publishes the interim, 134; procures
the resumption of the council by Pope
Julius III., 137; his difficulties in
enforcing the submission of the Pro-
testants, 139; defeated by Maurice of
Saxony, 211; resigns the empire, 217
Charles IX. (King of France), 223
Cheregate, papal nuncio at Nurem-
burg; his speech, 8
Church, the; views of Roman-catholic
writers, 33; marks of the church, 34
-36; infallibility of the church of
Rome, 36; her exclusiveness and in-
tolerance, 37, 120; assumed power of
the church to make alterations in the
dispensation of the sacraments, 244
Clement VII. (Pope), 9; proposes to
summon a general council, 11; his
death, 12
Commendon (James), nuncio to Ger-
many, 225
Communion in one kind; debates on
the subject, 239-241; denounced by
the ambassadors at Trent, 241; its
lawfulness decreed, 243-246; re-
marks on that decree, 247
Confession, 167, 177, 189; examination
previous to it, 179; origin of auricu-
lar confession, 180; described, 182;
its annual observance enjoined, 190;
an engine of tyranny, 193; demoral-
izing in its tendency, 194
Confirmation, 124; mode of its adminis-
tration, 125; its supposed effects, 126
Constance (Council of), its decree re-
specting safe-conducts to heretics, 209,
416
Contarini (Cardinal), 14
Contrition, 175, 189
Corpus Christi Day, 154
Councils, remarks on them, 6; one
summoned to meet at Mantua, 13;
prorogued, and summoned to Vicenza,
ib.; prorogued, 14; summoned to
Trent, 15; suspended, ib.; list of the
principal councils, 406-408; differ-
ence of opinion respecting the general
councils, 408
COUNCIL OF TRENT summoned by
Pope Paul III., 18; state of parties
at the time, 20; appointment of le-
gates, 21; opening of the council, 23
--25; measures taken by the Pope to
govern it, 26; discussions respecting
the title of the council, ib.; tyranny
of the legates, 27; second session,
proxies prohibited, ib.; adoption of
the titleœcumenical and universal,"
28; resolution passed to combine doc-
trine and discipline in every decree,
29; the council divided into three
congregations, 30; third session-the
Nicene creed published, 31-33; dis-
cussions on scripture and tradition, 40
-42; appointment of a committee to
revise the vulgate, 43; fourth session—
decree on scripture and tradition, 44—
48; opinions of the Protestants on that
decree, 48; discussions on the right to
preach and deliver lectures on divinity,
61; boldness of the Bishop of Fæsuli,
62; debates on original sin, 64; on
the immaculate conception, 65; fifth
session-decree on original sin,67—72;
debates on justification, 74-78; con-
templated removal of the council, 78;
the session postponed, 78; debates on
free-will, 79; on predestination, 80;
extraordinary care taken in framing
the decree on justification, 81; the
question of the removal of the council
agitated again, ib.; sixth session-de-
cree on justification, 82-100; oppo-
site publications on it, 107; decree on
residence, ib.; debates on the sacra-
ments, 109-111; attempts at reform
frustrated, 112, 113; pluralities dis-
cussed, ib.'; seventh session-decree on
the sacraments, and on baptism and
confirmation, 114-120, 124-126;
decree on pluralities, 126; an infec-
tious disease reported to prevail at
Trent, 127; eighth session-translation
of the council to Bologna, 128; ob-
servations thereon, 129; views of the
Pope and the emperor, 130; ninth ses-
sion-the council prorogued, 132 ;
tenth session-prorogued again, ib.;
submission of the Protestants to the
council procured by the emperor, ib.;
negotiations for its return to Trent,
133; suspension of the council, 135;
its resumption resolved on, 137; the
bull issued, 139; legate appointed,
140; eleventh session the council re-
opened, 141; twelfth session-protesta-
tion against the council by the King
of France, ib.; debates on the euchar-
ist, 143; thirteenth session-decree on
the eucharist, 147-161; observations
on it, 162; safe-conduct issued to the
Protestants, 164; first appearance of
an ambassador from a Protestant
prince, ib.; rejection of the safe-con-
duct by the Protestants, 166; debates
on penance, ib.; disputes on reforma-
tion, 167; violent conduct of the le-
gate, 168; arrival of Protestant am-
bassadors, 169; instructions of the
Pope to the legate on that occasion,
170; fourteenth session - decree on
