[THE REFERENCES BELOW ARE TO PAGES.]
Abbott, E. A., 137.
Abbreviations of months, 211.
Accuracy in use of words, 180-183.
See under Correctness, Precision.
Action in stories. See under Move-
ment.
Adaptation to the reader, 8-11, 232-
234. See Preface, passim.
Addition of details, for study of effects,
29, 30.
Address, of a letter, 212-213, 217, 228-
229, 230, 233; of a postal card, 222.
Adjectives, study of. See Helps to
Study, passim; also under Words.
Adverbs, adverbial phrases to suspend
thought, 156; position of, 138-139.
Advertisements, 224-228.
Æsop, 32.
Ambiguity. See under Clearness, Ef-
fectiveness, Precision.
American and British words, 172-173.
American Monthly Review of Reviews,
319-320.
And and but, use of, 114-115.
André, Major, 185–186.
Anecdote, successive reappearances of,
93-94; defined, 263; specimen of,
49. See Narration, passim.
'Angelus," study of Millet's, 105-106.
Antecedent and pronoun, 137-138.
Anticlimax, 159.
Antithesis, 158-159, 160. See under
Contrast.
Argument, 325-346; distinguished,
207-208, 312-313, 326-327; nature
of, 325-327; books about, 325; the
proposition in, 328-331; point at
issue in, 331-333; proofs in, 333-
339; brief in, 339-343; preparation
for debate, 344-345; propositions
for debate, 345–346.
Arnold, Matthew, 198.
Arrangement of material, 33-41; in
letters, 233; in narration, 247-248;
in description, 278, 282, 284-288; in
explanation, 316; in argument, 339-
343. See under Material.
Arrangement of the paragraph, to se-
cure mass, 110-113; to secure cohe-
rence, 113-116; to bind paragraphs
together, 116-120.
Arrangement of parts of the sentence,
to secure mass and emphasis, 140-
141; to secure coherence, 141-142;
to secure periodic structure, 153-
157; to secure balanced and parallel
structure, 157-161. See under An-
tithesis, Balance, Climax, Mass,
Parallel, Periodic.
Article, use of, 138.
Association of ideas, 69.
Associations of words, 185-186, 189-191.
Asterisks, use of, 361.
Atmosphere in stories, 261.
Audience, adaptation to, 8-11, 232-234.
See Preface, A Word at the Start,
passim.
Apostrophe, rules for sign of, 359-360. Austen, Jane, 243-245.
Authors. See under Literature, Poe-
try, Reading.
Bacheller, Irving, 55–56.
Carpenter, G. R., 227, 248-249.
Carter, W. S., 227.
Bain, Alexander, 114, 155. Also see Caudle, Mrs. See under Jerrold.
Central thought in description, 296–301.
Balanced structure in sentences, 157- Century Dictionary, 76, 351.
Baldwin, C. S., 290.
Bates, Arlo, 249, 327.
Beard, D. C., 24-25, 317-318.
Beard, L. and A. B., 318-319.
Beginning of a story, 261-263.
Betterton, Thomas, 154.
Change of structure in sentences. See
under Variety.
Characters in narration, 242, 245, 248,
256-257; some common types of,
324.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 169, 171.
Choice of material. See under Selec-
tion.
Bible, Ruskin's list of chapters, 55; Choice of subject, 3-5. See under Sub-
38, 144-145, 195, 200.
Big and little words, 187-193.
Binding paragraphs together, 116–120.
See under Coherence.
Blouet, Paul (Max O'Rell), 54–55, 73.
Body of a letter, 214.
Brackets, rules for, 359.
Brevity in sentences, 138, 140. See
under Effectiveness, Emphasis,
Vigor, Words.
Choice of words. See under Words.
Chronological order, 33-41, passim,
247-248, 252-253.
Churchill, Winston, 50, 72.
Class exercises, 35, 38-39, 43-45, 90, 109,
120, 150, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 287,
310, 338-339, 343.
Clauses, subordination of, 150; for
suspending thought, 155-156.
Brief in argument, 339-343; specimen Clearness, rules for, 137-139; of sen-
brief, 340-343.
British and American words, 172–173.
Brown, M. W., 63.
Browning, Robert, 198.
Buchanan, Robert, 198.
Buck, G., 197.
Buck, G., and Woodbridge, E., 285-286.
Bunner, H. C., 73.
Burbage, 154.
Burke, Edmund, 22, 78, 120.
Burroughs, John, 102, 296.
Business letters, 218-222.
Business transactions.
Writing, passim.
tence, 136-139; in explanation, 316-
317.
Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (Mark
Twain), 299.
Climax, 159, 161.
Close of a letter. See under Conclu-
sion.
Coherence, of paragraph, 113-116; of
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, edition of
Ancient Mariner, 44; 137, 153, 288.
