The Library.

A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary. Part I. Aam-Dowel. By J. F. Bense. (Oxford University Press, 10s. 6d. net.).

Dora Nussey. 1913.

Allen, J. Romilly. 'Early Christian symbolism in Great Britian and Ireland before the thirteenth century, being the Rhind lectures for 1885.'

Hulme, Edward. 'Symbolism in Christ

ian art.' 1892.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

Undoubtedly the best books on this subject are M. and W. Drake's Saints and their emblems,' illustrated by 12 plates. . .London, T. W. Laurie, 1926, sm. fol., pp. xiv. 236, 0.0.p., and Arthur De Bles' How to distinguish the saints in art by their costumes, symbols, emblems, etc.,' New York, Art Publ. Co., 1925, 4to., pp. 168, 5 dollars. The first is in two parts, the first half of the book comprising a dictionary of some thousands of Saints, with their emblems, with references; the second half is a cross reference dictionary of topics and symbols. The second is of value for its illustrations, containing no less than 400. Together they form as complete a reference work as it is possible to get.

THIS Dictionary which will probably be completed in four parts, aims at recording as far as possible all words that have, or may have, passed into English from the continental Low German dialects, including those which have come by way of America, South Africa or any other originally Dutch colony. The work is largely based on the New English Dictionary and on Skeats' Etymological Dictionary with reference also to the Dialect Dictionary. Dr. Bense, in his Preface, tells us it is a labour of love upon which he has been engaged for more than twenty years; and evidence that it is so is writ large on every page. The last evidence to clinch a word as Low-Dutch is more often than not difficult, in not a few cases impossible, to obtain. Hence these articles in a large proportion are, in fact, brief discussions bringing forward whatever in the way of history or custom can throw light on subject. The number of words in this first part is 665, which implies no inconsiderable bulk of matter. Dr. Bense in an interesting introduction shows that the internal evidence of a word's being a loan-word from Low Dutch, evidence to be collected from form, pronunciation and sense, is precarious. The external evidence he treats under the headings Historical and Literary. Under the first he recalls the waves of Dutch and Flemish immigration which swept over Great Britain from time to time from the eleventh to the seventeenth century; the domestic and industrial intercourse thereby set up; the frequent military co-operation between English and Dutch; the trade between the two peoples; the mutual entertainment of religious refugees; the con

course thereby

the

tact in colonial settlements. The list of wool

growing abbeys and priories in the thirteenth century reveals that there were few monastic houses not occupied in this industry, and where wool was produced thither would the Fleming find his way. An interesting result, indeed, of the historical consideration of this word-borrowing is the recognition of how widely as well as repeatedly Low-Dutch influence permeated, or at any rate might permeate, the different dialects of England, Scotpublished a study of the historical relations land and Ireland. Dr. Bense has recently between English and Dutch. The literary evidence is, of course, narrower in range and smaller in amount, but compensates for this by its certainty. As example Dr. Bense takes the words "buckwheat," " berkyne," skite,' and Icalk." While basing his Dictionary on the "N.E.D." and broadly in agreement with that work, Dr. Bense, we observe, occasionally dissents from it, or adds suggestions to it. Examples may be found under 'burlap," domineer,' crimp," "clock." For many

words the result reached is by no means conclusive, nevertheless, the evidence assembled is always well worth looking at and often illuminates more than the immediate topic. The Philosophy of Francis Bacon. By C. D. Broad. (Cambridge University Press, 2s. 6d. net.).

DELIVERED at Cambridge on the occasion of

the tercentenary this address is a valuable contribution towards the general understanding of Bacon's philosophy. The claims made for Bacon, even as the father of inductive logic, have had to be largely revised; and his scientific doctrines, experiments, and philosophical principles have stood the tests of time and criticism with but partial success. Dr. Broad holds that if he 'be the father of the method and outlook of modern science, he is so by spiritual affinity rather than by natural generation," and suggests that D'Alembert and the French Encyclopædists did much to give him paternal rank. The honours of the discovery of the scientific method and inductive proof Bacon must share with Descartes, and he is altogether to seek in the matter of providing logical justification for his Own methods. Nevertheless, making all deduction for defects and for exaggerated appreciation the Baconian philosophy is an impressive achievement-the achievement of genius, seen clearly to be so when one sets it back in the surroundings amid which it was elaborated. Dr. Broad's clear and concise but comprehensive outline does indeed, as he suggests, serve better as praise than any studied panegyric.

