SIDNEY, Henry, an English statesman, the favourite of Edward VI., and his ambassador to France, and afterwards employed in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth; he died in 1586. He was author of a Treatise on Bleeding, and other works. SILVESTER I., was made pope in 314. He laboured to establish order and tranquillity, in the church, and died in 385. SILVESTER II., Gerbert, a native of Auvergne, distinguished for his learning, was tur tor to Otho III, and to Robert, the son of Hugh Capet, became archbishop of Rheims and of Ravenna, and pope, after Gregory V., in 999. SIDNEY, sir Philip, an eminent English statesman, general, and poet, born in 1554, and died in 1586, of a wound received in battle. As he lay bleeding on the field, and was about to drink some wine which his attendants had brought him, he saw a wounded soldier, who was carried by, look wishfully at it, he immedi-He died in 1003. ately ordered it to be given to him, adding "Poor fellow thy necessity is greater than mine." SIDNEY, Algernon, an English patriot and political writer, was beheaded in 1683, aged 66: He left behind him, " Discourses upon Government," a valuable work. SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS,a Roman,raised to the see of Auvergne against his will. He was a pious and exemplary prelate, wrote some epistles, poems, &c., and died in 1488. SIDONIUS, C. Collius Apollinaris, a very ingenious and learned ecclesiastic and epistolary writer on sacred and profane history, born at Lyons, in 430, and died in 487. SIGÉBERT, king of the East Angles, was a munificent prince, and is mentioned with great praise by the venerable Bede, for his learning and piety. He abdicated his throne, and was afterwards assassinated, in 642. SILVESTER, Israel, an eminent French engraver, died at Paris, in 1691. SILVESTER, Louis, an eminent French painter, ennobled by the king of Poland, died in Paris, in 1760. SIMEON STYLITES, the founder of a sect of devotees, called Stylites. He died in 461, aged 69, after having spent 47 years on the top of a column 60 feet high, exposed to the inclemencies of the air and the seasons, and often supporting himself for days on one foot. SIMEON METAPHRASTES, secretary of state to Leo, and to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, in the 10th century, and author of the "Lives of the Saints," &c. SIMIANE, Charles John Baptist de, marquis of Pianeze, died in 1677. He wrote a Treatise on the Truth of the Christian Religion. SIMLER, Josias, an eminent and able pro SIGEBERT, son of Clotaire I., inherited the testant divine, of Switzerland, author of an Kingdom of Austrasia. He was a valiant prince," Abridgment of Gesner's Bibliotheca," and and was successful against the Huns and other enemies. He was assassinated in 575. SIGEBERT the Younger, son and successor of Dagobert, in the kingdom of Austrasia, died in 650, aged 20. SIGISMUND, king of Burgundy, was taken prisoner by Clodomir, a son of Clovis, who threw him, with his wife and family, into a well, to perish, in 523. SIGISMUND, son of Charles IV., king of Hungary, in 1386, and emperor of Germany, in 1410. He prevailed upon the pope to call the council of Constance, in 1414, to settle the difficulties of the church, at which he presided, and at which were present 18,000 ecclesiastics, and 16,000 nobles; he suffered that council to burn John Huss, and Jerome of Prague, after he had given them a safe passport. SIGISMUNDI., king of Poland, surnamed the Great, was elected to the throne in 1507. After restoring the ancient glory of Poland, and establishing order, he defeated the Muscovites, and the Teutonic knights, and died in 1548, aged 82. SIGISMUND II., son and successor to the preceding, surnamed Augustus, died in 1572, without issue, and was the last of the race of Jagellons. SIGISMUND III., son of John III., king of Sweden, ascended the throne in 1578. He died after a long but troublesome reign, in 