Woodchester, S.A. A village in a farming district 43 miles S.E. from Adelaide. Nearest railway stations, Mount Baker and Strathalbyn. Population 100.

Woodend, N.Z. A township in an agricultural district, 16 miles from Christchurch, in North Canterbury. Nearest railway station, Kaiapoi, 2 miles distant. Population 510.

Woodend, N.Z. A station 6 miles from Invercargill, on the Invercargill Bluff railway.

Woodend, Vict. A township and summer resort in an agricultural district, and railway station on the Melbourne and Echuca line, 1840 feet above sealevel, on the Five Mile creek, 48 miles N. of Melbourne; a good water supply The celebrated" Hanging Rock" and Mount Macedon are in the neighbourhood. Population 1200. Newspaper, Woodend

Star.

Woodford, Vict. A small township in a fruit-growing district on the Merri river, 166 miles from Melbourne, 16 miles from Belfast. Nearest railway station, Warrnambool, 6 miles distant. It contains a tannery and bacon factory. Population 300.

Woodhouslee, N.S.W. A small township in a farming and grazing district, within 4 miles of the Dividing range, between the Bathurst and Goulburn districts; 144 miles S.W. of Sydney. Nearest railway station, Goulburn, 17 miles distant. . Population 200.

Woodlands, N.Z. A small township and railway station on the Invercargill and Dunedin line, on the river Waihopai, 12 miles N.E. from Invercargill; contains meat-preserving works, dairy, factory and saw-mills.

Wood's Lake, Tas A small lake in the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland between Lake Sorell and the Great Lake.

Wood's Point, Vict. A mountain township in a gold-mining district on the Goulburn river, 122 miles by the Yarra track (203 by rail and coach), N.E. of Melbourne and 34 miles from Jamieson. Nearest railway station, Yea. Population 290

Woodsdale, Tas. A village in an agricultural district, 71 miles from Hobart. Nearest railway station, Parattah, 16 miles distant.

Woodside, N.S.W. A grazing and farming district 249 miles N. of Sydney. Nearest railway station, Hexham.

Woodside, S.A. A township in an agricultural and gold-mining district, 23 miles E. of Adelaide. Nearest railway station, Balhannah, on the Southern line from Adelaide to Port Victoria. Population 200.

Woodstock, N.S.W. A village 207 miles W. of Sydney. Nearest railway station, Cowra. Population 200.

Woodstock, N.Z. A mining town about 5 miles from Hokitika, and on the banks of the Hokitika river. Payable washdirt is found in the vicinity, and the neighbourhood has for years supported by sluicing, and the yield could be a mining population; gold is obtained greatly increased if there were a large supply of water. Population 800.

Woodville, N.Z. A township in a timber district, and the terminus of the Napier line, situated in the Seventy-Mile Bush, at the junction of the Wairarapa, Manawatu and Napier roads, 95 miles from Napier; contains cheese and bacon factory, several saw-mills, and grows good hops and tobacco. Population 1500. Newspaper, Woodville Examiner.

Woodville, S.A. A suburban township, and railway station on the Port line, 5 miles W. of Adelaide. Population, with district, 2650.

Woolamai, Cape, Vict. The most easterly point of Phillip Island on the Southern Ocean.

Woolgar, Qd. A'goldfield adjacent to the Etheridge on the Woolgar river, a tributary of the Flinders, 80 miles N. of Richmond, and 170 miles S. of Georgetown.

at

Wool-growing in Australia. See also SHEEP. The number of sheep first introduced into Australia was twenty-nine. The number at the end of 1890 was 114,078,977. The wool production of 1889 was 535,435,633 lb., valued £21,887,574, which was as nearly as possible 42 per cent. of the total export of the Australasian colonies. In 1890 the wool exported was 499,584,735 lb., valued at £20,344,370, in addition to about 6,000,000 lb. weight valued at £410,000 manufactured in Australasia, principally in New Zealand, Victoria and New South Wales.

