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FROM THE
COMMENCEMENT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
IN MDCCLXXXIX
TO THE
RESTORATION OF THE BOURBONS
IN MDCCCXV
BY
SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON, BART.
F. R. S. E.
NINTH EDITION
VOL. X.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS
EDINBURGH AND LONDON
MDCCCLV
CONTENTS OF VOL. X.
CHAPTER LXXII.-ADVANCE OF NAPOLEON TO MOSCOW.
Scene at crossing the Niemen, 1.-Proclamation of the Emperor Alexander, 2.
-Resolution of the Russian army and people: their forces retreat, ib.—
Early history of Barclay de Tolly, 3.-Early history of Bagrathion, 4.-Na-
poleon enters Wilna, 5.-Address of the Polish Diet to the emperor, 6.-
Movements of Jerome against Bagrathion, 7.-Combat of Mohilow, ib.-Ba-
grathion retreats to Smolensko, 8.-The intrenched camp at Drissa, ib.-
Barclay retires to Witepsk, 9.-Napoleon advances to the Dwina, ib.-Im-
portance of this movement on Witepsk, 10.-Advance of the French to
Witepsk, 11.-Condition of the corps in rear, 12.-The Emperor Alexander
repairs to Moscow, 13.-Proclamation, ib.-Devotion of the inhabitants of
Moscow, ib.-First operations of Wittgenstein on the Dwina, 14.—Opera-
tions of Tormasoff against Schwartzenberg, 15.-Arguments against any
farther advance, ib.-Action of Newerofskoi, near Krasnoi, 18.-Battle of
Smolensko, 20.-Retreat of the Russians from Smolensko, 21.-Battle of
Valtelina, 22.-Depression of the French army, 24.-Losses already sus-
tained, ib.-Napoleon's reasons for a farther advance, 25.-Operations of
Schwartzenberg against Tormasoff, 26; of St Cyr against Wittgenstein,
and of Macdonald against Riga, ib.-Advance of Victor to Smolensko, b.; and
of Augereau from the Oder, and the national guard of France to the Elbe,
27.-Advance of Napoleon towards Moscow, ib.-Appointment of Kutusoff
to the command, 28.-His character and previous achievements, ib.-Order
of the Russian retreat, 30.-Difficulties of the French army, 31.-Advan-
tages of the Russians, ib.-Battle of Borodino, 36.-Condition of the French
army at its termination, 42.-Retreat of the Russians towards Moscow, ib.—
Desertion of the city by the inhabitants, 44.-Description of that city, 45.—
The French enter and find the city deserted, ib.-Burning of Moscow, 46.
CHAPTER LXXIII.-RETREAT FROM MOSCOW.
Inclination of conquest from the north to the south, 50.-Situation of Russia
at this period, 51.-Alexander's proclamation, 52.-Plan of the Russian gene-
ral for surrounding the French, ib.-Measures of Napoleon to secure his
communications, 53.-His attempt at negotiation, 54.-His stay at Moscow,
ib.-Strength and situation of the Russian army, 55.-Kutusoff's views of
the advantages of his situation, 56.-Partisan warfare, ib.-Effect of the
plunder of Moscow on the French, 57.-Napoleon's preparations for a re-
treat, 58.-Alexander's resolution not to treat, 59.-First appearance of
snow, ib.-Kutusoff resumes offensive operations, 60.-Attack on Murat at
Winkowo, ib.-Napoleon marches towards Kalouga, 61.-Caravans which
followed the army, ib.-Kutusoff moves to bar the passage, ib.-Battle of
Malo-Jaroslawitz, 62.-Napoleon nearly made prisoner, 64.-Retreat resolved
on, 65.-Kutusoff moves in pursuit, 66.-Spectacle on passing the abbey of
Kolotskoi: disorders which already appeared, ib.-Action at Wiazma, 67.—
Ney commands the French rear-guard, 68.-Commencement of the frost,
69.-Depression among the soldiers, ib.-Increasing distresses of the troops,
ib.-Effects of the cold on the army, 71.-Effect of the want of provisions,
ib.-Indignation against Napoleon, 72.-Retreat to Dorogobouge, ib.-Disas-
ters of the Viceroy, ib.-Movements of Kutusoff, 73.-Arrival at Smolensko,
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