1632. SIGNORELLI, Luca, a very fine Florentine painter, died in 1521, aged 82. SIGONIUS, Carolus, a learned Italian historian and antiquary, died in 1584, aged 59. SILHUNETTE, Stephen de, comptrollergeneral, and private minister of France, died in 1767. He wrote "General Ideas on the Chinese Government," and some other works. SILIUS ITALICUS, Caius, a Roman author of an indifferent poem on the 2d Punic war, died A. D. 74, aged 75. SILVA, John Baptist, a native of Bourdeaux, and an eminent physician of Paris, died in 1744. other works, died at Zurich, in 1576. John, of the same family, distinguished as a portrait painter, died in 1748. SIMMONS, Samuel Foart, an eminent Eng lish physician, settled in London, where he became governor of St. Luke's hospital, and afterwards physician to the king; he died in 1811. He wrote a Treatise on Consumptions, and other works. SIMON MACCABEUS, high-priest and ruler of the Jews, 143 B. C. After displaying his valour in repelling the Tyrians and Sidonians, in obtaining a confirmation of the independence of his nation from the king of Syria, and defeating the troops of Antiochus Soter, he was murdered 135 B. C. SIMON, surnamed Zelotes, an apostle of our Saviour, suffered martyrdom in Persia. SIMON, called the brother of Christ, was made bishop of Jerusalem, A. D. 62. He was crucified under Trajan, in 107. SIMON MAGUS, or the MAGICIAN, a Samaritan impostor, who pretended that he was the Son of God sent to the Jews, and the Holy Ghost to the Gentiles. He died A. D. 66. SIMON, Claude Francis, a painter, of Paris, author of "The Knowledge of Mythology," and some comedies, died in 1767. SIMON,Thomas, an eminent English engraver in the age of Charles I. His brother Abraham, was celebrated as a modeller in wax. SIMON, Richard, a French critic, and historian, born in 1638, and died in 1712. SIMON of Durham, a monk of Whitby, and afterwards of Durham, in the reign of Edward III. He wrote a Chronicle, which was published by Hearne, and died about 1356. SIMONET, Edmund, a jesuit, born at Langres, in 1662, was professor of philosophy and theology at Rheims, and at Pont-a-Mousson; he wrote Institutes of Theology for the use of Schools, and died in 1733. SIMONIDES, a Greek poet and philosopher, who flourished about 480 B. C. SMITH, Edmund, an English poet, and au-|| SMITH, George William, lieutenant governthor, died in 1710. or and afterwards governor of the state of VirSMITH, William, an able scholar and divine,ginia, died in 1811. dean of Chester, died in 1787. He published an SMITH, Elihu H., a distinguished physician elegant translation of Thucydides, and of Lon-and poet, of New-York, died in 1798, aged 27. ginus, besides other works. SMITH, James, a lawyer, of Pennsylvania SMÍTH, Adam, LL. D., and F. R. S., of Lon-member of the memorable congress of 1776 don and Edinburgh, one of the commissioners and one of the signers of the declaration of In of the customs in Scotland, and formerly pro-dependence. fessor of moral philosophy, in the university of SMITH, Elizabeth, an English lady, of distin Glasgow; he died in 1790, aged 67. guished talents and learning, died in 1806. SMITH, Charlotte, an excellent English poetess, and a writer of novels of distinguished merit, died in 1806, aged 56. SMITH, George, a distinguished landscape painter, of Chichester, and an author, died in 1776, aged 62. SMITZ, Lewis, an eminent painter, of Dort, died in 1675. SMITZS, Gaspar, a Dutch portrait painter, died at Dublin, in 1689. SMOLLETT, Dr. Tobias, a physician, his torian, novelist and poet, born in Scotland, in 1720, and died in 1771. SMYTH, James. See MOORE. SMITH, John, one of the early settlers of Virginia, and for some time at the head of the colony, was distinguished for the variety of his SNELL, Rodolphus, professor of Hebrew adventures and employments, and for his bra- and mathematics, at Leyden, and a writer on very as a soldier. He was eminently service-mathematical and philosophical