Colon, rules for, 353.
See Letter- Color in description, 310 (24); speci-
But and and, use of, 114-115.
Byron, Lord, 199.
Comma, rules for, 355-357.
Comparison, construction of para-
graph by, 82-84, 85-93.
Complex sentences, 145-151.
Complication of plot, 252-253.
Capitals, rules for, 362; in title of Composition, value of, A Word at the
Caricature, study of, 56–57.
Start, passim. See under Oral,
Whole composition.
Compound sentences, 145-151.
Compound words, references for, 360.
Concluding paragraphs, 126-128.
Conclusion, in explanation, 127-128;
in narration, 262; of a letter,
214-216.
Conditional
thought, 155.
Conjunctions, use of coördinate, 139.
Connectives, used in contrast, 85; in
paragraphs, 113-116; in sentences,
142; between paragraphs, 116-120;
list of, 114-115.
clauses to suspend
Connotation of words, 185–186.
Construction of paragraphs, 67-106;
methods enumerated, 69; psy-
chology of, 69; by definition, 70-
77; by reversion, 77-82; by com-
parison, 82-84, 85-93; by contrast,
84-93; by example, 93-100; by
restatement, 100-106.
Contrast, construction of paragraphs
by, 84-93. See under Antithesis.
Conversation in stories, 265-269; para-
graphing of, 55–56.
Cook, A. S., 55.
Correction of school manuscripts,
marks used in, 350-351. See Pref-
ace, passim.
Declarative sentences, 143–145.
Definition, construction of paragraphs
by, 70-77; inaccuracy in, 75.
De Quincey, Thomas, 125.
Derivation of words, 171-172; study
in, 183. See under Synonyms.
Description, 275-311; distinguished,
207-208; in situations in narration,
258; specimens of, 275-311, passim ;
list of specimens of, 281; nature of,
282-284; two kinds of, 282-283:
perception by sight, 284-288; diffi-
culties of, 288-289; point of view
in, 290-292; point of time in, 292-
295; central thought in, 296–301;
rapid suggestion in, 301-303; value
of specific in, 303-304; sensations
other than of sight in, 304-307; ex-
Descriptive words, 276, 277, 303–304.
Details, taking notes of, 11-14; gath-
ering, 26-27; selecting, 29-33; ar-
ranging, 33-41; lists of, 32-33. See
Helps to Study, passim; and under
Arrangement of material, Material.
Diagrams, in explanation, 317; of
plots, 254.
Correctness of sentence, 134-135. See Dialect in stories, 270 (9).
Dialogue. See under Conversation.
See under Letter- Dickens, Charles, 142, 267, 267-268, 283,
Dictionaries, compared, 76; as records
Creative faculty, development of. See Dictionary, use of, 21, 70, 71, 75-76,
Debate, preparation for, 344–345; | Dunne, P. F. (Mr. Dooley), 81.
propositions for, 345-346; exer-
cises in, 338-339. See under Argu- Ease, assisted by coherence. See under
ment.
Coherence.
Echo, paragraph, 117-118. See under | Exclamatory sentences, 143–145.
Binding, Coherence.
Edgeworth, Maria, 175.
Edwards, Jonathan, 12.
Effectiveness, rules for, 139-141; of
sentence, 139-141; devices for, 141.
See under Antithesis, Climax, Em-
phasis, Mass, Vigor.
Effect, description by, 309.
Effects in description, 276, 277, 278, 283,
293, 297, 298-300, 301, 303, 305–307,
309.
Elegance in the use of words, 201-203.
Elements of narration, 248-249.
Eliot, George, 147, 252-253, 302, 337.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 20, 22, 84-85,
146, 200.
Emphasis in paragraphs, sentences,
and words. See under Effective-
ness, Mass, Vigor.
Ending a story, 261-263.
Engineering, explanation in, 317.
English Dictionary, The New, 76.
English language, standards of, 167-
180, passim; obsolete words in,
168-171; foreign words in, 171-172;
localisms in, 172-176; disreputable
words in, 177-180; American usage
the standard of, 173.
Enumeration in description, 282-283,
296-297.
Envelope, superscription on, 217-218;
putting folded letter into, 218.
Essay. See under Arrangement,
Composition, Explanation, Outline,
Theme, Whole composition.
Essentials of the paragraph, 106-116;
unity of paragraph, 106–110; mass
of paragraph, 110-113; coherence of
paragraph, 113-116.
Essentials of the sentence, 134-143;
correctness of sentence, 134-135;
clearness of sentence, 136-139; effec-
tiveness of sentence, 139-141; co-
herence of sentence, 141-142; unity
of sentence, 142-143.
Experiences, one's own, as subject,
3-5, 6-7. See Preface, A Word at
the Start, passim.
