr xriers of Boland do the viker of the Daan, 134 vent-i tue comJination, iszed by Lens WW. I Treat French armies to reim at the blow 22 forces of the les After foreing the passage Dannbe beneath the gas of Sendemberg, a fiat f the most brilliant daring, de meguntered. Marshal Turi si the Elvetor of 34 aria near the villam f Kinasema Blenheim, in the 13th of August, 17. 4. a FirenGIDS them a trusting defeat, the total uns at the French ana Baarians wing not less than 40,000 men. The 17t result was the destruction of that vist fibre if p Louis XIV., alded by the talents of Ixmane and Van ass had laboured so long to eenstinet. return to England, was received with an come, and an Act of Parlament best wed pen om the royal demesnes of Wootton and Wordstres d'. Samed the erection of a splendid mansi n at the naD JA -STYDE In May. 1796, the great battle of Ramilies was ! the year 1708 was rendered fimens be t Oudenarde (11th July, which ersted the gar i la dome. The following year, on the 11th of Senter, D fought the sanguinary but indecisive "attle (MuSUDA in some respects the most extraordinary of his welPHOTA This was the last of his great vietāries, and to can hand tinued in command of the forces during the cust 1710 and 1711 his fall was already rescived on. In 107 had grown weary of the war, and the queen 254 off the dictation of the Duchess of Marra will bad at last become intolerable. In April, 1710, the ten të

rapture between Anne and the duchess occurred, and in tor August of that year the Whig ministry was dismissed daraz the absence of Marlborough on the Continent. For a time be clung, in spite of humiliations, to his command and various lucrative offices, but on the 1st of January, 1712, he was deprived of them all. Later in the year a Esterions interview with the prime minister Harley was 5wed by his removal to the Continent, where he remained til the death of Anne. Immediately after that event he returned to England (August, 1714), and received from GeL the appointments of Captain-general of the Army . Master of the Ordnance. His last professional service was to plan the details of the campaign of 1715-16 against the reels in Scotland, but he did not in person take the The deaths of two of his daughters at short interwere severe blows to his already weakened frame. On the 28th of May, 1716, he was seized with a severe parate fit, and the attack was repeated in November of the year. He partially recovered from their effects, and asonally attended in his place in the House of Lords up the 17th of November, 1721. In the following June he strated by paralysis for the third time, and after ing a few days, expired on the 16th of June, 1722. Eaft an only daughter, who was permitted to wear the ta her own right. She was exceedingly eccentric, and bare is much linked with that of the poet CONGREVE. The present ducal family is very distantly related to the gest cake.

Athough Marlborough left the military art as he found it, can be credited with no improvement in the science of we possessed consummate ability as a commander, and rat certainly be regarded as the greatest general England laterte produced. As a diplomatist and statesman be takes high rank, and throughout his career he was distinguished by courage, coolness, and urbanity. y his avarice and selfishness were as great as his tarts and few men have ever sunk to such depths of ss and treachery as John Churchill, first duke of Marough. (See Coxe, "Life of Marlborough;" Lediard's "L" Alison's Military Life;" Sir G. Murray's Letters and Despatches;" Dumont's "Military HisA: Miner's Journal of Marlborough's Campaigns;" May's History of England;" and "Letters of Sarah, of Marlborough," London, 1875.)

.

MAR LOW. See GREAT MARLOW. MAR LOWE, CHRISTOPHER, the only dramatist a at all dimly comparable with Shakspeare (except in * power, which is curiously absent), was born, accordMalone, in 1565. He was entered of Benet, now G, College, Cambridge, took his bachelor of arts 1583, and that of master of arts in 1587. On ng the university he became a dramatic writer and perat actor. His moral character appears to have been and he was slain by a low companion in a tavern brawl. Te following plays are attributed to him:-"Dr. Edward the Second," "The Jew of Malta," *Taberlaine the Great," "Lust's Dominion," "The Mastay at Paris," and "* Dido, Queen of Carthage." T: Marlowe we are indebted for the first regular form English drama cleared of rhymes; and he may be ered as the link between the Moralities and Shake. Itough in age a contemporary of Shakspeare's, kawe died before Shakspeare had produced a single pay. His style has been aptly characterized by Jawn as Marlowe's mighty line," and he frequently as a high standard of poetical expression. Besides ha pars, Marlowe translated Ovid's “Art of Love" (which ***ars on all accounts he had left alone). His "Hero *: Leder" is a perfectly magnificent poem, though its trazed descriptions are not to modern taste. The

page beginning

Who ever loved that loved not at first sight"

TOL IX.

