satisfaction for all our sins, and that the Priest offers up this sacrifice as Christ's Minister, and in his Person." It also states, that "the Mass represents the passion (or sufferings) of Christ, and the Priest there officiates in his person.” In the concluding prayer, the communicant is directed to say, "I return thee now most hearty thanks, O my God, that thou hast been pleased to deliver him up to death for us, and to give us his body and blood, both as a sacrament and as a sacrifice in these holy mysteries, at which thou hast permitted me, a most unworthy sinner, to assist this day." In like manner, in the service of the Mass, the Priest speaks of it, as "the sacrifice we offer this day in thy sight;" similar expressions frequently recur, and bowing to the consecrated wafer, the Priest says, "Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us."

There is also, at the present day, in the Romish books of devotion, a service called "The Litany of the blessed Sacrament.” The following extracts from it are completely in opposition to the passage from the Epistle to the Hebrews, just quoted. This litany is addressed directly to the consecrated wafer, which is kept in every Romish Chapel in a small box or pix; and which, when the service is concluded, is usually placed within a repository, called a tabernacle! "Jesus, our wonderful God, who for our sakes vouchsafest to subject thy Almighty self to the power of man, by immediately descending upon our altar when the Priest pronounces the words of consecration, Have mercy upon us." "Jesus, our incomprehensible God, who, though the heaven of heavens cannot contain thy immensity, yet vouchsafest personally to reside in our Churches, and to dwell amongst us in a small tácernacle, Have mercy," &c. "Jesus, the Lamb without spot, who art every day sacrificed, and yet always livest; every day eaten, and yet still remainest entire, Have mercy," &c.

Nor is this all-the Church of Rome has determined not only that the bread used in the Sacrament of the Altar actually is turned into the body and blood of Christ, but that also the very soul and divinity of Christ are actually present! The Council of Trent decreed that this doctrine is to be received; and pronounced that whosoever denies it, is anathema or accursed. One of the decrees of that Council also anathematizes all who say that their Sacraments are not necessary to Salvation, and that the grace of God may be gained by Faith alone.

Reader, THIS is the doctrine of Romanism, at the present day, as to the sacrifice of the Mass. The subject is worthy of fuller examination than we can give it in this place. Let us not forget the warning and injunction of the Apostle, "As ye have, therefore, received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk

chalice? Is it not bread and wine?-A. Yes, and it continues bread and wine, till the priest pronounces the words of consecration.-Q. What influence have these words?-A. The bread is changed into the body, and the wine into the blood of our Lord. Q. Does nothing of the bread and wine remain?-A. Nothing of them remains except the forms. (See "THE PROTESTANT,"-Glasgow, 1819, No. 55.)

ye in him. Rooted and built up in him, and stablished in the faith as ye have been taught, abounding therein with thanksgiving. Beware lest any man spoil you, through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ. For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily. And ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power." (Col. ii. 6—10.)

It is not necessary to dwell upon the false miracles and juggling tricks relating to the consecrated wafers, used instead of bread in the Sacrament, which have been wrought by deceivers continually, for the purpose of gain to the Church of Rome; or for impressing its deluded votaries with a deeper sense of its authority over their consciences. It is enough to have pointed out the complete contradiction of the doctrine of the Mass to the Holy Scriptures; and, in the words of Fox, to impress upon the reader, that "this (the Mass) was one of the principal causes for which so much turmoil was made in the church, with the bloodshed of so many godly men suffering in so many quarters of this realm; some consumed by fire, and some pined away with hunger; some hanged, some slain, some racked, some tormented one way, some another; and that only, or chiefly, for the cause of this aforesaid Popish Mass."

The Romish controversialists often complain that their Protestant opponents do not refer to the works written by Romanists, and give the doctrines of their church as stated by their own authors. In compiling the following pages, many of the volumes which are most highly approved and recommended by the superiors of that church have been gone through, and the tenets of Romanism are given in their own words, as in the passages just noticed. Occasionally reference is also made to a few other works, from whence valuable and indisputable testimony could be derived. This examination, extending from manuscript Missals of early date, to writings stereotyped and widely circulated during the present year, has been an unpleasant labour. It, however, gives a more complete view of Romanism than could be otherwise attained, and those who have travelled the same path will be disposed to admit the truth and force of the words of the able and excellent continuator of the History of the Church of Christ,* who states, that Popery is "a system "which laying hold of God's best gift to the human race, the "religion of Jesus Christ, converted it, through successive cen"turies, into the very reverse of all for which it was designed; making it the instrument of darkness rather than light, of im66 purity instead of holiness, of tyranny, both spiritual and civil, "instead of freedom, and even of renewed idolatry instead of "the pure and spiritual worship, which was to have subverted superstition, and banished all false religion from among men." The observations of the same author which follow are too

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History of the Church of Christ, by Rev. J. Scott, p. 227.