Evelyn's Circle of Mechanical Trades.' Annotated by A. Forbes Sieveking. (Excerpt Transactions of The Newcomen Society). VELYN'S EVELY Circle " comprises eight sections: "Usefull and purely Mechaniq; Meane and lesse honourable; Servile; Rusticall: Female; Polite and more Liberall; Curious; Exotick and very rare Seacrets." In each the trades are arranged alphabetically. As Mr. Sieveking notes, while some trades are now obsolete others are now known under a different name-thus a "crusemaker" is an oil-lampmaker, and a fripperer an old clothes dealer. Among the meane trades are the makers of baubles for children among the " servile is the Embailer,' who is to be explained as a packer though the packer" is also mentioned. The "rusticall" list is delightful, with the Vigneron "; the keeper who practises the " Subterranean art of Cicuration "; the "Faukner " and the

دو

Austringer." Among "Femal Artifices"

in

is included Nuns worke," also Hollow-worke in Silke." The Herauld," and the "Fontanier are polite "; general arts and crafts, to which are reckoned Alchemy and "Fire-works," are "curious." The " exoticks offer a strange mixture

HESE poems include Wilfred Gibson's Lighthouse 'Machine'; Edward Thomas's Lob'; John Masefield's The River'; Drake' and Sir John Herschel Remembers' from the poems of Alfred Noyes, and pieces by Squire, Sturge Moore, Ledwidge and Harold Monro. From older poets we have Austin Dobson's Ballad of Beau Brocade '; Kipling's "Last Suttee and Hardy's The Inscription.' Rupert Brooke's The Old Vicarage, Grantchester' is also here, and the collection starts out with the Prologue and Golden Journey to Epilogue of Flecker's Samarkand.' It is an interesting little anthology, and the introduction is likewise interesting-albeit its statements and interpretations challenge dispute at every turn largely because a survey of the times and milieu in which modern poetry has grown up is an undertaking more comprehensive than it is possible to accomplish usefully in eight small pages.

The Bacchic Element in Shakespeare's Plays. By Emile Legouis. (Humphrey Milford for the British Academy, 1s. net.).

enquiry into Shakespeare's THIS is dramatic use and of wine, drinkers drunkenness. Prof. Legouis makes a swift survey of the place of wine in the literature of the Renaissance, beginning with Rabelais; touches on what may be presumed to be Shakespeare's personal knowledge of the subject; discusses the characters in the plays who drink, and for whom Shakespeare betrays kindness (Falstaff he will have to be no real drunkard) and, observing chronological order. comes at last to Stephano, and Caliban's scorn of him. Thus,' he concludes, is Bacchus contemptuously dismissed in the end by the poet who had first done him homage in the true Renaissance spirit."

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Vol. 151. No. 23.

SHAKESPEARE,

and other early dramatists, Report all early books, pamphlets, manuscripts, autograph letters, out of the way items, etc, to

MAGGS BROS.,

34 & 35, Conduit St., London, W.

THE MASK,

AN ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY OF THE ART OF THE THEATRE. Founded in 1908 by

E GORDON CRAIG.

SIXPENCE.

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IN VOLUME XII (1926) IN THE APRIL AND JULY PARTS WAS ISSUED A REPRODUCTION OF HORWOOD'S CELEBRATED PLAN OF LONDON, 1792-1799

IN 16 FOLDING PLATES,

showing every square, street and court. almost every house being numbered as it was in the 18th century. The Plan is accompanied by copious notes, rich in theatrical facts, and is now for the first time offered in a convenient and inexpensive form

of immense value to the historian and the scholar."-Glasgow Herald. RARE

18th CENTURY PLANS OF ROME & PARIS.

Appeared in Volume XI, 1925.

lovely plates of microscopic beauty."--Review of Reviews.

MSS.

Offered for Sale by

GEORGE SHERWOOD, 210, Strand, W.C.2, London

(From a collection which has lain untouched for over 200 years-since the time of Dutch William).

28. LONDON PRINTERS.-Contemp. copy of petition to Lord Mayor SHELDON, after the Fire of London, of Joseph LEIGH, Thomas GOREING and Godfrey HEAD, founders of printing letter, for licence keep journeymen forraigners, there being but two journeymen freemen."

now

page, f'cap. £2 28.

29. PRINCETHORPE, Court Roll, 16 Elizabeth. £2 2s.

66

One Manor One membrane.

Warw.

30. HERBERT, Lady Mary, dau. of Katherine, Duchess of BUCKINGHAM. Deed of by which she grants to Philip, Earl PEMBROKE and Sir Robert PYE certain jewels, &c., as amber, christall, aggatts, cornelian, elitropian, ivory," &c., to go as heire lombes," as per schedule annexed of some 46 items. and covers of Two cuppes amber." One greate Bason of Christall garnisht with gould.' "One greate cupp like a shipp of Christall." "A paire of Tables of Amber the dice sett with Rubies." Elitropian spoone with a Christall handell.' "A little "One flying fish of Christall." Chist of gould sett with Persesin stones." &c., &c. Dated 15 April, 1637. (Signed) Ma. HERBERT. £5 5s.

31. JEFFREYS. A relic of Judge JEFFREYS and his family. A small thick MS. book in limp vellum covers, 7 ins. x 6ins, containing badly written notes from law cases, temp. Eliz. to Charles II. On leaf 124 are scribbled the names of John, Edward, Thomas, William, George, and James JEFFREYS; query, the names of the Judge and his brothers. The whole book possibly in Judge JEFFREYS' hand. Paper, 163 leaves. £5 5s.