MARMONT.

would of itself make Marlowe immortal. Another famous poem, though a short one, is Come live with me and be my Love," favoured of musicians in all time. It has been well said of Marlowe that he is a poet's poet. Charles Lamb and Hazlitt rightly go into ecstasies over the death scene of Edward II. Swinburne declares," If all the pens that poets ever held had fed the feeling of their master's thoughts," Marlowe would not be over praised. A splendid edition in thirteen volumes, quite complete, and with a masterly preface, was brought out by Mr. Bullen in 1885, superseding all other presentations of the poet's works. MARL'STONE is an alternative name for the Middle Lias. This formation is argillaceous below, but passes upwards into ferruginous sandstone and limestone. It is rich in fossil remains, and contains the peculiar brachiopod Spirifer Walcotti, one of the last representatives of a Palæozoic genus. When this formation crops out it forms a marked feature; the beds, both above and below, being comparatively soft are worn away, leaving the marlstone as a prominent escarpment.

MARMALADE, a sort of preserve made with sugar and the Seville or bitter orange, a variety of the fruit of the Citrus Bigaradia. It is more wholesome when properly made, i.e. when the rind is soft, than most other sweet preserves, as the bitter communicates tonic and stomachic properties to it.

MAR'MARA or MAR'MORA, SEA OF, the Propontis of the ancients, is situated between the Grecian Archipelago and the Black Sea, communicating with the former by the Dardanelles, the ancient Hellespont, and with the latter by the Strait of Constantinople, the ancient Bosphorus. Its extreme length, from west to east, including the Gulf of Ismid, is 172 miles, and its greatest breadth is 55. The sea is very deep. There are no tides, but a current sets in from the Bosphorus. The island of Marmora, from which the sea derives its name, is situated near its western extremity, and is celebrated for its white marble.

MARMONT, AUGUSTE FRÉDÉRIC LOUIS VIESSE DE, Duke of Ragusa and Marshal of France, was born at Chatillon-sur-Seine, 20th July, 1774. He entered the army at an early age, was present at the siege of Toulon in 1793, was made captain in 1794, and accompanied Bonaparte to Italy and Egypt, where he was made general of brigade. He returned to France with Bonaparte and assisted him at the revolution of the 18th Brumaire. At the great battle of Marengo he directed the artillery, and was at once made general of division. In 1806 he commanded the army in Dalmatia, and for his victory over the Russians at Castel-Nuovo was created Duke of Ragusa. In 1809 he was called to the help of Napoleon, who was closely beset in the island of Lobau, and joined the main army the day before the battle of Wagram. After Wagram he gained the decisive victory of Znaim, and was rewarded with a marshal's baton. He was then appointed governor of the Illyrian provinces, but in 1810 was hastily summoned to Paris, and sent to succeed Massena in the command of the French army of Portugal. Here he assumed the offensive, raised the siege of Badajoz, and held Wellington in check for fifteen months. He encountered the latter commander, 22nd July, 1812, at the great battle of Salamanca, and met with a crushing defeat, being also severely wounded in the action. In the campaign of 1813 he commanded a corps d'armée, and was present at Bautzen, Dresden, and Leipzig. In the retreat towards Paris in 1814 he was present in almost every engagement, but ultimately (though not until every hope was lost, and all that was left was the ability to prevent the useless massacre of the garrison of Paris) he entered into treaty with the allies and assisted to restore the Bourbons, by whom he was loaded with honours. He remained faithful to them during the Hundred Days, and followed Louis XVIII. to Ghent. After the second

9

MARE MORR/T (Mapanday ia a email family of monkeys Makrok Ah, Unident med Benthy Amritahu With the exHạt m HỊ The lennure, which men by notte consizered to 1 ... * angorenta under the marmosets form the lowest non vn tổ the teine Primates, under the name AretoJatharani. The marinearts are all of small size, rarely