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.PREFACE.

valuable to be passed over. "Surely, in consistency, with the "most perfect good-will even to its votaries, we may desire to see such a system consumed by the spirit of the Lord's "mouth, and destroyed by the brightness of his coming.'" (2 Thess. ii.)- "Let us never forget what Popery was and is "essentially in itself, and what it will ever shew itself to be, in proportion as it is enabled to act freely, and display its true "character. It is one of the fashionable and threatening errors of "the present day, that in their zeal to shew themselves liberal “and candid, and indulgent towards Roman Catholics, men are "apt to soften down and lose sight of the enormities, doctrinal "and practical, of the papal system." ."—" Persecution is inhe"rent in the very principles and constitution of the Romish "Church; she has been in this, and in so many other respects, ""the mother of abominations' to the earth. (Rev. xvii. 5.)—If "other professedly Christian bodies long retained the perse"cuting spirit, it was mainly because they found it so difficult "wholly to eradicate the seeds of instruction which they had re"ceived from her hand: and while they have undoubtedly been "occasionally stained with the blood of those who dissented "from them, she hath been even steeped in it-in the strong language of Scripture prophecy, drunk with the blood of the "saints and the martyrs of Jesus.""" And the testimony of her "sanctioned and remunerated advocate, Pallavicini, to her un"altered and unalterable adherence to her principles, however "she may from policy suffer her unaccredited members for a time "to deviate from them, or even to deny them, is so striking, that "I cannot but here transcribe it. He says, 'The whole of our faith rests upon one indivisible article, namely, the infal"lible authority of the church. The moment, therefore, we give up any part whatever, the whole falls; for what admits not of being divided, must evidently stand entire or full entire.” To this may be added, the well known declaration of a modern Romish advocate, referring to the doctrines of his church :—“ If any one says, that modern Roman Catholics differ in one IOTA from their ancestors, he either deceives himself or wishes to deceive others." But let not the blame be cast upon the individuals; let it not be imputed to those who are men of like passions with ourselves, but to the system by which they are so unhappily enthralled.

The writer did not intend by this expression to countenance the false assertions of Romanists, that many of their church suffered persecution and death from Q. Elizabeth on account of their religion. If the reader refers to Townsend's Accusations of History against the Church of Rome, he will find abundant proof to the contrary, and be satisfied that no Roman Catholic ever suffered death for his religion in England, not even when Protestants were butchered by thousands in the streets of Paris, and massacred throughout the provinces of France.

+ Pallavicini's History of the Council of Trent, III. iv. 6.

THE DAYS OF QUEEN MARY.

CHAPTER I.-INTRODUCTION.

A brief Account of the Reign of Edward the Sixth.

Latimer preaching before King Edward the Sixth.

On the decease of Henry the Eighth, who expired January 28, 1547, his only son, Prince Edward, succeeded to the throne of England, at the early age of nine years.*

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He was the only son of Henry the Eighth, by his beloved wife, Jane Seymour, who unhappily died of a fever ten days after the birth of her son. Romish historians have asserted, that the physicians having reported to Henry, that either the mother or child must perish, he gave directions for preserving the child, and caused the mother's death. This assertion is entirely false: for public records, which are quoted by Fuller, Strype, and others, prove, that she survived ten days,-that she even signed a public document, referring to the birth of Edward-and that her death was sudden and unexpected.

Third Edition.]

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Character of Edward the Sixth,

Upon the character and abilities of this "British Josiah," historians have ever delighted to dwell. "No pen," as Fuller observes," passeth by him without praising him, though none praiseth him to his full deserts ;" and if there are a few Romish writers who cannot be included among this number, it reflects little credit upon their candour or veracity, as historians.

Whatever the character and conduct of Henry the Eighth may have been, his anxiety respecting the education of his children cannot be denied; and in this respect, Edward, as an only son, of course engaged his chief attention. At the age of six years, he was removed from those who had watched over his infancy, and was committed to the care of Sir Anthony Cook, Dr. Richard Cox, Sir John Cheke, with other able and pious preceptors. Under their instruction, he made rapid progress in acquiring the learned languages, and general knowledge; so that his attainments, at the tender age when he succeeded to the throne, excited the wonder and commendation of all men. The celebrated Cardan wrote a minute and interesting account of this Prince, which has been often published: and William Thomas, one of the most learned men of those times, thus describes this youthful Monarch, soon after his accession to the throne:

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" If ye knew the towardness of that young Prince, your hearts would melt to hear him named, and your stomach would abhor the malice of them that would do him ill;the beautifullest creature that liveth under the sun; the wittiest (most learned,) the most amiable, and the gentlest thing of all the world. Such a spirit of capacity for learning the things taught him by his schoolmasters, that it is a wonder to hear say."

Such was Edward the Sixth; learned, amiable, and pious. Let it not be forgotten, that his instructors were selected, and his education superintended by Cranmer, who was anxious respecting his future monarch, both from public and private motives. As his godfather, he had undertaken a charge to which it was his personal duty to attend; and as the main pillar of the Reformation in England, he could not but deeply feel how much would depend upon the principles and conduct of this excellent child, when he should arrive at manhood. However commendable these endeavours