LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

A full and complete Abstract of of Dr. Johnson, Mr. Walker, and all the Public Acts of Parliament, others, improved by the addition of passed in the last Session of Parlia- | many modern words not to be found ment, 56 Geo. III. with Notes and in any other pocket dictionary. To Comments, and also a copious In- which are appended, Scripture Prodex. By Thomas Walter Wil-nunciation, Latin, French, and other liams, of the Inner Temple, Esq. Edi- words and phrases which frequently tor of the quarto Digest of the Sta- occur in books and conversation, tutes, &c. This Abstract, which it with their pronunciation and meanis intended to continue annually, con- ings; and a brief Sketch of Heathen tains a very full and accurate Mythology. By Christopher EarnAbridgement of all the various shaw. clauses and provisions, penalties and forfeitures, contained in the Acts of the last Session of Parliament, and cannot be otherwise than eminently useful, not only to Justices of the Peace and Parish Officers, in the practical discharge of their duties, but also to the public in general, who, from a want of proper information in respect to the current enactments of the legislature, very frequently involve themselves most inadvertently in consequences highly penal and prejudicial.

The Emigrant's Guide; or, a Picture of America, exhibiting a View of the United States, divested of democratic colouring, taken from the original, now in the possession of James Madison and his Twenty-one Governments. Also a Sketch of the British Provinces, delineating their native beauties, and superior attractions. By an old Scene Painter.

Sancho, or the Proverbialist. By J. W. Cunningham, A. M. Vicar of Harrow.

Britannica Depicta: being a series of Views of the most interesting and picturesque Objects in the several Counties of Great Britain, engraved from Drawings by J. Farrington, Esq. R A.

Vol.VII. (containing Cumberland) of Magna Britannica; being a concise Topographical Account of the several Counties of Great Britain. By the Rev. Daniel Lysons, A. M. F. R. S. F.R.S. F.A. and L.S. Rector of Rodmarton, Gloucestershire, and Samuel Lysons, Esq. F.R.S. and F. A.S. Keeper of his Majesty's Records in the Tower of London.

Eglantine, or the Family of Fortescue, a Novel, in two volumes. By Charlotte Nooth.

A Tour through some Parts of Istria, Carniola, Styria, Austria, the Tyrol, Italy, and Sicily, in the Spring of 1814. By a young English Mer

Laura's Dream, or the Moon Landers.

My Landlady's Gown, a Farce, in two Acts, as performed at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket. By W. C. Oulton.chant. Sermons. By the Rev. Daniel de Superville, formerly Pastor of the French Church at Rotterdam. Translated from the French by John Allen, 1 vol. 8vo. with portrait.

A Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Gloucester, at the Primary Visitation of that Diocese in the year 1816. By Henry Ryder, D. D. Bishop of Gloucester.

Mary and Fanny, a Narrative, by Juvenis.

The Original of the Miniature, a Novel. By Selina Davenport.

Orthoepy Simplified; being a new and comprehensive explanatory pronouucing Dictionary of the English Language, selected from the Works

An Answer to the Bishop of St. David's "Reasons why a New Translation of the Bible should not be published." By John Bellamy.

A Treatise on Diseased Spine and Distorted Spine, with Cases to illustrate the Success of a new Method of Cure. By T. Sheldrake.

Observations on the Natural His

tory of Bees. By Francis Huber. Translated from the Original.

Manuel of the System of the British and Foreign School Society of London for teaching Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and Needle-work in the Elementary Schools.

The Pomona Britannica, being a Collection of Specimens, beautifully coloured after Nature, of the most esteemed Fruits at present culti-pal, on the nature of the substances vated in this Country, with Descriptions. By G. Brookshaw, Esq.

employed in the composition of varnishes and colours, and on various Remarks on the Art of making processes used in the art. By P. F. Wine, with Suggestions for the Ap- Tingry, Professor of Chemistry, Naplication of its Principles to the Im-tural History, and Mineralogy in the provement of Domestic Wines. By Academy of Geneva. John Macculloch, M. D.

Useful Knowledge; or a Familiar and Explanatory Account of the va- A comparative View of the Heights rious Productions of Nature, Mine- of the principal Mountains in the ral, Vegetable, and Animal, which World, with their Altitudes, carefully are chiefly employed for the Use of taken from the most approved authoMan. Illustrated with numerous Fi-rities, and so arranged as to form a gures, and intended as a Work both most pleasing picture. of Instruction and Reference. By the Rev. W. M. Bingley, A. M.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

The communication (in French) of A. A. has not been received. The two publications by M. and C. mentioned in a note of the 6th of August, have not been seen by the Editors.

E. H. B.'s Letter from T. is under consideration, and the Editors return their thanks to the writer.

PRINTED BY W. SMITH AND CO. KING STREET, SEVEN DIALS.

THE

CRITICAL REVIEW:
Series the Fifth.

'Vol. IV.]

SEPTEMBER, 1816.

[No. III.

