flatter, I believe it might have the fame effect. Socrates being informed of fome derogating fpeeches one had ufed of him behind his back, made only this reply, "Let him beat me when I am abfent, I care not." The Italians have a maft fignificant prou which fays, "Meafure it an hundred times before you cut it off." Converfation, like oyfters, is nothing the better for opening eafy and foon. Of the Inhabitants of the Empire of Morocco, and their Manners and Customs. THE fubjects of the empire of principal THE subjects of the empire of Morocco claffes, the Brebes and the Moors. The etymology of the name, and the origin of the people of the first clafs, are equally unknown. Like the Moors, at the time of the invafion by the Arabs, they may have adopted the Mahometan religion, which is confonant to their manners and principal ufages, but they are an ignorant people, and oblerve none of the precepts of that religion but the averfion it enjoins against other modes of worship. Mahometanifm has not obliterated the cuftoms and ancient prejudices of these people, for they eat the wild boar, and in places where there are vineyards they drink wine, provided, fay they, that it is of our own making. In order to preferve it in the fouthern parts of Mount Atlas, they put it in earthen veffels, and in barrels made of the hollowed trunk of a tree, the upper end of which is done over with pitch; and thefe are depofited in cellars, or even in water. In the northern province of Rif they boil it a little, which renders it lefs apt to inebriate, and perhaps they think that in this flate they may reconcile the ufe of it with the spirit of their law. The Brebes are confined to the mountains, and preferve great animofity against the Moors, whore they confound with the Arabs, and confider as ufurpers. They thus contract in their retreats a ferocity of mind, and a ftrength of body, which makes them more fit for war, and every kind of labour, than the Moors of the plain in general are. The independence they boaft of gives even a greater degree of expreffion to their countenance. The prejudices of their religion make them fubmit to the authority of the Emperors of Morocco, but they throw off the yoke at their pleafure, and retire into the mountains, where it is difficult to attack or overcome them. The Brebes have a language of their own; they form no alliances out of their own ribes, fome of which are very powerful, and the Emperor keeps the children of the chiefs as hoftages for their fidelity. They have no diflinguishing drefs; they all, like the Moors, go cloathed in woollen, and though they inhabit the mountains, they rarely wear any thing on their heads. The men, as well as the women, have very fine teeth, and are endowed with a degree of vigour which diftinguishes them from other tribes. The hunting of the lion and the tiger is their common employment, and the women make their children wear the claw of a tiger, or a piece of lion's skin, on their head, believing that by this they will acquire courage and ftrength; it is, no doubt, from the fame fuperftition that the young women make their hufbands wear the fame as a fort of amulets. I shall now defcribe the Moors, the greater part of whom are difperfed over the plains, the reft occupy the towns. The Moors of the Plain live in tents, and that they may allow their ground a year's reft, they annually change their encampments, and go in search of fresh pafturage; but they cannot take this ftep without acquainting their governor. Like the ancient Arabs, they are entirely devoted to a paftoral life; their encampments, which they call Dou hars, are compofed of feveral tente, and form a crefcent; or they are ranged in two parallel lines, and their flocks, when they return from pafture, occupy the centre. The entrance of a douhar is fometimes fhut with faggots of thorns, and the only guard is a number of dogs, that bark inceffantly at the approach of a ftranger. Each douhar has a chief, fubordinate to an officer of the highelt rank, who has under his admi. niftration a number of camps, and feveral of the fubordinate divifions are united under the government of a Bacha, who has often a thoufand douhars in his department. The tents of the Moors, viewed in front, are of a conical figure; they are from eight to ten feet high, and from twenty to twentyfive feet long: like thofe of high antiquity, they resemble a boat reversed. They are made of cloth compofed of goats and camels hair, and the leaves of the wild palm, by which they are rendered impervious to water; but at a distance, their black colour gives them a very difagreeable look. The Moors when encamped, live in the greateft fimplicity, and exhibit a faithful picture of the inhabitants of the earth in the firft ages of the world. The nature of their education, the temperature of the climate, and the rigour of the government, diminifa the wants of the people, who find in their plains, in the milk and wool of their flocks, every thing neceffary for food and cloating. Polygamy is allowed among them; a luxury fo far from being injurious to a people who have few wants, that it is a great convenience in the economy of those focieties, becaufe the women