Woollahra, N.S.W. A fashionable residential suburb of Sydney, 3 miles distant, near the shores of Port Jackson. Tram and 'bus communication; Sydney can also be reached by ferry steamer. Population 9000.

Woolloomooloo, N.S.W. A suburb of Sydney which stretches from the high land near Paddington to Woolloomooloo Bay.

Woolsthorpe (or Spring Creek), Vict. A small township in a pastoral district, and railway station on the line from Koroit to Hamilton on the E. bank of Spring creek, 185 miles S. W. of Melbourne, 20 miles from Belfast, and 9 miles from Koroit. Population 190.

Woomargama, N.S.W. A village in an agricultural district on the main south road, 21 miles N.E. of Albury and 347 miles S. W. of Sydney. Population 60.

Woongarra, Qd. A village in a sugargrowing district, 6 miles from Bundaberg. The Sloping Hummock mountain is in the neighbourhood.

Woonoona, N.S.W. A township in a mining district 60 miles S. of Sydney, and 6 miles from Woollongong; the nearest port for Sydney or nearest railway station, Bulli, 1 mile distant. Population 460.

Sydney Cove was lost at Furneaux Island, Bass's Strait, while on a voyage to Sydney in 1797; a portion of the crew made their way overland to Sydney, and were the first Europeans to land on Victorian shores. The number of wrecks since that date have been legion. The most noteworthy connected with Australasia are the following: the Amphitrite, with 131 female convicts, wrecked in 1833 at Boulogne while on her voyage to Sydney; only 3 saved. Lady Munro, from Calcutta to Sydney, 1834; 70 persons drowned. The Edward Lombe, wrecked at Middle Head, Sydney, 1834; 12 persons drowned. The convict ship George III., wrecked at D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tas., 1835; 120 persons drowned. The Neva, wrecked on King's Island, Bass's Straits, 1835; 300 immigrants lost. The Cataraqui, from Liverpool to Port Phillip, wrecked at King's Island, 1845; 414 lives lost. The Birkenhead, lost off Port Danger, N.S.W., 1852, with 438 lives. Dalhousie, from London to Sydney; lost in the English Channel, 1853, with 60 lives. Same year Monumental City, an American steamer, was lost at Gabo Island with 30 lives. The Madagascar, from Melbourne to London, lost with all hands, 130, in 1854. The Dunbar, wrecked at South Head, Sydney, 1857, and 120 lives were lost; one man only getting ashore. The Admella steamer, lost off Cape Northumberland in 1859, with 76 lives. The Royal Charter steamer, from Melbourne to Liverpool, lost off the Anglesea coast, 1859, with 446 lives. The Blenvie Castle, from London to Adelaide, lost with all hands, 57 persons, in 1859. H.M.S. Orpheus, while entering the Manakau Harbour, N.Z., was wrecked on the bar, and 190 persons drowned, in 1863. The General Grant, from Melbourne to London, was lost off the Auckland Isles, with 87 lives, 1866. The Star of Australia steamer left Sydney for Rockhampton 1865, but was never again heard of. The London steamer from Plymouth to Melbourne foundered in the Bay of Biscay with loss of 220 lives, 1865. The Cawarra steamer, lost on Oyster Bank at entrance to Newcastle; 59 persons drowned. The Har lech Castle left Melbourne for Newcastle and was never again heard of, 1870. The Northfleet, from London to Hobart, run into off Dungeness by a Spanish ship which gave no assistance, 1873; 300 lives

Woore, N.S.W. One of the new counties, between the Lachlan and the Darling, and S. of the county of Werunda.

Woorndoo, Vict. A village on Salt Creek, at the junction of the Geelong. Warrnambool, Ballarat and Ararat roads, 48 miles E. of Hamilton and 145 miles W.S.W. of Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Mortlake. Population 120.