ART. 1.-Memoirs of the Ionian Islands, considered in a Commercial, Political, and Military Point of View; in which their Advantages of Position are described, as well as their Relations with the Greek Continent; including the Life and Character of Ali Pacha, the present Ruler of Greece; together with a Comparative Display of the Ancient and Modern Geography of the Epirus, Thessaly, Morea, part of Macedonia, &c. &c. By General GoIL LAUME DE VAUDENCOURT, late of the Italian Service. Translated from the original inedited MS. by WM. WALTON, Esq. London, Baldwin, 8vo. 1816. Pp. 502. GENERAL VAUDENCOURT, we are told, was, both from his military and political duties, led to an acquaintance with some of the countries noticed in the title to this work. In 1807 he directed the operations of the siege of St. Maura, the capital of one of the Ionian Islands, and also the defence of Prevesa, situated on the adjacent continent; and in the same year he was entrusted with a mission to the Beys of Erzegovina, the Pachas of Scutari and Berat, and to the Vizir Ali, Pacha of Ioannina. During these transactions, which seem to have terminated within that year, he resided either in the states of Ali Pacha, or at Corfu; and since this period has possessed abundant means of improving his knowledge in the affairs of those countries. These have, in part, consisted of official documents unpublished, descriptive of the situation, and intended to be conducive to the welfare of the people to whom they refer. The mo. tive assigned for the labours of the writer is of a liberal character. "All classes of readers," he 66 says, must naturally be actuated by a wish to know and contemplate a people who, impelled by a combination of fortuitous events into the career of liberty and independence, now find themselves in the direction of a nation capable of guiding and securing their steps."

"May the perusal of his work," proceeds the author, "excite in the hearts of his readers the same interest he himself feels for the CRIT. REV. VOL. IV. Sept. 1816.

2 F

descendants of our masters in the arts and sciences, and may it awaken feelings of regard towards a country, where a wise, enlightened, and protecting government, will so easily find the means of combining its own personal advantages with the good of humanity, and the glory of founding and securing the prosperity of a people formed to appreciate so great a benefit." (p. 7.)

The course of events which the General found it convenient to follow, led him to a less regular arrangement than might otherwise have been eligible, and he therefore gives us a separate classification of his subject in these terms:

"1st, The general situation of Turkey in Europe, at the issue of the revolutions of the latter continent, together with the real advantages she ought to derive, with regard to her political existence, from the occupation of the Ionian Islands by Great Britain.

"2d, The political state of the Ionian Islands under the Venetians; the influence of the vicissitudes they have experienced on the public mind of the Septinsulars; and the existing necessity they are under of obtaining an enlightened and protecting government, in order to direct and fix the course of their interior administration.

"3d, The relations of the Ionian Islands with the continent of Greece; the advantages France and Russia thence derived during their possession of these islands, and the means of extending and improving these relations.

4th, The geographical and statistical description of the Seven Islands, and of the neighbouring continent of Greece, in conformity to ancient and modern geography. The present situation of the Epirus and South Albania, under the famous Ali Pacha; his history, and the manner in which he has formed his states; his political position, and views on the Ionian Islands,

"5th, A description of the manners, habits, and customs of the Septinsulars, and of the inhabitants of the neighbouring continent of Greece. A sketch of the active and passive trade, and the landcommunications of Corfu with European Turkey, together with their application, as well to the commerce now carried on, as that which might still be called forth.

6th, The military situation of Turkey in Europe, with a view to the projects of invasion by her neighbours; means of attack, and probabilities of defence." (p. 8-9.)

For nearly a century, the continuance of the Ottoman power in Europe has been more to be ascribed to the mutual jealousies of its imperial neighbours, than either to its own strength, or their weakness; yet other circumstances deserve attention. Catherine II. formed the plan of sending a squadron into the Mediterranean to occasion a general insurrection of the Greek dependencies; but she was deceived by her own corrupt agents, and the scheme was

abortive, as they plundered those they were sent to protect. Austria had attempted the same, and neglected no means of influencing the Greeks, who began to consider Joseph as their deliverer. During the first fifteen years of the French Revolution, the principal states of the continent were so deeply engaged with that grand movement, that they had neither time nor inclination to attend to the circumstances of Turkey it is true, that the fall of the Venetian republic had placed Dalmatia at the disposal of Austria, and the Seven Islands under the control of France; but the latter was yet too much pressed by interior disorders and external foes, in her own immediate neighbourhood, to allow her to take advantage of such new acquisitions, so that they might become the basis of any rational enterprise on the shores of the Thracian Bosphorus. In this condition were affairs up to the year 1807, when the growing power of Napoleon found room for exercise in every direction, and he was already in collision with the Mahometan states.

"After the peace of Tilsit, and more especially after that of Altenburg, France found herself in immediate contact with Turkey, from the confines of Croatia to the mouths of the Cattaro, and from Chimera as far as the Morea. This contact seemed adapted to change the nature of the preceding relations of the two empires. It did not, in fact, appear possible that France could have preserved in. her vicinity the same interest for the preservation of the Ottoman empire, which she had when situated at a more remote distance. The successive aggrandizement of Napoleon's empire-the everincreasing pressure he exercised from west to east, and which even his fatal war in Spain had never suspended-all seemed to announce that a new change in the political system of Europe was about to produce the dismemberment of the Turkish empire. Nevertheless, the conduct of Napoleon towards the Porte was uniformly dubious; whether it was that he had not yet fixed his determination on that point, or that the time had not yet arrived for putting his plans into execution. On the one hand, he appeared to abandon that country to the discretion of Russia; and in not insisting on the performance of an article in the treaty of Tilsit, he seemed to consent to its depression or its destruction: on the other, he took care to ameliorate the land-communications of Turkey with Dalmatia and Croatia, and to open others. He converted the custom house of Kostainitzat into an

By this article, it was stipulated that the Russian troops should evacuate Moldavia and Valachia.

+ Kostainitza is a small village situated in an island of the river Unna, to the south of Sissek, and on the confines of Bosnia. It was formerly the entrepôt of the land-commerce between Turkey, Austria, and Germany, and a custom-house was established for the receipt of duties. The caravans from Constantinople, Salonica, Monastir, and Thessaly, came by the way