Finding of papers in possession of a party generally amounting to admis

512

512

...

Not calling for reply.

In case of admission by conduct, knowledge to be shown.

...

Acts done by a party in a particular office or character. ...
Recognition of office or character of another.
Cases of admission dependent on circumstances, and open to explanation.
General exposition by Bayley, J. ...

...

...

Principle applies to mistakes of Law, as well as of Fact,...
And to admission on Oath. ...

But contradiction of solemn admissions to be received with caution,
Verbal admissions to be received with caution.
And admissions attributable to conduct.

...

Admissions binding, if by parties in privity, or identified in interest,
But to be made during subsistence of interest, and by party through whom
title derived. ...

Admissions by party to record,-or party beneficially interested.

...

Case of party to the record,
Case of party beneficially interested,...

Admission of latter, as well evidence for plaintiff, as for defendant,

Admission receivable only to extent of declarant's own interest,
Case of Community in the question involved.
Admissions in a different character not binding on party acquiring new
character.
Infants.

Admissions by Guardian or Next Friend not binding on,

Agency.

Exception in case of Proceedings.

Principal bound by admission of Agent.

Letters of Agent merely amounting to narrative, not admissible.
Statements of party referred to for information. ...

Principal not Agent for surety.

Joint interest;-in case of admission of one binding on all,
But admission must relate to subject in dispute,
Must be in character of a party jointly interested,
And while the interest continues,
Interest to be previously proved.
Case of Partnership....

Admission receivable even after a dissolution of the partnership.

...

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527

...

...

Confidential overtures of Pacifications;-offers "without prejudice."
Overtures not being confidential.

Not precluding impeachment on ground of fraud, illegality, or immoral

Doctrine applies to Trustees acting on behalf of Public.
But not where deed the violation of a public Statute.
Indian Law of Estoppel as respects Instruments under seal.

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534

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...

...

...

...

...

...

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Exception where statement that of one party. ...

Though original interest not to be disputed, its termination may be shown. 544

Estoppels binding on,—

...

543

543

Including all intentional representation acted on in change of position. 550

552

Question whether to be applied to cases of representation of Intention. 553 Money vs. Jordan.

Application of doctrine to a representation by third party.

Doctrine applies notwithstanding means of disproof in power of party to

...

553

557

...

Doctrine not applicable to Married Women or Infants.
Continuing identity of character a condition to estoppel.
Recognition of doctrine in the Mofussil Courts.
Mahomedan Law of Repugnancy. ...
Estoppel may be set up by Plea..

Distinction, as to pleading them, between estoppels by deed, or record, and in

562

Rarity of confessions either simulated, or mistaken.

Differing motive between Confessions before, and after, Conviction.

:

::

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569

...

569

...

...

573

...

Counteraction of by Native Police.

Proof of being uninfluenced, to precede admission.

Subsequent proof of influence,-Confession to be struck out.

What vitiatory:-Classification of under,—

Influence of Individuals;

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...

Inducement to avoid must be that of party authorized.
Confessions at instance of persons officiously interfering.
In case of voluntary confession immaterial to whom made, or whether

warning given.