Wrecks. The first ship known to have been wrecked on the Australian coast was the Batavia (Pelsart, captain); lost at Houtman's Abrolhos, near the present town of Geraldton, W.A., in 1629. The captain got safely to Batavia, but during his absence there was a mutiny, and 125 of the crew lost their lives; the rest were rescued by the frigate Saardam, and the mutineers were killed or executed. The Vergulde Drake (Capt. Alberts) was lost in 1656; 115 of the crew were drowned, and of the 75 who reached the shore only 7 succeeded in finding their way to Batavia. A large quantity of specie was lost in this wreck. The Zeawick was lost off Elvart's Group, W.A., in 1727. The

Xenophon. Was a sloop of war which was put into commission under the command of Lieut. Flinders in 1801, and in which, after re-naming her the Investigator, he sailed on the voyage of discovery, in the course of which Australia was for the first time circumnavigated. His officers

included James Crossley, astronomer; Robert Brown, naturalist; Westall, landscape painter; Bauer, natural history painter; and John Franklin, midshipman. The Xenophon was condemned at Sydney as unseaworthy in 1803.

Yaamba, Qd. A small township in a pastoral district on the Fitzroy river, 450 miles N.W. of Brisbane. Nearest railway station,. Rockhampton, 20 miles distant. Population 136.

Yacka, S.A. A village in a wheat-growing district on the river Broughton, 120 miles W. of Adelaide. Nearest railway station, Kooringa. Population 120.

Yackandandah, Vict. A township in a mining district at the junction of the Commissioners and Yackandandah creeks, | 186 miles N.E. of Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Beechworth, 15 miles distant. County court is held here; contains a soda-water and tobacco factory, tannery and flour-mills. Population, with district, 3788.

Yahl-Ville, S.A. A village in an agricultural district 287 miles S.E. of Adelaide. Nearest railway station, Mount Gambier.

Yam Creek (Northern Territory), S.A. A mining district, 1854 miles N. of Adelaide; is the locality where the first gold was discovered, and is a station on the railway from Palmerston to Pine Creek.

Yamba, N.S.W. A seaport town and pilot station at the mouth of the Clarence river, 307 miles N. of Sydney. Steamer communication with Grafton. Population

120.

Yambuk, Vict. A township in a wheatgrowing district on the Portland road and the Shaw river, 11 miles N.W. from Belfast and 199 miles S.W. from Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Port Fairy. Population 280.

agricultural and dairy-farming district 24 miles N.E. of Melbourne, and a railway station on the Whittlesea line. In the neighbourhood is the Yan Yean, the principal reservoir for the supply of Melbourne and its suburbs with water. The reservoir was formed by closing up the south side of the valley with an embankment, 3159 feet in length, 31 feet in height, and varying in width from 170 feet at bottom to 20 feet at top. The river Plenty was then diverted into it. The water thus dammed up assumes the proportion of a lake 1330 acres in area, 9 miles in circumference, 21 in diameter, 25 feet in depth at the deepest part, and with a capacity of 6,400,000,000 gallons of water. The total cost of the reservoir was a million and a half sterling. An additional supply of water has been obtained from the King Parrot creek, which in its natural state emptied itself into the Goulburn River on the opposite side of the Dividing range. The water of the Watts river is now being brought into the Yan Yean, and the capacity of that reservoir will be largely increased.

Yancowinna, N.S.W. One of the new counties; includes the country around Silverton and Broken Hills, and is traversed by the railway to the South Australian frontier.

Yanda, N.S.W. One of the new counties S.E. of the Darling river and S.W. of Bourke,

Yandilla, Qd. A village in a grazing district on Grasstree creek, 150 miles S.W. of Brisbane. Nearest railway station, Pittsworth.

Yan Yean (Barber's Creck), Vict. A township 571 feet above sea-level, in an

Yandoit, Vict. A village in an agricul

tural and gold-mining district, on Jim Crow Creek, 88 miles N.W. of Melbourne, and 4 miles from Mount Franklin. Nearest railway station, Guildford, or Newstead. There is a mineral spring in the neighbourhood, of which the waters are said to be as good as those at Hepburn. Population 80.