subjects, died able in protecting and defending the settlement in 1613. His son Willebrord, who succeeded of Virginia from destruction by the Indians, him in the chair of mathematics, in 1613, first and was only saved himself, when taken pri-discovered the true laws of refraction of light, soner by the timely interference of Pocahontas; and attempted to measure the earth in the he died in 1631. mode since adopted by Picard and Cassini; he SMITH, Thomas, was for a short time go-died in 1626. vernor of South Carolina, about 1693. SMITH, William, an eminent lawyer, and judge of the supreme court of the province of New-York, died in 1769. SMITH, William, son of the preceding, was also distinguished as a lawyer. He became chief justice of New-York, and afterwards held the same office in Canada. SMITH, Thomas, minister of Portland, Mass., died in 1795. SMITH, Josiah, of South Carolina, a distinguished divine, died at Philadelphia, in 1781. SNORRO, Sterlesonius, a native of Iceland, minister of state to one king of Denmark, and to three kings of Norway; was killed by an enemy, in 1241. He wrote a Chronicle of the Kings of Norway, &c. SNOY, Renier, a Dutch physician, and am- SNYDERS, Francis, a famous Flemish paint SMITH, Samuel, an American historian, author of a "History of the Colony of New Jer-er, died in 1657, aged 78. sey," died in 1776. SOANEN, John, an eminent French eccleSMITH, Isaac, a patriot and officer of the siastic, was bishop of Senez; he was afterAmerican revolution, and a judge of the su-wards deposed by the pope, and died in exile, preme court of New Jersey, died in 1807. SMITH, William, D. D., a native of Scotland, and provost of the College of Philadelphia, died in 1803. SMITH, Robert, D. D., an eminent man of Pennsylvania, died in 1785. in 1740. SOBIESKI, John III., king of Poland, the most renowned warrior of his time. His victories obtained over the Tartars, and the Turks, clergy-procured him the crown. He was a friend of learning, and of learned men, and died in 1696, aged 66. SMITH, John Blair, a distinguished American clergyman, settled at Philadelphia, was afterwards, the first president of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y.; he died in 1799. SOCINUS, Lælius, founder of the Socinian sect, born at Sienna, in 1525, and died in 1562. SOCINUS, Frustus, nephew of Lælius, and SMITH, Samuel Stanhope, D. D. LL. D., head of the sect which goes by his name, was an eminent presbyterian clergyman, who was born at Sienna, in 1539, and died in 1604. the founder, and first president of Hampden SOCRATES, the greatest of all the ancient Sidney college, Virginia, and afterwards pro-philosophers, born at Attica, 467 B. C., was fessor of moral philosophy and theology at put to death by the Athenians, on a false charge Princeton college, and president of that institu- of Atheism, 400 B. C. tion; he died in 1819. SMITH, Israel, a representative and senator in congress from Vermont, chief justice of the supreme court, and subsequently governor of that state, died in 1810. SMITH, Robert, D. D., an episcopal clergyman, and first bishop of the episcopal church in South Carolina, died in 1801. SMITH, Nathaniel, an eminent lawyer, was a member of congress from Connecticut, and a judge of the supreme court of that state; he died in 1822. SMITH, John, D. D., professor of Greek and the oriental languages, in Dartmouth college, New Hampshire, died in 1809. SOCRATES, a native of Constantinople, wrote an Ecclesiastical History to the year 400. SOLANDER, Dr. Daniel Charles, an eminent naturalist, who went round the world with capt. Cook, was born in Sweden, in 1736, and died in 1782. SOLE, Anthony, an eminent landscape painter, of Bologna, died in 1677. His son Joseph, was also an eminent landscape and historical painter, and died in 1719. SOLIGNAC, Peter Joseph de la Pimpie, chevalier of, the secretary and friend of Stanislaus, king of Poland, and author of a "History of Poland," died