penance, 170-192; observations on
the decree, 192; the legate endeavours
to hinder its publication, 195; error
discovered in it, ib.; decree on extreme
unction, 197-201; decree on reforma-
tion, 202; arrival of ambassadors from
Maurice of Saxony, 203; a new safe-
conduct demanded by them, ib.; de-
bates thereon, 204-207; reception of
the ambassadors, 206; sundry theolo-
gical discussions, 207; discovery of
an attempt by the legate to procure a
decree entailing absolute bondage to
the Pope, 207-209; fifteenth session-
a new safe conduct to the Protestants
issued, 209; Ambrose Pelargo's sermon
on the extermination of heretics, ib.;
arrival of Protestant divines, 210; six-
teenth session-suspension of the coun-
cil, 212; observance of its enactments
enjoined, ib.; its resumption resolved
on by Pope Pius IV., 221; the bull of
convocation issued, 223; the council
announced to the sovereigns of Europe,
224; rejected by the Protestants, 226;
appointment of legates, 227; their
arrival at Trent, ib.; measures taken
by the Pope to secure superiority in the
council, 228; seventeenth session, 229;
discussions on prohibited books, 230;
eighteenth session-committee on prohi-
bited books appointed, 232; safe-con-
duct to the Protestants issued, 233;
dissatisfaction of the bishops, ib.; vio-
lent debates on residence, 234; new
measures adopted by the Pope to
strengthen his power, 235; nineteenth
session, ib.; arrival of the French am-
bassadors, ib.; their reception, 236;
insults offered to the reforming bi-
shops, 257; extensive reform demanded
by the emperor, 238; twentieth session,
ib.; debates on communion in one
kind, 239-241; memorials presented
on that subject by the Bavarian, Im-
perial, and French ambassadors, 241;
twenty-first session-decree on commu-
nion in one kind, 243-246; remarks
on it, 247; decree on reformation,
248; debates on the mass, 249-252;
the French ambassadors request a
postponement of the session, 252;
their complaints of the want of free-
dom in the council, 253; debates on
the concession of the cup to the laity,
253-256; singular division, 256;
expected arrival of the Cardinal of
Lorraine, 256; agreed to refer the
question of the concession of the cup
to the Pope, 257; twenty-second session
-decree on the mass, 258-266; re-
marks thereon, 272-274; decrees
on abuses in the celebration of the
mass, on reform, and on the concession
of the cup, 275; the Pope sends his
ultimate concessions on reform, 276;
debates on the sacrament of orders,
277; on the divine right of episcopacy,
277-280; division, 280; perplexity
of the legates, 281; arrival of the
Cardinal of Lorraine, ib.; measures
taken by the Pope on that occasion,
282; hopes entertained of the cardinal
by the reforming bishops, 283; bold
speech of the French ambassador, Du
Ferrier, ib.; reform demanded by the
various ambassadors, 284; manœuvres
and intrigues of the Pope against them,
285; rejoicings at Trent and at Rome
on account of the defeat of the Hu-
guenots in France, ib.; the question
of divine right left undecided, 286;
Peter Soto's death, ib.; defection of
the Cardinal of Lorraine, 287; dis-
graceful treatment of the Bishop of
Guadix, ib.; repeated prorogation of
the session, 288; the Spanish ambas-
sador's letter on the state of affairs at
Trent, 288; deaths of the legates
Gonzaga and Seripand, 289; ap-
pointment of the cardinals Navagier
and Moron, ib.; twenty-third session-
decree on the sacrament of orders, 289—
296; decree on reform, 304; discus-
sions on matrimony, 305; monstrous
measures proposed by the legates, 306;
departure of the French ambassadors,
307; twenty-fourth session, decree on
matrimony, 307-311; observations,
311; general haste to finish the coun-
cil, 330; news of the Pope's illness,
331; twenty-fifth session-decree on
purgatory, ib.; on indulgences, 337; on
the choice of meats and drinks, fasts and
fast-days, 342; on the invocation, ve-
neration, and relics of the saints, and
also concerning images, 345-348;
decrees on reform,367-369; the "ac-
clamations" of the fathers, 369; cer-
tain matters referred to the Pope, 370;
catechism of the council, 378-383;
decree respecting the observance of
the enactments of the council, 384;
bull of confirmation issued, 385; vari-
ous reception of its decrees, ib.
Creed (Pope Pius's), 386-389.