Yangery, Vict. A small postal centre between Woodford and Koroit, 181 miles W. from Melbourne. Nearest railway station, Warrnambool.

Yangnulgra, N.S.W. One of the new counties, lying due N. of the county of Young.

Yankalilla, S.A. A township and port in an agricultural and wheat-growing district on the Bungala river, 2 miles from the sea, and 46 miles S. of Adelaide, with which there is daily mail conveyance. Population, with district, 1083.

Yantara, N.S.W. One of the new counties N.W. of the Darling, and N.E. of the Broken Hills, lying near the South Australian and Queensland borders.

Yarcowie, S.A. A village and railway station on the North line 1712 feet above sea-level, 133 miles N. of Adelaide, Population 160.

Yarra Glens, Vict. A township in an agricultural and pastoral district and railway station on a branch line to Healesville on the river Yarra, 31 miles N.E. of Melbourne. Population, with district, 900,

Yarra Yarra, Vict. A river 150 miles long, which rises near Mt. Baw Baw, and flows past the city of Melbourne and its suburbs to Hobson's Bay. The river, the largest that flows into the harbour of Port Phillip, is navigable for ships to Melbourne, and for boats as far as the falls at Studley Park, about 4 miles from Melbourne, but much longer by the river, which is very circuitous.

Yarragon (late Waterloo), Vict. A township in a timber district and railway station on the Gippsland line, 69 miles E. from Melbourne. Several saw-mills are in full work. Population, with district, 1500. Newspaper, Waterloo Express.

Yarram Yarram, Vict. A township in a pastoral district on Yarra-Yarra creek, 155 miles S. E. of Melbourne. Nearest railway stations, Sale and Rosedale. Coal and good clay are found in the neighbourhood. Population 400. Newspaper, Chronicle.

Yarraville, Vict. A suburb of Melbourne 5 miles distant, and railway station on the Williamstown line. A large number of factories are in the neighbourhood.

Yarrawonga, Vict. A township in a pastoral, agricultural, wine-growing and fruit-growing district, and the terminus of the branch line from Benalla, 420 feet above sea-level, on the Murray river, 161 miles N.E. of Melbourne; contains sawmills, cordial factories, flour-mills. Population, with district, 9759. Newspapers, Yarrawonga Chronicle and Mercury.

Yarroweyah, Vict. A village in an agricultural district, and a railway station on the Cobram line on the Murray river, 150 miles N. of Melbourne. Population

100.

Yass, N.S.W. An important town in an agricultural and grazing district, and line, 1657 feet above sea-level, on the railway station on the Great Southern river Yass, 190 miles S.W. of Sydney. Gold has been found in payable quantities on the Yass river. Circuit courts, courts of quarter sessions, and district courts are held here. Population, with district, 9000. Newspapers, Yass Courier and

Yass Tribune.

Yatala, Qd. A village and railway station on the South coast line, 2 miles from Beenleigh and 26 miles from Brisbane. Several sugar-mills are in the neighbourhood.

Yatina, S.A. A village in a wheat-growing district 169 miles N. of Adelaide. Nearest railway station, Petersburg.

Yea, Vict. A township in a pastoral district, and railway station on the branch line to Tallarook on Yea river, 80 miles N.N.E. of Melbourne. Population, with district, 2036. Newspaper, Yea Telegraph.

Yengarie, Qd. A township on Graham's Creek, a tributary of the Mary river, on the railway line between Gympie and Maryborough; is the locale of the Yengarie Sugar Refinery, which employs 120 Europeans, and the same number of Kanakas; coasting vessels can proceed to the Refinery wharf.

Yetman, N.S.W. A village in a pastoral district on the river M'Intyre, 434 miles N. of Sydney, and 200 miles from Grafton. Nearest railway station, Tamworth.

Yeulba, Qd. A township in a pastoral and timber district, and railway station on the Western line, 986 feet above sea.