Explanation, 312-325; as basis of
Chapters II and III, 69; distin-
guished, 207-208, 312-313, 326–327;
nature of, 312-315; methods of,
70-106, 315-317; exercises in, 317-
325; by definition, 70-77; by rever-
sion, 77-82; by comparison, 82–84,
85-93; by contrast, 84-93; by ex-
ample, 93-100; by restatement,
100-106.
Exposition. See under Explanation.
Expressiveness. See under Effective-
ness, Vigor.
Fables, moral in, 263; specimen of,
32. See under Esop.
Fairy tales, plausibility in, 254; list
of books, 254.
Familiar letters. See under Friendly.
Familiar words, 189–191.
Fiction, reality in, 86-87. See under
Narration.
Figurative and literal words, 196-201.
Figures of rhetoric, 197-201; test of,
197; references on, 197-198; similes,
198; metaphors, 198-199; faults of,
200-201.
First draft of theme, writing of, 41–44,
131-132, 151, 156, 161, 164, 347. See
Preface, passim.
First person in narration, 264-265.
Flaubert, Gustave, 18, 181.
Fletcher, J. B., 248-249.
Flynt, J., 177.
Folding a letter, 218; school manu-
scripts, 349.
Force. See under Effectiveness, Mass,
Vigor.
Foreign words in English, 171-172.
Forms of discourse. See Part III.
Franklin, Benjamin, 28-29, 33, 38, 84-
85, 146, 160, 248, 359.
Example, construction of paragraphs Friendly letters, 232-235.
Exclamation point, rules for, 357-358. Garland, Hamlin, 275–276, 279–281.
Gathering material, 16-27. See under
Gayley, C. M., and Scott, F. N., 198.
General and specific words, 193-196.
Gibbon, Edward, 91.
dent's. See Preface and A Word at
the Start, passim.
Indorsing school manuscripts, 349.
Infinitive, split (or cleft), 135.
Instances. See under Example,
Good usage in words, 167-180. See Interrelation of paragraphs in the
under Usage.
Gore, W. C., 177.
Grammar, suggestions for review,
135, Preface, passim; and sentence
structure, 133-135; as record of good
usage, 168. See under Correctness.
Grant, U. S., 112.
theme. See under Binding.
Interrogation point, rules for, 358.
Interrogative sentences, 143-145.
Introduction, function of, 126-128;
study of, 128; part of letter, 212-
213; in stories, 257-258, 261-263; in
description, 289; in explanation,
126-127; in brief (argument), 340.
Introduction, letter of, 226.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 13, 117, 117- Introductory paragraphs, 126–128.
118, 120-122, 165, 199, 261.
Heading of a letter, 211-212.
Hearing in descriptions, 305-306.
Hearn, Lafcadio, 278-279.
Helps to Study, 21, 29, 56-57, 59, 61-
62, 77, 105, 106, 122, 241-242, 245,
246-247, 276, 277, 278, 336,
Hewett, W. T. S., 322.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 16.
Holmes, G. C. V., 68-69.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 64-65, 87, 92,
177-178, 198.
Hubbard, Elbert, 62–63.
Hugo, Victor, 91, 125.
Hundred Anecdotes of Animals, 49.
Huntington, T. F., edition of Ancient
Mariner, 44.
Huxley, Thomas H., 87-88.
Hyphen, rules for, 360.
Ideas, association of, 69.
Idioms and slang, 178-179.
Imitation in writing stories, 269.
Imperative sentences, 143-145.
Implication of words, 185-186, 189-191.
Impressions in description. See under
Effects.
Inverted order, 140–141.
Invitations and replies, 230-232.
Irving, Henry, 152, 154.
Irving, Washington, 56, 261, 276-277,
302.
Issue, point at (argument), 331-333.
Italics, rules for, 361.
Jerrold, D. W., 145.
Johnson, Samuel, 111-112, 159-160,
291-292.
Johnston, Mary, 80,
Junction, of paragraphs, 116-120; of
sentences, 113-116; of parts of sen-
tence, 141-142. See under Binding,
Coherence,
Keats, John, 199, 200, 307.
Kinds of sentences, 143-157.
Kinds of writing, the four, 207-208.
See under Narration, Description,
Explanation, and Argument.
Kipling, Rudyard, 61, 91, 198, 245–246,
301, 319-320.
Koopman, H. L., 26.
Incidents, order of, 247-248. See un- Landor, Walter Savage, 91.
Indentation, of paragraph, 52, 53-56;
of speeches in stories, 55-56; in
school manuscripts, 348.
Individuality, development of stu-
Language. See under English.
Law, technical words in, 174.
Leaders, use of, 361.
Legibility in school manuscripts, 348-
349.
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