Crescentio (Cardinal), legate at Trent,
140; his exhortation to the council,
141; his furious opposition to reform
168, 169; refuses to conciliate the Pro-
testants, 204; endeavours to procure
an acknowledgment of the absolute su-
premacy of the Pope, 207; his rage on
being prevented, 208; his death, 212.
Cup, concession of the, debates on it, 253
256; singular division, 256; referred
to the Pope, 257, 275
Deacons, one of the greater orders, 292
Decalogue, abridged in Roman-catholic
publications, 56
Delphino (Zechariah,) nuncio to Ger-
many, 225
Divine right.-See Bishops
Dominicans, their disputes with the Fran-
ciscans on the immaculate conception,
65-67; on free will, 80; on the sa-
craments, 110; on the eucharist, 144;
their powers and privileges, 317
Drascovitch, 255
Duelling, 368
Ecclesiastical reform. Early attempts to
procure it, 4; demanded by the Ger-
man states, 9; its necessity confessed
by Pope Paul III., 12; commission
appointed by him, 14; views on the
subject at Trent, 21; mode of pro-
ceeding adopted by the council, 29,
64; resistance of the Pope, 82; stor-
my debates, 112-114; opposition of
Pope Julius III.,146; insult offered to
the Bishop of Verdun, 169; abortive
reforming project of the Pope, 213;
professed zeal of Pope Paul IV., 216;
efforts of the prelates thwarted by the
legates, 233-235; their violent con-
duct, 237; bold speech of the Bava-
rian ambassador, 241; ultimate con-
cessions of the Pope, 276; supposed
opinions of the Cardinal of Lorraine,
282; Du Ferrier's speech, 283; de-
mands of the French ambassadors,
284; movements and intrigues of
Pope Pius IV., 285, his success, 287;
decrees on reform, 72, 107, 126, 202,
248, 275, 304, 311, 322, 367-369
Elizabeth (Queen of England,) refuses
to acknowledge the Council of Trent,
224
Eucharist, 143; real presence of Christ
in it, 148, 160; design of the sacra-
ment, 149; its superior excellence,
150; veneration due to it, 154, 160;
preserved and carried to the sick, 156,
160; preparation for it, ib.; its use,
157; directions for receiving it, 159;
duty of communicating once a year,
161; power of the church to alter the
mode of receiving it, 244; reception
in one kind lawful, 245; not neces-
sary for children, 246
Eugenius IV. (Pope), 3
Europe. State of religion and morals in
the early part of the sixteenth century,
1-4
Exorcist, one of the minor orders, 291
Extreme unction, 198; its supposed
effects, 199; when and by whom to be
administered, 200; remarks on it, 202
Fæsuli (Bishop of), his boldness at
Trent, 61; forced to ask pardon for it,
62
Faith, how understood at Trent, 77, 88,
96, 97
Ferdinand (Emperor), 217; his objec-
tions to the council, 222; his de-
mands for reformation, 238
Ferrier (Arnold du), French ambassador
at Trent, 235; his bold speech, 283
Florence (Council of), its decree respect-
ing the power of the Pope, 297
France. Progress of the reformation in
that country, 220; influence of popery
on society, 396
Francis II. (King of France), 220; his
objections to the council, 222
Franciscans, their zeal for the immacu-
late conception, 65-67; their opi-
nions on free-will, 79; on the sacra-
ments, 110; on the eucharist, 144;
their powers and privileges, 317
Free-will, debates thereon, 79; decisions
of the Council of Trent on the subject,
83, 96
Gonzaga (Hercules), legate at Trent,
227; his death, 289
Grace, 84, 88, 89
Granada (Archbishop of), 229, 233,
234
Gregory XII. (Pope), 3
Gregory XVI. (Pope), his idolatrous
attachment to the Virgin Mary, 357
Grievances, the hundred, 9
Gropper (John), 146
Guadix (Bishop of), 287
Henry II. (King of France), his protest
against the Council of Trent, 142
Heresy, its guilt, 37, 38; its extermina-
tion advocated, 210; decree of the
third Council of Lateran on that sub-
ject, 412-415
Hierarchy, 294, 296
Idolatry, popery chargeable with it,
348-354, 360-362
Images of saints to be venerated, 346;
their use, 347; abuses to be corrected,
ib.; remarks, 360-362
Immaculate conception of the Virgin
Mary, 65-67; decree at Trent there-
on, 71
Index of prohibited books, its rules,
370-875; authors inserted in it, 375;
Spanish indexes, 376-378
Indulgences, 336; explained by Pope
Leo X., 337; decree at Trent on the
subject, 337; terms of obtaining them
at Rome, 339; special privileges of
Spain, ib.; grants to England, 340;
immoral tendencies, 341; anecdotes,
342
Infallibility, 36
Infants, 65
Innocent VII. (Pope), 3
Innocent VIII. (Pope), 3
Inquisition established at Rome, 16; its
proceedings under Paul IV., 218
Interim, the, 134
Interpretation of scripture, 44; how
limited by the Council of Trent, 46;
practical operation of that decree,
53-56
Intolerance of popery, 37, 394
Italy, suppression of the reformation
there, 16
Jesuits, their origin, 324; their objects,
326; privileges and laws, ib.; cha-
racter of the institution, 327; its sup-
pression, 328; revival, ib.; present
state, 329; college in Lancashire, ib.
