8. The ellipsis of the conjunction is as follows: "They confess the power, wisdom, goodness, and love, of their Creator;" i. e. "the power, and wisdom, and goodness, and love of," &c. "Though I love him, I do not flatter him;" that is, "Though I love him, yet I do not flatter him."

There is a very common ellipsis of the conjunction that: as, "He told me he would proceed immediately;" "I desired he would not be too hasty;" "I fear it comes too much from the heart;" instead of, "He told me that he would proceed immediately:" "I desired that he would not be too hasty:" "I fear that it comes too much from the heart."-This ellipsis is tolerable in conversation, and in epistolary writing: but it should be sparingly indulged, in every other species of composition. The French do not use this mode of expression: they avoid the ellipsis on such occasions.

9. The ellipsis of the interjection is not very common: it, however, is sometimes used: as, "Oh! pity and shame!" that is, "Oh! pity! Oh! shame!"

As the ellipsis occurs in almost every sentence in the English language, numerous examples of it might be given: but only a few more can be admitted here.

In the following instance, there is a very considerable one: "He will often argue, that if this part of our trade were well cultivated, we should gain from one nation; and if another, from another;" that is, "He will often argue, that if this part of our trade were well cultivated, we should gain from one nation, and if another part of our trade were well cultivated, we should gain from another nation."

Sometimes a considerable part of a sentence is properly omitted, when we presume that the nominative case and its whole regimen may be readily understood: as, "Nature has given to animals one time to act, and another to rest :" instead of saying: "Nature has given to animals one time to act, and nature has given to animals another time to rest."

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The following instances, though short, contain much of the ellipsis; "Wo is me;" i. e. "wo is to me." "To let blood;" i. e." to let out blood." "To let down;" i. e. " to let it fall or slide down." "To walk a mile;" i. e. "to walk through the space of a mile." "To sleep all night;" i. e, "To sleep through all the night." "To go a fishing;" "To go a hunting;" i. e. "to go on a fishing voyage or business;" "to go on a hunting party," "I dine at two o'clock; i. e. "at two of the clock." "By sea, by land, on shore;" i. e. "By the sea, by the land, on the shore."

It is very frequent, when the word notwithstanding agrees with a number of words, or with an entire clause, to omit the whole except this word: and in this usc. of notwithstanding,

we have a striking proof of the value of abbreviations in language. For example: "Moses said, let no man leave of it till the morning: notwithstanding, they hearkened not unto him." Here notwithstanding appears without the clause to which it belongs; and to complete the sense in words, it would be necessary to repeat the whole preceding clause, or the substance of it.-"Moses said, let no man leave of it till the morning. Notwithstanding this command of Moses, or notwithstanding Moses said that which has been recited, they hearkened not unto Moses."-"Folly meets with success in this world: but it is true, nothwithstanding, that it labours under disadvantages." This passage, at length, would read thus: "Folly meets with success in the world: but it is true, notwithstanding folly meets with success in the world, that it labours under disadvantages."

It is not unusual to apply a pronoun, this, that, which, or what, to represent nearly the whole of a sentence: as, "Bodies which have no taste, and no power of affecting the skin, may, notwithstanding this, act upon organs which are more delicate." Here this stands for, "they have no taste, and no power to affect the skin."

In the following example, the pronoun and participle are omitted: "Conscious of his own weight and importance, the aid of others was not solicited." Here the words he being are understood, that is, "He being conscious of his own weight and importance." This clause constitutes the case absolute, or, the nominative absolute; which is not so obvious before, as after, the ellipsis is supplied.

10. The examples that follow are produced to show the impropriety of ellipsis in some particular cases. "The land was always possessed, during pleasure, by those intrusted with the command" it should be, "those persons intrusted;" or, "those who were intrusted." "If he had read further, he would have found several of his objections might have been spared;" that is, "he would have found that several of his objections," &c. "There is nothing men are more deficient in, than knowing their own characters." It ought to be, "nothing in which men ;" and, "than in knowing' scarcely know any part of natural philosophy would yield more variety and use;" it should be," which would yield," &c. "In the temper of mind he was then;" i. e. "in which he then was." "The little satisfaction and consistency, to be found in most of the systems of divinity I have met with, made me betake myself to the sole reading of the Scriptures" it ought to be," which are to be found," and, "which I have met with." "He desired they might go to the altar together, and jointly return their thanks to whom only they were due;" i. e. " to him to whom," &c.

RULE XXII.

ALL the parts of a sentence should correspond to each other: a regular and dependent construction, throughout, should be carefully preserved. The following sentence is therefore inaccurate: "He was more beloved, but not so much admired, as Cinthio." It should be, "He was more beloved than Cinthio, but not so much admired."

See vol. ii. part 3. Exercises, Chap. 1. Rule 22.

THE first example under this rule, presents a most irregular construction, namely, "He was more beloved as Cinthio." The words more and so much, are very improperly stated as having the same regimen. In correcting such sentences, it is not necessary to supply the latter ellipsis of the corrected sentence, by saying, "but not so much admired as Cinthio was;" because the ellipsis cannot lead to any discordant or improper construction, and the supply would often be harsh or inelegant. -See RULE XX. and the Notes under it.