A sixteenth

32. GARROWDEN, Leic. century Rental and Rent Roll, giving about 100 names of tenants and the sums paid.-Parchment, 12ins. by 6ins. Places named: Dyxby. Stanton, Olby, Syxtynby, Estwell, Rempston, Godeby, town of Burton, Cottyngstok, etc., etc. £1 10s.

33 ISLEWORTH, Mddx. Six charters, 7-22 Edward IV. (1467-83) of lands in. A house and land in Worton called" Fruteredress." Good condition. Seals. £3 3s. 34. RIEVAULX ABREY, Yorks. Ministers' account of possessions of the monastery of Ryvalls." 31 Henry VIII. Rents in Billesdale and Raysdale, describing the lands and giving the tenants' names. A paper roll. tender and torn, measuring 43ins. x 12ins. The Chartulary of Rievaulx was printed by The Surtees Society. £3 3s.

(To be continued.)

CAMBRIDGE BOOKS

AFTER MANY YEARS

A tale of experiences and impressions
gathered in the course of an obscure life.
By W. E. HEITLAND. M.A.
Crown Svo. 7s 6d net.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF

FRANCIS BACON

An Address delivered at Cambridge on the Occasion of the Bacon Tercentenary, 5 October, 1926.

By C. D. BROAD, Litt.D., F.B.A.
Crown Sto. 28 6d net.

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL JOURNAL Editorial Committee: E. A. Benians, M.A., Z. N. Brooke, M.A., Prof. J. B. Bury. Litt.D., J. H. Clapham, Litt.D., W. F. Reddaway, M.A., Prof. J. Holland Rose, Litt.D., Harold Temperley, Litt.D. (Hon. Editor).

l'ol. 2. No. 1. 1926. 6s net. Now ready.

THE GREEK THEATER AND ITS DRAMA

By R. C. FLICKINGER. Third Edition. With 90 illustrations. Royal Svo 15s net. University of Chicago Press.

MEMORABILIA :-397. NOTES:-The Royal Household under Henry I. 399-Chief of Beaufront, 402-Primitive money in the 'Odyssey.' 403 Oliver Goldsmith Dating Births, Marriages, and Deaths-Spiders and Spiders' Webs as medicine-The first weeping willow in England-Physic in epitaphs, 404. QUERIES:-"For a wonder "-" I shouldn't wonder "-Duel: Monahan election, 1826-A knife as a mark of attestation-Ancestors of John Locke -Identification of portrait sought: Judge Fell, 405-Heraldic: grantee of arms wanted-Medal commemorating Sedan-Emma, Lady Hamilton at Westminster Hall Edward Orpwood's sword-Blunt (Blount) of Wricklemarsh, Charlton-" From Pole to Pole," 406 Jane's Marriage '-Edward Sterling--Rice- La Cachirra

erence wanted, 407.

-An Allusion in Pickwick-Samuel Butler: refREPLIES:-Sweating-sickness, 407-Bishop Bedell -Edward IV and Lady Elizabeth Butler, 408Aegibius-Dardis-The Duodecimal Hundred J. de Groot, portrait-painter, 409-Arabic numerals Nelson's daughter Oldest inhabited house in the United States, 410-The Symbols of Saints-St. Nicholas and the Tau Cross Halnaker, Sussex-Bradshaw's railway guide Music-printiing, 411 Henry Hole, woodengraver-First picture-postcards, 412-Houses of Parliament: officials-London's 'Buses. THE LIBRARY: The Place-names of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire - As You Like It.'

NOTES AND QUERIES is published every Friday, at 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306.). Subscriptions (£2 28. a year, U.S.A. $10.50, including postage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 158. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $9, without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 22, Essex Street, W.C.2 (Telephone: Central 396), where the current issue is on sale. Orders for back numbers, indexes and bound volumes should be sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters for the Editor to the London Office.

Memorabilia.

ON Thursday, Nov. 25, the House of Commons, by a majority of 97, threw out the City Churches Measure brought to it, to be presented for Royal Assent, from the Church of England Assembly. The Measure, which had in view the demolition of certain City churches that the proceeds of the sale of valuable sites might be used for the needs of outlying parts of the Diocese, had met with vigorous opposition both from the City authorities and from lovers of architecture and archæology. This opposition has revealed that during the week the City churches are used more often than may have been generally supposed, and that their presence at the very centre of the world's greatest money-making activities, is inwardly acknowledged and valued, by many who would not often take occasion to say so. Two suggestions worth weighing occur in letters to The Times of Nov. 29: the one, that the City should " by stretching out a helping hand to the poor prove its sincerity and rapidly growing districts whose religious needs the sacrifice of the City Churches had been designed to meet: the other that the principle of specialization should be applied to the City Churches in order to raise their usefulness to higher power. There might be a Church of the Postmen's Union, Policemen's Union; another of the RailDr. Geikie-Cobb, suggests; another of the waymen's Union; and the great missionary societies might each have a Church assigned to it.

WE

"

E have found more things than usual worth keeping the memory of in the December Cornhill. First of all Mr. Leon