John XXIII. (Pope), 3
Jubilee, when instituted, 340; its pre-
sumed blessings, 341
Julius III. (Pope), his election, 136;
determines to re-assemble the coun-
cil, 137; issues the bull for that pur-
pose, 138; his instructions to the
Legate, 170; his abortive attempts at
reform, 213; his death, 214
Justification, debates at Trent on the
subject, 74-78; defined, 84; prepa-
ration for it, 85, 96; further explained,
86-88, 97; how faith justifies, 88,
97; the increase of justification, 89;
its fruits, 93, 98-100; remarks on
the decree, 100-105; varying opi-
nions among the divines, 107
Lainez, 251, 255, 280
Lanssac (M. de), French Ambassador at
Trent, 235; his remarks on the want
of freedom there, 236, 253
Lateran, third Council of, its decree re-
specting heretics, 412-415
Lectures on divinity, debates at Trent on
the right of delivering them, 61–64;
decree on the subject, 72
Leo X. (Pope), condemns Luther, 6;
his death, 8
Leo XII. (Pope), his remarks on the
Bible Society, 51
Lippoman, nuncio at Trent, 140
Lorraine (Cardinal of), his arrival at
Trent dreaded, 256, 281; opinions
ascribed to him, 282; his reception at
the council, 283; his defection from
the cause of reform, 287; leads the
"acclamations" of the fathers, 369
Luna (Count de), his letter to Philip
II. on the state of affairs at Trent,
288
Luther, his attack on indulgences, 5;
appeals to a general council, ib.;
burns the decretals, &c., 7; his ap-
pearance at the diet of Worms, ib.;
translates the New Testament, 8
Mantua, council summoned there, 13
Marcellus II. (Pope), 214
Martin V. (Pope), 3
Mass, explained, 249; debates on the
subject, 249-252; its institution,
258, 265; sacrifice of the mass pro-
pitiatory, 259, 266; to be offered in
honour of the saints, 261, 266; canon
of the mass, ib.; ceremonies and vest-
ments used in its celebration, 262, 266;
private masses, 263, 266; the mass
not to be celebrated in the vulgar
tongue, 264, 266; mode of celebra-
tion, 266-272; abuses to be cor-
rected, 275
Massarelli, secretary of the Council of
Trent, 141, 227
Matrimony, 305; declared a sacrament,
308; power of the church respecting
it, 309; the marriage-bond indisso-
luble, 310; unlawful for persons in
holy orders, ib.; sundry enactments
respecting it, 311
Maurice of Saxony, sends ambassadors to
Trent, 203; takes up arms against
Charles V., 211
Maximilian I. (Emperor), 5; his death,7
M Hale (Dr.), 52
Melancthon, 106, 140
Mendicant orders, 61, 317
Mendoza, imperial ambassador at Trent,
22
Merit, 93-95, 96-98, 103-105, 187,
191
Milner (Dr.), 105
Miracles, 364-366
Monasteries, their reformation decreed
at Trent, 322
Monasticism, its origin, 314; varieties,
315; reformed by Benedict, 316; sub-
sequent corruption, ib.; mischievous
tendencies, 318-321; greatly fa-
voured by the popes, 321
Monks, 319
Monte (Cardinal De), legate at Trent, 21;
professes great concern for reform, 29;
his treatment of the Bishop of Fæsuli,
62; his haughty demeanour, 112;
chosen Pope, 136.-See Julius III.