are intrufted with the whole whole care of the domeftic management. In their half-closed tents, they are employed in milking the cows for daily ufe; and when the milk abounds, in making butter. in picking their corn, their barley, and pulfe, and grinding their meal, which they do daily in a mill compofed of two ftones about eighteen inches in diameter, the uppermoft having a handle, and turning on an axis fixed in the under one: they make bread likewife every day, which they bake between two earthen plates, and often upon the ground after it has been heated by fire. Their ordinary food is the coofcoofoo; this is a paste made with their meal in the form of fmall grains, like Italian pafte; this coofcooloo is dreft in the vapour of boiling foup, in a hollow difh perforated with many fmall holes in the bottom, and the difh is inclosed in a kettle where meat is boiled; the coufcoofoo, which is in the hollow difh, grows gradually foft by the vapour of the broth, with which it is from time to time moistened. This fimple food is very nourishing, and even agreeable when one has got the better of the prejudices which every nation entertains for its own cuftoms. The common people eat it with milk or butter indifferently; but thofe of higher rank, fuch as the governors of provinces and lieutenants, who live in the centre of the encampments, add to it fome fucculent broth, made with a mixture of mutton, poultry, pigeons, or hedgehogs, and then pour on it a fufficient quantity of fresh butter. Thefe officers receive firangers in their tents with the fame cordiality that Jacob and Laban fhewed to their guests. Upon their arrival a sheep is killed and immediately dreffed; if they are not provided with a fpit, they inftantly make one of wood, and this mutton roafted at a brifk fire, and served up in a wooden difh, has a very delicate colour and tafte. I have often been prefent at fuch feafts, and, while refpected the fimplicity of them, I have fancied myfelf tranfported by enchantment into the tent of a patriarch. The women in their tents likewife prepare the wool, fpin it, and weave it into cloth on looms fufpended the whole length of the tent. Each piece is about five ells long, and one and an half broad; it is neither dreffed nor dyed, and it has no feam; they wafh it when it is dirty, and as it is the only habit of the Moors, they wear it night and day. It is called Haigue, and is the true model of the ancient draperies. The Moors of the Plain wear nothing but their woollen fluffs; they have neither thirts nor drawers. Liuen among thefe people is a luxury known only to thofe of the court or the city. The whole wardrobe of a Moor in eafy circumftances confifts in a haique for Winter, another for Summer, a red cape, a hood, and a pair of flippers. The common people, both in the country and in towns, wear a kind of tunick of woollen cloth, white, grey, or ftriped, which reaches to the middle of the leg, with great fleeves and a hood; it refembles the habit of the Carthufians. The women's drefs in the country is libse wife confined to a haigue which covers the neck and the fhoulders, and is faftened with a filver clafp. The ornaments they are fondeft of are ear-rings, which are either in the form of rings, or crefcents, made of filver, bracelets and rings for the small of the leg; they wear thefe trinkets at their moft ordinary occupations; lefs out of vanity than because they are unacquainted with the ufe of cafkets or cabinets for keeping them. They alfo wear necklaces made of coloured glass beads, or cloves Atrung on a cord of filk. Befides thefe ornaments, the women, to add to their beauty, imprint on their face, their neck, their breaft, and on almost every part of their body, reprefentations of flowers and other figures. The impreffions are made with a piece of wood ftuck full of needles, with the points of which they gently puncture the fkin, and then lay it over with a blue-coloured fubftance, or gun powder pulverized, and the marks never wear out. This cuftom, which is very ancient, and which has been practifed by a variety of nations, in Turkey, over all Asia, in the fouthern parts of Europe, and perhaps over the whole globe, is however, not general among the Moorish tribes. The Moors confider their wives lefs in the light of companions than in that of flaves defined to labour. Except in the business of tillage, they are employed in every fer vile operation: nay, to the fhame of humanity, it must be owned, that in fome of the poorer quarters a women is often feen yoked in a plough along with a mule, an afs, or fome animal, When the Moors remove their douhars, all the men feat themselves in a circle on the ground, and, with their elbows refting on their knees, pafs the time in converfation, while the women strike the tents, fold them up into bundles, and place them on the backs of their camels or oxen. The old women then are each loaded with a parcel, and the young carry the children on their fhoulders fufpended in a cloth girt round their bodies. In the more southern parts, the women are likewife employed in the care of horses, in faddling and bridling them; the hufband, who in thefe climates is always a defpot, iffies