in 1773, aged 86. SOLIMENE, Francis, an illustrious Italian painter and poet, born at Naples, in 1657, and died in 1747. SOLINUS, Caius Julius, a Latin grammarian, born at Rome, about the middle of the 3d century. SOLIS, Antonio de, an ingenious Spanish historian and dramatic poet, died in 1686. SOLOMON, son of David, was king of Israel after his father. He is celebrated for his wisdom, for his piety in early life, and the temple which he erected at Jerusalem, in honour of the God of Israel. He wrote the books of Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, and the Canticles, and died 975 B. C., aged 58. SOLOMON BEN VIRGA, a Spanish physician, and rabbi, of the 16th century, author of a History of the Jews, from the destruction of the temple to his own time. SOLOMON, Ben Job Jalla, a native of Africa, son of a prince of the country, who was taken and brought to America as a slave. He was ransomed by general Oglethorpe, sent to England, and from thence to his own country. While in Great Britain he was employed in translating Arabic MSS. and was much noticed by the great. SOLON, one of the seven sages of Greece, born at Athens, about the 35th Olympiad, and died in Cyprus, 558 B. C., aged 80. He distinguished himself early, by the greatness of his courage, and the brightness of his parts, which advantages raised him to the government of his country. SOLYMAN I., emperor of the Turks, in 1402. He was a brave prince, but addicted to pleasure, which hastened his end. He was dethroned and assassinated by his brother, in 1410. SOLYMAN II., surnamed the Magnificent, succeeded his father Selim I., in 1520. His reign was useful, splendid, and victorious, and was rendered so by his bravery and valour. He died in 1566, aged 76. SOLYMAN III., emperor of Turkey, was an indolent, superstitious prince, and died in 1691. SOMBREUIL, Francis Charles Virot de, a French general, who perished on the scaffold, together with his eldest son, in 1793, on account of his attachment to Lewis XVI. His second son, Charles, escaped, and after distinguishing himself in the Prussian armies, was taken prisoner, and shot, in 1795. SORANUS, an Ephesian physician, who settled at Rome, under the emperors Trajan and Adrian. Some of his works are extant. SORBAIT, Paul, imperial physician, and professor of medicine at Vienna, wrote "Commentaries on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates," and other works, and died in 1691. SORBIERE, Samuel, a French medical and miscellaneous writer, born in 1615, and died in 1670. SORBONNE, Robert de, an eminent French divine, and founder of a college for divinity and philosophy, at Paris; he died in 1274, aged 73. SOREL, Agnes, the mistress of Charles VII., of France, was distinguished for her beauty, strength of mind, and the influence she possessed over her lover, whom she incited to deeds of glory. She died in 1450. SORGH, Hendrick, an eminent Dutch painter, died in 1684. SORRI, Peter, an Italian painter, who died in 1622. SOSIGENES, a famous Egyptian astronomer, inventor of the Julian calendar, flourished about 46 B. C. SOSTRATES, an architect, of Cnidos, who built the celebrated tower of Pharos, flourished about 273 B. C. SOTADES, a Grecian poet, of Maronæa, in* Thrace, was thrown into the sea in a leaden chest, for ridiculing Philadelphus, of Egypt, in a satirical poem. SOTHEL, Seth, a proprietor and governor of North Carolina, and afterwards governor of South Carolina, died in 1694. SOTO, Dominic, a learned Dominican, confessor to Charles V., died in 1560. He wrote several theological works. SOUBISE, John de Parthenai, lord of, a distinguished leader of the protestants, and celebrated for his brave defence of Lyons, died in 1566. SOUBISE, Benjamin de Rohan, duke of, a distinguished leader of the protestants, in the religious wars of France, died in 1640. SOUCHAI, John Baptist, a French ecclesiastic and writer, canon of Rodez, counsellor to the king, and professor of