they flow spontaneously from the lips of the relator, almost without a question on the part of the individual, who must have listened with gasping attention to the minutest syllable. The reader will be so much a partaker of this anxiety, that we will not detain him from the justification Buonaparte attempts for the seizure and subsequent execution of the Duke d'Enghien: the author states, that to his utter astonishment, without any previous urging, Napoleon entered upon the subject, adverting first to some important circumstances connected with it.

**At this eventful period of my life, I had succeeded in restoring order and tranquillity to a kingdom torn asunder by faction, and deluged in blood. That nation had placed me at their head. I came not not as your Cromwell did, or your Third Richard. No such thing. I found a crown in the kennel; I cleansed it from it from its filth, and placed it on my head. My safety now became necessary, to preserve that tranquillity so recently restored, and hitherto so satisfactorily preserved, as the leading characters of the nation well know. At the same time, reports were every night brought me (I think he said by General Ryal) that conspiracies were in agitation; that meetings were held in particular houses in Paris, and names even were mentioned; at the same time, no satisfactory proofs could be obtained, and the utmost vigilance and ceaseless pursuit of the police was evaded. General Moreau, indeed, became suspected, and I was seriously importuned to issue an order for his arrest; but his character was such, his name stood so high, and the estimation of him so great in the public mind, that, as it appeared to me, he had nothing to gain, and every thing to lose, by becoming a conspirator against me; I therefore could not but exonerate him from such a suspicion. I accordingly refused an order for the proposed arrest, by the following intimation to the Minister of Police; You have named Pichegru, Georges, and Moreau: convince me that the former is in Paris, and I will immediately cause the latter to be arrested. Another, and a very singular circumstance, led to the developement of the plot. One night, as I lay agitated and wakeful, I rose from my bed, and examined the list of suspected traitors; and chance, which rules the world, occasioned my stumbling, as it were, on the name of a surgeon who had lately returned from an English prison. This man's age, education, and experience in life, induced me to believe that his conduct must be attributed to any other motive than that of youthful fanaticism in favour of a Bourbon: as far as circumstances qualified me to judge, money appeared to be his object. I accordingly gave orders for this man to be ar rested; when a summary mock-trial was instituted, by which he was found guilty, sentenced to die, and informed he had but six hours to live. This stratagem had the desired effect: he was terrified into confession. It was now known that Pichegru had a brother, a me

nastic priest, then residing in Paris. I ordered a party of gens d'armes to visit this man; and if he had quitted his house, I con ceived there would be good ground for suspicion. The old monk was secured, and, in the act of his arrest, his fears betrayed what I most wanted to know. 'Is it,' he exclaimed, because I afforded shelter to a brother, that I am thus treated?'-The object of the plot was to destroy me, and the success of it would, of course, have been my destruction. It emanated from the capital of your country, with the Court d'Artois at the head of it. To the west he sent the Duke de Berri, and to the east the Duke d'Enghien. To France your vessels conveyed underlings of the plot, and Morean became a convert to the cause. The moment was big with evil: I felt myself on a tottering eminence; and I resolved to hurl the thunder back upon the Bourbous, even in the metropolis of the British empire.— My minister vehemently urged the seizure of the Duke, though in a neutral territory; but I still hesitated; and Prince Benevento brought the order twice, and urged the measure with all his powers of persuasion: it was not, however, till I was fully convinced of its necessity, that I sanctioned it by my signature. The matter could be easily arranged between me and the Duke of Baden. Why, indeed, should I suffer a man, residing on the very confines of my kingdom, to commit a crime which, within the distance of a mile, by the ordinary course of law, Justice herself would condemn to the scaffold? And now, answer me: did 1 do more than adopt the principle of your government, when it ordered the capture of the Danish fleet, which was thought to threaten mischief to your country?-It had been urged to me again and again, as a sound political opinion, that the new dynasty could not be secure while the Bourbons remained. Talleyrand never deviated from this principle; it was a fixed, unchangeable article in his political creed. But I did not become a ready or a willing convert: I examined the opinion with care and with caution; and the result was a perfect conviction of its necessity. The Duke d'Enghien was accessary to the confederacy; and, although the resident of a neutral territory, the urgency of the case, in which my safety and the public tranquillity (to use no stronger expression) were involved, justified the proceeding. I accordingly ordered him to be seized and tried: he was found guilty, and sentenced to be shot. The sentence was immediately executed; and the same fate would have followed had it been Louis the Eighteenth. For I again declare, that I found it necessary to roll the thunder back on the metropolis of England; as from thence, with the Count d'Artois at their head, did the assassins assail me." (p. 144-149.)

To think that we have these astonishing relations and confessions from the mouth of no less a man than Buonaparte himself, is almost overwhelming: the particulars must have strongly, indelibly, impressed the mind of the hearer; and, unless we are prepared to say that Mr. WarCRIT. REV. VOL. IV. Dec. 1816.