his orders, and feems only made to be obeyed. The women travel without being veiled; they are accordingly fun-burnt, and have no pretentions to beauty. There are, however, fome fome quarte's where they put on a little rouge: they every where ftain their hair, their feet, and the ends of their fingers, with an herb called henna, which gives them a deep faffron colour, a cuftom that must be very ancient among the people of Afia. Rare dyed his eye-brows and beard with the fame colour, and many of his fucceffors imitated him. The cuftom may have originally been a religious ceremony, which the women have turned into an ornament; but it is more probable that the cuftom of painting the beard and hair, and that of having the head and ufing depilatories in other parts of the body, has been at firft employed from motives of cleanlinefs in warm countries. The marriage-ceremonies of the Moors that live in tents pretty much resemble thofe of the fame people that live in the cities. In the douhars they are generally moft brilliant and gay; the strangers that pals along are invited, and made to contribute to the feaft; but this is done more from politeness, than from any mercenary motive. The tribes of the Plain generally avoid mixing by marriage with one another; the prejudices that divide these people are commonly perpetuated; or, if they are partially healed, they never fail to revive, upon trifling occafions, fuch as a frayed camel, or the preference of a pafture or a well. Marriages have fometimes taken place a mong them, that, fo far from cementing their differences, have occafioned the moft tragical fcenes.. Hufbands have been known to murder their wives, and women their husbands, to revenge national quarrels. Parents are not encumbered with their children, however numerous they may be, for they are very early employed in domeftic affairs; they tend the flocks, they gather wood, and they affift in ploughing and reaping. In the evening, when they return from the field, all the children of the douhar affemble in a common tent, where the Iman, who himself can hardly fpell, makes them read a few fentences from the Koran, written on boards, and inftructs them in their religion by the light of a fire made of ftraw, of bushes, and cow-dung dried in the fun. As the heat is very great in the inland parts of the country, children of both fexes go quite naked till the age of nine or ten. The douhars difperfed over the plains are always in the neighbourhood of fome rivulet or fpring, and they are a kind of inns for the reception of travellers. There is generally a tent erected for their ufe, if they have not brought one along with them. They are accommodated with poultry, milk, and eggs, and with what ever is neceflary for their horses. Instead of wood for fuel, they have the cow-dung, which when mixed with charcoal, makes a very brisk fire. The falts that abound in the vegetables of warm countries give this dung a confiftence which it has not perhaps in northern regions. A guard is always fet on the tents of travellers, efpecially if they are Europeans, becaufe the opinion of their wealth might tempt the avidity of the Moors, who are naturally in clined to thieving. With refpect to the roads, a very judicious policy is established, which is adapted to the character of the Moors, and to their manner of life. The doubars are refponfible for robberies committed in their neighbourhood, and in fight of their tents: they are not only obliged to make reftitution, but it gives the Sovereign a pretence for exacting a contribution proportioned to the abilities of the douhar. In order to temper the rigour of this law, they are made refponfible only for fuch robberies as are cominitted during the day; thofe that happen after sun-set are not imputed to them, as they could neither fee nor prevent them: on this account, people here travel on from fun-rifing to funfetting. To facilitate the exchange of neceffaries, there is in the fields every day, except Friday, which is a day of prayer, a public market in the different quarters of each province. The Moors of the neighbourhood affemble to fell and buy cattle, corn, pulse, dried fruits, carpets, haiques, and in fhort all the productions of the country. This market, which is called Soc, resembles our fairs Tho buftle of the people who go and come gives a better idea of the manner of life of the Moors than can be had in the cities. The Alcaides, who command in the neighbourhood, always attend these markets with foldiers, to keep the peace: as it frequently happens that the grudges which thefe tribes harbour against one another break out, upon fuch occafions, into open violence. The diffolution of the Soc is always the prefage of fome feditious fquabble. The fkirts of thefe markets are commonly cccupied by Merry Andrews, fingers, dancers, and other buffoons, who make apes dance to amute the idle. On one fide are barbers and furgeons, to whom the fick are brought to be cured. I have often amufed myself with thefe fights in travelling. I have seen men and young women, on account of fuperabundance of humours, head-achs and other difeafes of that fort, receive flight fcarifications; the men on the head, and