As the 22d Rule comprehends all the preceding rules, it may, at the first view, appear to be too general to be useful. But by ranging under it a number of sentences peculiarly constructed, we shall perceive, that it is calculated to ascertain the true grammatical construction of many modes of expression, which none of the particular rules can sufficiently explain.

"This dedication may serve for almost any book, that has, is, or shall be published." It ought to be, "that has been, or shall be published." "He was guided by interests always different, sometimes contrary to, those of the community;" "different from " or, "always different from those of the community, and sometimes contrary to them." "Will it be urged that these books are as old, or even older than tradition?" The words, "as old," and "older," cannot have a common regimen; it should be, "as old as tradition, or even older." "It requires few talents to which most men are not born, or at least may not acquire;" "or which, at least, they may not acquire." "The court of chancery frequently mitigates and breaks the teeth of the common law." In this construction, the first verb is said "to mitigate the teeth of the common law," which is an evident solecism. "Mitigates the common law, and breaks the teeth of it," would have been grammatical.

"They presently grow into good humour, and good language towards the crown;" "grow into good language," is

very improper. "There is never wanting a set of evil instruments, who either out of mad zeal, private hatred, or filthy lucre, are always ready," &c. We say properly, “A man acts out of mad zeal," or, "out of private hatred," but we cannot say, if we would speak English, "he acts out of filthy lucre." "To double her kindness and caresses of me:" the word "kindness” requires to be followed by either to or for, and cannot be construed with the preposition of. "Never was man so teased or suffered half the uneasiness, as I have done this evening:" the first and third clauses, viz. "Never was man so teased, as I have done this evening," cannot be joined without an impropriety: and to connect the second and third, the word that must be substituted for as; Or, suffered half the uneasiness that I have done;" or else, "half so much uneasiness as I have suffered."

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The first part of the following sentence abounds with adverbs, and those such as are hardly consistent with one another: "How much soever the reformation of this degenerate age is almost utterly to be despaired of, we may yet have a more comfortable prospect of future times." The sentence would be more correct in the following form: "Though the reformation of this degenerate age is nearly to be despaired of," &c.

"Oh! shut not up my soul with the sinners, nor my life with the blood-thirsty; in whose hands is wickedness, and their right hand is full of gifts." As the passage, introduced by the copulative conjunction and, was not intended as a continuation of the principal and independent part of the sentence, but of the dependent part, the relative whose should have been used instead of the possessive their; viz. “and whose right hand is full of gifts."

The following sentences, which give the passive voice the regimen of an active verb, are very irregular, and by no means to be imitated; "The bishops and abbots were allowed their seats in the house of lords;" "Thrasea was forbidden the presence of the emperor." "He was shown that very story in one of his own books." These sentences should have been; "The bishops and abbots were allowed to have (or to take) their seats in the house of lords;" or, "Seats in the house of lords were allowed to the bishops and abbots:" "Thrasea was forbidden to approach the presence of the emperor;" or, "The presence of the emperor was forbidden to Thrasea:" "That very story was shown to him in one of his own books."

The subsequent paragraph contains forms of sentences, which, though they are not uncommon, have an irregular construction, and should, with others of a similar nature, be carefully avoided. "The meeting was obliged to be defer

red." "They are expected to be sent for next week." "He was forced to be lifted into his carriage." "The horses were ordered to be exercised every day."-These sentences may be corrected in the following manner. “It was necessary to defer the meeting;" or, "The meeting was necessarily deferred." "They expect to be sent for next week;" or, "It is expected they will be sent for next week." "He was under the necessity of being lifted into his carriage" or, "It was necessary to lift him into his carriage." "Orders were given to exercise the horses every day;" or, "They ordered that the horses should be exercised every day."

"Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him." There seems to be an impropriety in this sentence, in which the same noun serves in a double capacity, performing at the same time the offices both of the nominative and objective cases. "Neither hath it entered into the heart of man, to conceive the things." &c. would have been regular.

"We have the power of retaining, altering, and compounding those images which we have once received, into all the varieties of picture and vision." It is very proper to say, "altering and compounding those images which we have once received, into all the varieties of picture and vision;" but we can with no propriety say, "retaining them into all the varieties;" and yet, according to the manner in which the words are ranged, this construction is unavoidable: for, "retaining, altering, and compounding," are participles, each of which equally refers to and governs the subsequent noun, those images; and that noun again is necessarily connected with the following preposition, into. The construction might easily have been rectified, by disjoining the participle, retaining from the other two participles, in this way: "We have the power of retaining those images which we have once received, and of altering and compounding them into all the varieties of picture and vision;" or, perhaps better thus: "We have the power of retaining, altering, and compounding those images which we have once received, and of forming them into all the varieties of picture and vision."

THE INTERJECTION.

THE syntax of the Interjection is of so very limited a nature, that it does not require a distinct, appropriate rule;