-ring that of a porel, to which in form and Hildy the present some resemblance, All the digits Ja sharp Fawn, except the Brat on the hind foot Challus), which has a laund nails the first digit of the freshed (pilles in thoumby is not capable of being separated witly from the other digits The teeth agree in number with How if man and the higher apen, but there are only kwicno bow in each side in each jaw, while there are three promo Tus, an hu Hi American monkeys, The tail is long mich duc by, but an ver pictuncile. The body in covered with The head is amall and rounded, and the vare men neually parcided with tufts of hair. The brain is well de celoped, wood, the cerchial tubes cover all the other port, but they atwalunot entirely destitute of convolutions, In the water te lone, the luxuriant forests of South Amaba Hurmarimer be live among the trees in small troops all playings vide lle calde, mitivity They feed on insects, Tipse little monkeys,

flowch w wynced able for intelligyne, still from their kurt Recover and adeytionale deposition, are frequently Todood there be my doubt that in the six tout setyateenth, and voldreuth centuria they were " TAY (Bih ving an que aľ the insal (actionable Ladies of And ely had vyva mute tendinos lay s'ed an to be a wed up a the lay dogs of the We did the word marna apo me to young

H

MAR MOT (Ären mys) is a penns ef BoDENTIA, L fing the type of the Antimine, a fumy of the stre tang 50 I The mamets are culized to the birthern hemisphere, willia which they are very widey a trivsted. "They have a somewhat short and stumpy body, with a short hairy tail The digit (pules) correspoding to the human thumb is rudimentary, and furnished wit a fat : the other digits on both fore and hind limbs have long powerful claws, adapted for barrowing The check-pouches, which are found in the other members of the subfamily Arctomyinæ, are either entirely absent of quite rudimentary. The head is broad and flat above, and the ears are short. The incisor teeth are broad and powerful. The marmots usually live in societies, forming extensive burrows underground. At the approach of winter they lay up stores of food within their burrows, and pass the cold season in a state of torpidity. They feed on routs and leaves, and in the summer display considerable activity. The food, though sometimes eaten, is coarse, and the far is of little value. About ten species are known.

The Alpine Marmot (Arctomys marmotta) is a stentbuilt animal, measuring about 20 inches long, exclu the thick-set tail, which measures 6 inches more. It inhabits the loftiest slopes of the Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, immediately beneath the snow-line. The far bas a yellowish-gray colour, becoming brownish-gray about the head. When alarmed these animals utter shrill cries. The Bobae (Arctomys bobac) is an inhabitant of the sma hills of Eastern Europe and Siberia, extending all the way from Poland to Kamtchatka; and is found in elevat d situations in Cashmere, Tibet, and the Himalayas. Ie fur exhibits a yellowish-gray colour, the hairs about the bead having a russet tint. It is about 15 inches in length, exclusive of the tail. The Wood Chuck (Arctomys maa12) is a well known native of the central districts of the United States, where it is regarded by farmers as a pest, since it proves very destructive to the crops of red dwer. T Fiods of these animals are social and diurnal; for having

MAROCCO.

men into the basin of the Saine, the temperature's warm a vztensively suitivated in favorabie du diena md her hade gaf ordinar” malit”. attle of lie to burtinent are of good reed per end sheen are mail, quits are mmetons and game of the cuts are gentiful. The department some of the most Innorant ron mines in rance; the metal 's melted and manufactured in anmerons Ironmortza, så det are deseciution, Building stone, marbie, uatre nursed. Mart rek-earth files alay ndo ma tug. Resades “rontmongery and entier, the industrial products include orady z nezar cotton and driget wooden stockings leather gloves, Cast-iron tubes. nger eather beer ke. Timber furnishes She principal article of es dort,