the women on the face, near the hair, or on the fhoulders, arms, or legs thefe flight cicatrices are in regular figures, and do not deform the perfon; though they would be incompatible with the customs of, Europe, where health is often facrificed to fashion and beauty. The The Moors have no idea of the cuftoms of other nations, but live in the fimplicity of men in the firft ftages of civilization. Entirely attached to rural life, they employ themfelves in the care of their fields and harveft, and pafs the rest of the time in doing nothing. They are fo habituated to fatigue, that fome among them run as couriers; and notwithstanding their avarice, are very faithful. One can hardly form an idea of the ftupidity of thefe people. I once faw one of them waiting for his dispatches in a room where there was a mirror, and feeing himself in it, he thought it was another courier waiting for difpatches in another chamber. He afked whither this courier was going and fome body laughing, anfwered, that he was going to Mogodor. That is lucky, fays the fellow, we fhall go together: he immediately made the propofal to the perfon in the glass, who returned him no anfwer; and he was going to take this incivility amifs, when he was undeceived; but it was with great difficulty that he could be perfuaded that a perfon could fee himfelf through a flone*. When I lived at Saffi there came two Mountaineers to have a fight of Europeans, and after having viewed the houfe, they did not know how to get down the ftairs they had afcended: At laft, however, they fat down on the firft ftep, and fupporting themfelves with feet and hands, they flid to the bottom from one step to another. Thefe people have not the leaft idea of painting or defign: they fee nothing in a picture but the variety of colours, without perceiving their order or difpofition. In prints they fee nothing but a confufion of objects, and it is only by great application that they attain the power of diftinguifing the figures. In this relpect they are in the fituation of a man born blind, who is prefented with a picture at the moment of receiving his fight. The Moors that inhabit the cities differ from the others only in having a little more urbanity, and a more eafy deportment. Though they have the fame origin with thefe of the plains, they affect to decline all intercourfe with them. Some writers, with out any foundation, have given the name of Arabs to the inhabitants of the towns, and that of Moors to thofe of the plains. But the greater part of the cities of this empire are more ancient than the invafion of the Arabs, who themselves lived in tents. The houses of the Moors are in general very inconvenient, because their neceffities are not multiplied by artificial defires. These N Ο TE. *The Moors have no words for glaffes, mirrors, because they do not use any. houfes have generally but a ground floor, very few have a firft floor: they are almost conftantly of a fquare form, having in the centre a court fometimes adorned with columns, which form the entrance and admit the light to four principal rooms that make the fides of the fquare. They have no win. dows, for they never receive light from th freet. Each room has a very large door wita two leaves, in one of which is a wicket, and by thefe doors the light enters. The houfes, being only fixteen feet high, are fheltered from the wind, and in fummer they are pretty cool. The rooms are but indifferently furnished; their moveables confift of mats, carpets, fome chairs, a cheft, a table, and a bed, which laft is hid by a curtain. The houses are all covered with terraces of earth about eighteen inches thick. The inhabitants of the towns generally content themselves with one wife: they have female negroes whom they may take as concubines; but their averfion to that colour, which the whites have every where deftined to oppreffion, reftrains them from this practice left they should have mulatto children. It is common enough, indeed, to fee Moors engaged in affairs of gallantry with the wives of Jews, who are in general pretty; and their husbands, on account of their precarious fituation, are fo complaifant as to be ignorant of the connection. The Moors avoid all oftentation in drefs, that they may not attract the attention of their avaricious rulers. The wardrobe of thofe that live in towns is not much larger than that of thofe in the plains. It likewife confifts of a haique, a cape, more or lefs fine, and one of a coarse blue European cloth for winter: but what diftinguishes them from the others is a fhirt and drawers of linen, a veft of cotton in fummer, and of woollen in winter, which they call CAFTAN. The white or blue cape called BERNUS, is ufed on ceremonious occafions, and the perfons of the court never prefent themselves before the fovereign without this cape, a fabre, and a poniard They wear no jewels; few have a ring, a watch, or fiver fnuff-box: it is not above fifteen or twenty years fince the use of fnuff was introduced among them. It is common enough to fee a chaplet in their hands, which is ufed in repeating the name of God a certain number of times every day; particularly by thofe who have not been taught to read the