The Last Pagans of RomeOxford University Press, 2010. dec. 21. - 896 oldal Rufinus' vivid account of the battle between the Eastern Emperor Theodosius and the Western usurper Eugenius by the River Frigidus in 394 represents it as the final confrontation between paganism and Christianity. It is indeed widely believed that a largely pagan aristocracy remained a powerful and active force well into the fifth century, sponsoring pagan literary circles, patronage of the classics, and propaganda for the old cults in art and literature. The main focus of much modern scholarship on the end of paganism in the West has been on its supposed stubborn resistance to Christianity. The dismantling of this romantic myth is one of the main goals of Alan Cameron's book. Actually, the book argues, Western paganism petered out much earlier and more rapidly than hitherto assumed. The subject of this book is not the conversion of the last pagans but rather the duration, nature, and consequences of their survival. By re-examining the abundant textual evidence, both Christian (Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, Paulinus, Prudentius) and "pagan" (Claudian, Macrobius, and Ammianus Marcellinus), as well as the visual evidence (ivory diptychs, illuminated manuscripts, silverware), Cameron shows that most of the activities and artifacts previously identified as hallmarks of a pagan revival were in fact just as important to the life of cultivated Christians. Far from being a subversive activity designed to rally pagans, the acceptance of classical literature, learning, and art by most elite Christians may actually have helped the last reluctant pagans to finally abandon the old cults and adopt Christianity. The culmination of decades of research, The Last Pagans of Rome overturns many long-held assumptions about pagan and Christian culture in the late antique West. |
Tartalomjegyzék
CHAPTER 15 | ccxciii |
Greek Texts and Latin Translation | cccxxxiii |
Vergil and His Commentators | cdviii |
The Annales of Nicomachus Flavianus I | dcxliii |
CHAPTER 19 | dcxcii |
1a and Contorniates of Apollonius of Tyana and Nero 692 | dcxciv |
Parabiago plate 700 | dccix |
Liverpool venatio panel | dcclxiii |
Pagan Writers | |
Macrobius and the Pagan Culture of His | |
CHAPTER 8 | |
The Poem against the Pagans | xlv |
Other Christian Verse Invectives | cxxx |
CHAPTER 10 | cxlv |
The Real Circle of Symmachus | xv |
CHAPTER 11 | l |
The Pagan Literary Revival | ciii |
CHAPTER 12 | cxvi |
Correctors and Critics I | cxliv |
CHAPTER 13 | clxxxvii |
Correctors and Critics II | ccviii |
CHAPTER 14 | ccxliii |
The Livian Revival | cclxxxii |
The Historia Augusta | iv |
CONCLUSION | liii |
APPENDIX | lxxxix |
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY | ci |
INDEX | dxiii |
Dido sacrifices accompanied by two victimarii and a camillus | 4 |
Three seated Trojans man sacrifices | 5 |
left | 124 |
Consular diptych of Boethius | 6 |
SymmachorumNicomachorum diptych | 7 |
Consecratio diptych | 8 |
9a and Christ and Virgin diptych 9b 10 Consecratio relief on mausoleum at Igel | 10 |
Apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Fausta Rome | 11 |
Fauvel panel | 12 |
Lampadiorum panel | 13 |
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Albinus altar of Victory Ambrose Ambrose’s Ammianus anti-pagan aristocrats Augustine Augustine’s Ausonius Avienus battle Cicero claim classical Claudian codex collated commentary Constantine consul contemporary context copy corrected corrector cults culture Damasus death dedications doubt earlier early elder Flavian elite emendavi Eugenius Eugenius’s evidence example exemplar fact Flavian fourth century Frigidus Gratian Greek identified imperial interlocutors invective iustitium Jerome Juvenal late antique later Latin less letters literary Livy Lucan Macrobius Macrobius’s manuscripts Maximus Memmius mention modern Nicomachi pagan pagan revival passage Paulinus Paulinus of Nola poem poet pontifex Praetextatus praetorian prefect prefect of Rome prefecture priesthoods Proba Protadius Prudentius quotations reference religious restored rhetorical Roman paganism Rome Rufinus Rufinus’s sacrifice Saturnalia scholars senate senatorial Servius Servius’s simply Sozomen statues subscriptions suggests surely surviving Symmachus Symmachus’s temples Theodosius Theodosius’s traditional Valentinian Valentinian II Vergil Volusianus writing wrote younger Flavian