Jame of a

je lesartment & livided into the three arrondissements of Chaumont Langsa and Yuny. MAROCCO. SAP MOROCCO, MAR ONITES, the ** of Eastern Christ ans who inmber wont 266,660 gerans, and twil chiety in the neighbourhood of Mount Lebanon, in Sera Taey are smejibones of the Druses, with whom they are on mfcendy teens, and ike them they are partly independAnd so the Tiresh poMDT. Te semne fue rulers and fast resses of the principa, zid ze of Lebanon, east of Begront and 1pol, and they extend inand as far as the piaîn between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon. Tey are a temperate and industions rice, and among tuemsei? *g orderly and quiet, wane np to 1×40 they uved on terms of intin wy and frendahip with the Dmises, At that period, home amor, di crension arose, and after many years of savage warfare an expedition was tent from France in 1986-61. to pastora frauginty. After peace had been restored Sue two parties were paced under one gover lor, a Christian appointed by the Porte, an arrangement which has worked fairly well up to the present In their internal concerns they are governed by their own sheikhs, who administer weil teenged at anwritten laws, and from whose decision there is an appeal to the bishops, whh preeeee great authority, Ongially the Maronites represented # remnant of the Monotiente sert, which, fleeing before the persecutions of the Emperor Anastasius II., in the early part of the eighth century, found refuge in Lebanon, and settled round the tomb of Maron, a saint of the fifth entory who had founded several monasteries in these Thorntone, In the twelfth century, owing to the infinence. of the Crusaders, they abandoned their distinctive doctrine and recognized the authority of Rome, In return, or by arrangement, they were confirmed in the possession of certain peculiar privileges, such as the use of a Syriac servies and permission for the secular parish clergy to marry. The regular elergy follow the rule of St. Anthony, and are bound by vows of chastity and obedience, Every thomastery is a farm, and all are under the jurisdiction of bishops, of whom there is one in every village. In 1584 a college for the training of the Maronite clergy was founded by Gregory XIII. at Rome, and many young Maronites are still went there from Syria to be educated. The Maronites have produced a few scholars, but the clergy, as a rule, are ignorant, fanatical, intolerant, and unscrupulous. They own about a fourth part of the land, and have the people very much under their control. The head of the Maronite elergy takes the title of the Patriarch of Antioch, and has his seat at Kannóbán, He recognizes the supremacy of the Pope, to whom he sends a report of the state of his patriarchate. The language used by the people is Arabic, but the people appear to have descended from the ancient

TOONS' (supposed to be derived from a Spanishet signifying hog hunters), a name given in culiar race, sprung from runaway negroes, ixture of Spanish blood. After Jamaica

we owe him gratitude, he ing ¤A great mediævai naster, Face

Marot's father vas a Sorman. Ini

of the Gasern town of Callum ge 1497 He died 1 1 and then entered the

Marot's work is most elarmingly in stel. Nd be more graceful than his bas. Decans Firs`e! En la baisant" are two of the most exquisite. Ha more feucitous in smaller works than in his meramy us poems; and he hardly ever exceeds 1999 lines in any poem. His popularity was great in E's own time. His pats may almost be said to have founded the Hugend party in France. The Hundredth Psalm was set by the muscian Goudimel to one of the most famons ecants ever written, the unrivalled “Old Hundredth." As a specimen of this very celebrated translation of Marot's, the infidence of which in Calvin's hands and among the French purtins was so unbounded in its importance, the first star za «f the Forty-third Psalm (“Judge me, O God,” ver. 1 and 2) may be quoted

"Revenge moy, pren la querelle

De moy, Seigneur, par ta mercy,
Contre la gent fausse et crueile;
De l'homme rempli de cantelle
Et en sa malice endurcy
Délivre moy aussi.”

MARO'ZIA. See JOHN X., JOHN XL, popes.

MARQUE'SAS or WASHINGTON ISLANDS, a group of islands in the Pacific, between 8 and 11° lat. S., 138° 30′ and 143° lon. W. There are thirteen principal islands-a south-west group, consisting of Fatouiva, Motane, Hivaoa or Ohivahoa, Tahuata, Fetuuku (Hood of Cook), and several smaller islands; and a north-west group, in which are Nukahiva, Houapou or Roapoa, Obelisk island, Houna, Motou-iti, Hiaou, Fetou-ouhou, and several smaller. The largest island of the entire group, Nukahiva, is 18 miles by 10. Many of them have names imposed by