Koran. Continuation of the Hiftory of Boxing. This is giving him the living preference to the reft; but I hope I have not given any cause to say, that there has appeared, in any of my characters, a partial tincture. I have throughout confulted nothing but my unbiaffed mind, and my heart has known no call but merit. Wherever I have praifed, I have no defire of pleafing; wherever decried, no fear of offending. Broughton, by his manly merit, has bid the higheft, therefore has my heart. I really think all will poll with me who poll with the fame principle. Sure there is fome ftanding reafon for this preference. What can be ftrong er than to fay, that for seventeen or eighteen years he has fought every able boxer that appeared against him, and has never yet been beat? This being the cafe, we may venture to conclude from it. But not to build alone on this, let us examine farther into his merits. What is it that he wants? Has he not all that others want, and all the beft can have? Strength equal to what is human, skill and judgment equal to what can be acquired, undebauched wind, and a bottom fpirit, never to pronounce the word enough. He fights the ftick as well as moft men, and underftands a good deal of the fmall-fword. This practice has given him the distinction of time and measure beyond the reft. He ftops as regularly as the fwordsman, and carries his blows truly in the line; he steps not back, diftrusting of himself to ftop a blow, and piddle in the return, with an arm unaided by his body, producing but a kind of flyflap blows, fuch as the paftrycooks ufe to beat those infects from their tarts and cheesecakes. No-Broughton fteps bold and firmly in; bids a welcome to the coming blow; receives it with his guardian arm; then with a general fummons of his fwelling muscles, and his firm body, feconding his arm, and fupplying it with all his weight, pours the pile driving force upon his man. That I may not be thought particular in N O T E S. * He was, however, afterwards beaten by Slack on April 11, 1750. On this occafion there was the greateft number of perfons of diftinction prefent perhaps ever known, and the greateft fums of money beated in favour of Broughton. He was beaten in fourteen minutes. Our author explains this term in the follow manner : "There are two things required to make this bottom, that is, wind and fpirit, or heart, or wherever you can fix the refidence of courage. Wind may be greatly brought about by exercife and diet; but the fpirit is the firft equipment of a Boxer. Without this substantial thing, both art and strength will avail a man bur little. Gent. Mag. April, 1788. dwelling too long upon Broughton, I leave him with this affertion, that as he, I believe, will fearce truft a battle to a warning age, I never fhall think he is to be beaten, till I fee him beat. About the time I firft obferved this promifing hero upon the stage, his chief competitors were Pipes and Gretting. He beat them both (and I thought with ease) as often as he fought them. Pipes was the neatest boxer I remember. He put in his blows about the face (which he fought at moft) with surprising time and judgment. He maintained his battles for many years by his extraordinary skill, against men of far fuperior Arength. Pipes was but weakly made; his appearance bespoke activity, but his hand, arm, and body were but fmall; though by that acquired spring of his arm he hit prodigious blows; and I really think that at laft, when he was beat out of his championship, it was more owing to his debauchery than to the merit of those who beat him. Gretting was a ftrong antagonift to Pipes. They contended hard together for fome time, and were almost alternate vctors. Gretting had the neareft way of going to the ftomach (which is what they call the mark) of any man I knew. He was a most artful boxer, ftronger made than Pipes, and dealt the ftraiteft blows. But what made Pipes a match for him, was his rare bottom fpirit, which would bear a deal of beating; but this, in my mind, Gretting was not fufficiently furnished with; for, after he was beat twice together by Piper, Hammersmith Jack, a meer floven of a boxer, and every body that fought him afterwards, beat him. I muft, notwithstanding, do that juftice to Gretting's memory, as to own that his debauchery very much contributed to spoil a great Boxer; but yet I think he had not the bottom of the other. Much about this time, there was one Whitaker, who fought the Venetian Gondolier. He was a very strong fellow but a clumfy boxer. He had two qualifications very much contributed to help him out. He was very extraordinary for his throwing, and contriving to pitch his weighty body on the fallen man. The other was, that he was a hardy fellow, and would bear a deal of beating. This was the man pitched upon to fight the Venetian. I was at Slaughter's Coffee-houfe when the match was made, by a gentleman of an advanced ftation: he fent for Fig to procure a proper man for him: he told him to take care of his man, because it was for a large fum; and the Venetian was a man of extraordina ry ftrength, and famous for breaking the jaw-bone in boxing. Fig replied, in his rough manner, I do not know, mafter, but he |