4 H

den has been guilty of the greatest and foulest forgery the world ever knew, we must believe there statements in most of the points of magnitude. We have arranged these matters rather in the order of their importance than of their chronology; and we now proceed to a charge of somewhat less notoriety, but even of greater enormity,-that of the assassination of Captain Wright in the Temple. Mr. Warden is first informed of the purpose with which Captain Wright had approached the French coast in his brig, viz. to land spies and others, who were to enter into a plot against the life of the Emperor of the French. Buonaparte thus refutes the accusation against him:

"The brig was afterwards taken near L'Orient, with Captain Wright, its commander, who was carried before the Prefect of the department of Morbeau, at Vannes: General Julian, then Prefect, bad accompanied me in the expedition to Egypt, and recognized Captain Wright on the first view of him. Intelligence of this circumstance was instantly transmitted to Paris; and instructions were expeditiously returned to interrogate the crew separately, and transfer their testimonies to the Minister of Police. The purport of their examination was at first very unsatisfactory; but at length, on the examination of one of the crew, some light was thrown on the subject. He stated that the brig had landed several Frenchmen, and among them he particularly remembered one, a very merry fellow, who was called Pichegru. Thus a clue was found that led to the discovery of a plot, which, had it succeeded, would bave thrown the French nation a second time into a state of revolution. Captain Wright was accordingly conveyed to Paris, and confined in the Temple; there to remain till it was found convenient to bring the formidable accessaries to this treasonable design to trial. The law of France would have subjected Wright to the punishment of death; but he was of minor consideration. My grand object was to secure the principals; and I considered the English captain's evidence of the utmost consequence towards completing my object.'-He again and again most solemnly asserted, that Captain Wright died in the Temple by his own hand, as described in the Moniteur, and at a much earlier period than has been generally believed. At the same time, he stated that his assertion was founded on documents which he had since examined." (p. 140-141.)

In the same manner Buonaparte is represented as most strenuously repelling the imputation that he had ordered that Pichegru should be strangled. His projected invasion of England is also discussed, the Ex-Emperor maintaining its practicability, though admitting its danger; and the Infernal Machine in its turn becomes one of the topics of con

versation-in short, there seem few matters of note or curiosity that are not touched upon at different times in the visits of Mr. Warden to Longwood. We hope that he has not been guilty of any breach of the confidence which appears to have been placed in him, by the publication of these details. We regret that we cannot extend our article to greater length, in order to notice some of the observations merely personal. We must satisfy ourselves with the following opinion of Buonaparte upon suicide, in reply to those who recommended that, rather than rely on the generosity of an enemy, he should have put a period to his own existence: he is observing upon English newspapers, and their strictures upon his conduct.

They are occasionally inconsistent, and sometimes abusive. In one paper I am called a liar, in another a tyrant, in a third a monster, and in one of them, which I really did not expect, I am described as a coward: but it turned out, after all, that the writer did not accuse me of avoiding danger in the field of battle, or flying from an enemy, or fearing to look at the menaces of fate and fortune; it did not charge me with wanting presence of mind in the hurry of battle, and in the suspense of conflicting armies ;-no such thing: I wanted courage, it seems, because I did not coolly take a dose of poison, or throw myself into the sea, or blow out my brains. The editor most certainly misunderstands me; I have, at least, too much courage for that.” (p. 132-133.)

In the course of the volume (almost of course) the battle of Waterloo is brought upon the tapis, and Napoleon and one of his generals are represented taking great pains to shew Mr. Warden the causes why the day was lost by them; but as the author does not profess to have understood very well their explanations, he could not be expected to be very clear in his own. We have, therefore, disregarded it altogether.

In conclusion, we would observe only, that we are sorry the author has not pursued a plan of greater simplicity in his narrations: if he had contented himself with giving extracts from his diary, instead of manufacturing the details into letters for publication, we should have been disposed to place much greater reliance on his accuracy and fidelity. We wish that Mr. Warden had not published the volume upon his own account, since that very intention might lead him to frame the details in a more taking manner.

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ART. V.-Practical Illustratious of Typhus and other Fe brile Diseases. By JOHN ARMSTRONG, M. D. Longman and Co. London; and Constable and Co. Edinburg, 1816. 8vo. pp. 305.

NOTHING has contributed so much to the improvement of medicine in modern times, as the extended cultivation of pathological anatomy, aided by a more perfect system of physiology. Before the accumulating light which continues to spring from this source, the fanciful and erroneous spe culations of some ingenious men, whose influence too long rendered medical inquirers blind to the legitimate objects of investigation, bave for some time been gradually disappearing; and it is probable, will soon be recognized only in the obsolete writings of their authors, and in those of their immediate followers. Within these few years a new class of medical writers has arisen, uniting to great accuracy of observation a spirit of rational inquiry; little disposed to yield implicit deference to the unsupported dogmas of any authority, however high; rejecting, in general, the aid of hypothesis in the explanation of morbid phenomena; and relying on the direct testimony of their senses, instead of delusive fantasies of the imagination, for guidance in discovering the true nature and most suitable treatment of diseases. In this honourable class we have no hesitation in placing the author of the volume now under review, which (and higher praise can hardly be given) is worthy of standing beside the admirable work of Dr. Blackhall: what that writer has accomplished with regard to dropsies, Dr. Armstrong has successfully attempted in the case of fever,-a careful discrimination between the several stages, degrees, and varieties of the disease; and a judicious adaptation of remedies to each this is the only sure method of enlarging the boundaries of medical science, and not to be effected without an unusual share of intelligence and zeal. Some idea of this writer's excellence we shall, without further preface, endeavour to communicate; but it is not possible that any analysis should be capable of doing justice to a work where every page is important.

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Our author distributes the class of febrile diseases into three orders: namely, such as are excited and propagated by specific contagions, those which arise from marsh and similar miasmata, and those which depend upon topical affections. With respect to the latter, it is said, they differ from the others chiefly in this, that "the fever can be