Moron (Cardinal), 15, 219; appointed
Legate at Trent, 289
Navagier (Cardinal), 289
Nicene creed, 32
Nicholas V. (Pope), 3
Nuns, 320-322
Nuremburg, diet at, 8
Orders (sacrament of), discussions on
that subject, 277-279; number of the
orders, 290; their sacramental power,
291; said to impress a character, 293
Ordination, ceremonies used therein,
291-293; conferred only by bishops,
294; qualifications of candidates,
304
Original sin, discussions on that subject,
64; decree of the council, 68-71
Osius (Stanislaus), legate at Trent, 227
Parisi (Cardinal), 15
Pascal, 38
Passau, peace of, 215, 220
Paul II. (Pope), 3
Paul III. (Pope), professes great desire
for a council, 12; summons one, 13;
prorogues it, 14; appoints a com-
mission to inquire into abuses, ib.;
summons a council at Trent, 15; es-
tablishes the inquisition at Rome, 16;
his intolerant letter to Charles V., 17;
summons the council again, 18; his
designs respecting it, 21; appoints a
committee to watch its proceedings,
26; enlarges the committee, 61; forms
an alliance with Charles V. against
the Protestants, 73; his joy at the
transference of the council to Bologna,
130; his death, 135
Paul IV. (Pope), his election, 214;
his extravagant pretensions, 216; pro-
fesses great concern for reform, ib.;
proposes to hold a council at Rome,
217; refuses to acknowledge the em-
peror Ferdinand, 218; issues a vio-
lent decree against heretics, ib.; his
cruelty and violence in connexion with
the inquisition, ib.; discontent of his
subjects, 219; his death, 221
Penance, 92, 171, 188; its difference
from baptism, 173; its fruits, 174,
189; works of penance meritorious,
187, 191
Perseverance, 91, 98
Pighino, nuncio at Trent, 140
Pius II. (Pope), 3
Pius IV. (Pope), his election, 221;
proposes to re-assemble the council,
222; issues the bull for that purpose,
223; corresponds with the sovereigns
of Europe, 224; sends nuncios to
Germany, 225-227; appoints legates,
227; urges the King of France to ex-
terminate the Protestants, ib.; his ar-
rangements to secure the management
of the council, 228, 235; his deter-
mined aversion to reform, 237; his
reluctant concessions, 276; adopts
measures to thwart the Cardinal of
Lorraine, 282; his continual inter-
ference with the prelates at Trent,
285, 286; his illness hastens the ter-
mination of the council, 331; con-
firms the council, 385; publishes the
catechism, 378; and the creed called
by his name, 386-389.
Pius VII. (Pope), his remarks on the
Bible Society, 51
Pluralities, 112; decree thereon, 126
Poissy, conference at, 228
Pole (Cardinal), 14; appointed legate,
15; re-appointed, 21; prosecuted for
heresy, 219
Popery, chargeable with idolatry, 348—
354, 360-362; hostile to education
and science, 376; opposed to the
scripture doctrine of grace, 391; in-
compatible with spiritual worship,
392; its immoral tendencies, 393; its
intolerance, 394; its injurious influ-
ence on society, 396; its antichristian
assumptions, 397; its tendency to
infidelity, ib.; remarks on its rise and
progress, 400-406; its present state,
465-471
Pope, his infallibility, 36, 294; decree of
the Council of Florence respecting
his power, 297; the transalpine and
cisalpine opinions on that subject, 298;
Cardinal Bellarmine's lectures thereon,
299-301; honours paid to the Pope,
302; his temporal government, 303;
chronological list of the popes, 409—
Porter, one of the minor orders, 290
Prayers to the saints, 105, 345
Predestination, debates on it at Trent,
80; confidence therein forbidden, 91
Priesthood, its power among Roman
Catholics, 192; its divine institution,
289; distinction between internal and
external priesthood, 294; degrees of
dignity therein, ib.
Priests, their exclusive power to adminis-
ter the eucharist, 158; to hear confes-
sion, 182, 191; to administer extreme
unction, 200; their ordination, 292
Printing, restrictions thereon, 47, 370-
375
Protestantism, 19; its triumphant pro-
gress, 220
Protestants, origin of the term, 10;
reject the Council of Trent, 22, 39;
compelled by Charles V. to promise
submission to the council, 132; their
dissatisfaction with the bull of Pope
Julius III., 139; appoint ambas-
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