eloquence in the royal college, died in 1746. SOUCIET, Stephen, a French jesuit, librarian to the college of Louis the Great, and author of Astronomical Observations in China and India," and other works, died in 1744. His brother Stephen Augustin, who died about the same time, was professor of theology, in the college of Louis the Great, and a poet. SOMERS, John, lord-chancellor of England," an able and eloquent pleader at the bar, an honest statesman, and a patriot of the noblest and most extensive views. He was born in 1652, and died in 1716. SOMERVILLE, William, an English poet, died in 1743, aged 51. SOUFFLOT, James Germain, an eminent French architect, died in 1780. SOUTH, Dr. Robert, an English divine, and theological writer, of great learning, died in SOMMERY, N. Fontette de, a French lady, distinguished for her talents and writings, died in 1792. Her house was the resort of philoso-1716, aged 83. phers and learned men, who sought her society and conversation. SOMMIER, John Claude, a French ecclesiastic, author of a "History of the Holy See," for which he was made archbishop of Cæsarea, died in 1737. SOMNER, William, an eminent English antiquary, born in 1606, and died in 1669. SOPHOCLES, an ancient Greek tragic poet, born at Athens, 500 B. C., and died 410 B. C. He was archon, or chief magistrate of Athens. SOPHONISBA, daughter of Asdrubal, and wife of king Syphax. On his death she married Massinissa, and being compelled to abandon him by Scipio, she poisoned herself, 203 B. C. SOUTHERN, Thomas, an eminent English dramatic writer, died in 1746, aged 84. SOZOMEN, Hermias, an ecclesiastical historian of the 5th century, born in Palestine, and died about 450. SPAGNOLETTO, Joseph Ribera, an eminent painter, born near Valentia, in 1589. He settled at Naples, where he was patronised by the great, and died in 1656. SPAGNOLI, Baptist, a general, of the Carmelites, distinguished for the wisdom of the regulations he introduced into his order, for his studious habits, and for his poetical writings, died in 1516. SPAIGHT, Richard Dobbs, a member of con gress, and of the convention which formed the federal constitution, and afterwards governor of North Carolina, killed in a duel, in 1802. SPALLANZANI, Lazarus, an Italian writer, considered as one of the greatest naturalists of the age; he died in 1799. SPANHEIM, Frederic, professor of divinity, at Geneva, and afterwards at Leyden, and a distinguished preacher, died in 1649. SPANHEIM, Ezekiel, an eminent writer on history and antiquities, born at Geneva, in 1629, and died in 1710. SPANHEIM, Frederic, brother to the preceding, was a celebrated preacher at Utrecht, professor of divinity at Heidelberg, and afterwards of divinity and sacred history, at Leyden. He died in 1701. His daughter, Adriana, excelled as a painter in crayons. SPILBERG, George, a Dutch admira), who defeated the Spaniards in the South Seas, about 1616. SPINCKES, Nathaniel, of Northamptonshire, an eminent non-juring divine, died in 1727, aged 73. SPINELLO, Aretino, a Tuscan painter of great repute, born in 1328, and died in 1420. His son Paris was also an eminent painter, and is said to have painted Lucifer, in his picture of the fallen angels, in so hideous a form, that he was frightened at his own work, and affected in his senses ever after. He died in 1422, aged 56. SPINOLA, Ambrose, a famous Spanish general, died in 1630, aged 61. SPINOZA, Benedict de, born at Amsterdam, in 1638, was first a Jew, then a Christian, and lastly an atheist. He died in 1677. SPARROW, Anthony, a pious and learned English divine, made archdeacon, of Ludbury, and afterwards bishop of Exeter and Norwich; he died in 1685. SPIRA, Francis, an eminent Venetian law. SPARTACUS, a Thracian shepherd, the con-yer, in the 16th century. He was supposed to queror of some of the Roman armies, was de-favour the tenets of the reformation, and comfeated by Crassus, 71 B. C. pelled to make a recantation to save his life, which had such an effect upon his spirits, as to hasten his end. He died in 1548. SPARTIANUS, Ælius, a Latin historian, author of the "Lives of the Roman Emperors, from Cæsar to Dioclesian." SPEED, John, an English chronologist, historian, and antiquary, died in 1629, aged 74 SPELMAN, sir Henry, an eminent English historian and antiquary, died in 1641, aged 80. SPENCE, Ferrand, an English writer, of the 17th century. SPENCE, Joseph, an English poet and critic of eminence, was drowned in a canal in his garden, in 1768. SPON, Charles, an ingenious and learned French physician, died at Lyons, in 1684. He wrote Latin verses with ease and elegance, and corresponded with most of the learned men of Europe. SPON, James, son of the preceding, a celebrated physician, historian, and antiquary, born at Lyons, in 1647, and died in 1696. SPONDANUS, John, or DE SPONDE, a learned man, born in Biscay, in 1557, author of Commentary on Homer's Writings, and other works, died in 1595. SPENCER, William, an English writer, pub-a lished an edition of Origen against Celsus, in 1658, with annotations, and a Latin version." SPENCER, Dr. John, a very ingenious and learned English divine and critic, born in 1630, and died in 1695. SPONDANUS, Henry, brother of the preceding, a French civilian and annalist, died in 1643, aged 75. SPOTSWOOD, John, archbishop of St. AnSPENCER, Joseph, a brigadier and major-drews, and an author, was born in Scotland, in general of the American army, during the revo-1565, and died in 1639. lution, and a member of congress in 1779, died in 1789. SPOTSWOOD, Alexander, governor of the colony of Virginia, died in 1740. SPENER, Philip James, a Lutheran divine, SPRAGG, Edward, a valiant English naval founder of the sect called Pietists, held some ec-officer, who distinguished himself in the wars clesiastical dignities at Berlin, and died in 1705, aged 76. SPENSER, Edmund, a celebrated English poet, died in 1598, aged 45. SPERLING, Otto, a distinguished physician, of Hamburgh, went to Copenhagen, as physician to the king of Denmark. He wrote a "Catalogue of the Plants of Denmark," and died in prison, in 1681. SPERLING, John, professor of medicine, at Wittemberg, and a writer on medical subjects, died in 1658. SPERONE, Speron, an Italian dramatic and miscellaneous writer, died in 1588, aged 88. SPIELMAN, James Reinhold, an eminent physician, and professor of medicine and chymistry at Strasburg, died in 1782. He published Elements of Chymistry, and other works. SPIERINGS, Henry, an eminent landscape painter, of Antwerp, born in 1633. with the Dutch, and with the Algerines, was drowned in an engagement with Van Tromp, about 1673. SPRANGHER, Bartholomew, an eminent painter, of Antwerp, was patronised at Rome, by Pius V., and in Germany, by the emperor Rodolphus, by whom he was ennobled. He died in 1623. SPRAT, Dr. Thomas, bishop of Rochester, a historian and poet, died in 1713, aged 77. He wrote the "History of the Royal Society," and other works. SPRING, Samuel, D. D., a distinguished American clergyman, pastor of a presbyterian church, in Newburyport, Mass., died in 1819. SPROAT, James, D. D., an able and exem plary clergyman, of Philadelphia, died in 1793. SPURSTOW, William, D. D., an English divine, and a member of the Westminster assembly of divines, died in 1666. SQUARCIONE, Francis, an Italian painter of great celebrity, died in 1474. SQUIRE, Dr. Samuel, bishop of St. David's, SPIERS, Albert Van, an admired historical painter, of Amsterdam, died in 1718, aged 52. SPIGELIUS, Adrian,a native of Brussels, professor of surgery and anatomy at Padua, died a poetical, historical, and antiquarian writer, in 1625. His works were published at Amster-died in 1766. dam, in 1645. STAAL, madame de, a French lady of great SPILBERG, John, an eminent portrait and wit, wife of an officer of the horse guards, and historical painter, of Dusseldorf, died in 1691.author of comedies, memoirs. &c., died in 1750. 1 |