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The Library.

A Greek-English Lexicon. Compiled by Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott. A New Edition, Revised and Augmented throughout by Henry Stuart Jones, D.Litt., with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, M.A., and with the co-operation of many scholars. Part II: άroßáλw -diadéyw (Oxford, Clarendon Press. To be published in ten parts, 108. 6d. each Subscription for the complete work, £4 48.)

WE welcome a fresh instalment of this invaluable work, the first section of which was noticed a year ago (cxlix. 125). Let it be said again that it shews a great and manysided advance on the last edition. Yet there are probably libraries which are eager to acquire the newest thing on broad-casting and grudge the price of Professor Stuart Jones's work on the plea that they have already" got a Liddell and Scott."

It is in no ungrateful or captious spirit that we comment on a few points.

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Under Bodirivos a reference is given to Aristophanes, Ranae,' 295, and then follows this: OKEλos Cratin. inc. 17 Mein." But No. 17 of the fragments from unidentified plays of Cratinus as printed on p. 181 of vol. II, part i (1839) of Meineke's Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum and on p. 59 of his editio minor (1847), does not contain the words Boirov σKéλos, though in his critical note Meineke quotes the passage of Athenaeus (xiii. 566 e), in which the words ἀλλὰ βολίτινον ἔχων θάτερον σKéλos, presumably a recollection of the passage in the Ranae,' follow a phrase quoted from Cratinus. It was F. H. Bothe who, in his edition of the Ranae' (1828) treated this Aristophanic allusion as part of the quotation from Cratinus.

We are tempted to stay by some of the words for which Hesychius's Lexicon is the authority. The curious daeyó glossed by oida, ériorapa is given without comment. But the conjecture of M. Schmidt is attractive, that we should read ἐγὼδα· ἐγὼ οἶδα, ἐπίσταμαι, which would be an exact parallel to Hesychius's éyapai éyw oida, voμišw. Again, for devδρίτης, glossed by κροκόδειλος, Schmidt has a plausible explanation. But a lexicographer with & sense of proportion is not called on to weigh all the blunders in Hesychius, which are perhaps better for separate disquisition." We also note that Wyttenbach's emendation of amparov for arpaкTоv in chapter 17 of Plutarch's Galba has not been accepted.

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The English equivalents in a dictionary are always interesting. Much care has been bestowed on the exact rendering of Greek technical terms. Indeed, at times a student is obliged to refer to the O.E.D.' for the expla

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"mock

nation of the English, e.g., of mordanting," given as the meaning of ἀραίωσις. Transportworker" is up-to-date for Baoraɣápios. We have Greek word is gone for the moment). Has this doubts, however, about grain-elevator (the ing rather than the machine? In any case, not come in American usage to denote a buildMr. H. W. Fowler would have us prefer the simpler grain-hoist." Under Boμßág it is pleasant to find that the 8th edition's place to Dominie Sampson's heroic expression of wonder " has now given prodigious!" Βοστευχίτης οἶνος is described as "wine made front pressed grapes."',, Some twenty-five years Adelaide police-court and newspapers as the ago the word pinky" became common in the name of a cheap Australian wine produced from the refuse of the wine-press. It was denounced by magistrates and medical experts on the ground that those who drank it went mad and beat their wives.

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In a book where each line offers several easy opportunities for a misprint, the accuracy is amazing, but this is merely what we expect from the Oxford Press. Somehow déoμwμa has shed its accent, and whereas space is saved by dropping to (except before "be") in giving the meaning of a verb, in a few instances the struck out; there are two such lapses on p. to " of the earlier editions has not been 400, column a.

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The necessary smallness of the type and the compression of the references may make it difficult for the student to annotate this new edition on the margin, but the separate parts can be temporarily bound and interleaved or kept in spring-back cases. A further agreeable task would be the preparation of a small Companion to Liddell and Scott, which should deal with the curiosities and humours of the Greek vocabulary. Think of the fun in a language which can provide such words as appoo Bóμßaέ for a puffing, bustling fellow," and γωνιοβόμβυξ one that buzzes in a corner as a nickname of grammarians! Venus and Anchises (Brittain's Ida) and Other Poems. By Phineas Fletcher. Edited by Ethel Seaton. (Oxford University Press. 10s. 6d. net).

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ISS SEATON lighted on these seven poems College, and this edition is published for the Royal Society of Literature under the terms of the Dr. Richards Trust. The principal poem, with the title Venus and Anchises, is that which was first published in 1628, among the works of Spenser, as Brittain's Ida.' Here we find it provided with two introductory stanzas, in which the poet appears under the name Thirsil: and Thirsil is Phineas Fletcher's pseudonym in a majority of his poems. This, with reference therein to the Cam and with much good argument drawn from style conclusively establishes Fletcher's authorship. The next poem in the list is an Epithalamium hitherto unknown, which shows Flet

cher, as a poet, almost at his best; he attempts, and with success, an elaborate structure of regular and irregular stanzas and of exacting rhyme. The treatment of his theme is frankly pagan, and the poem thereby labours under some disadvantage of artificiality, the paganism being, after all, but simulated; nevertheless, it has great charm. Third comes a version of the poem to Mr. Jo. Tomkins,' and the remaining four are eclogues IV, VI, II & V of the Piscatorie Eclogs.' The editor is of opinion that this is their chronological order.

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Whence the MS. came to Sion College has not been discovered. The only link between Phineas Fletcher and the College was John Arrowsmith the Puritan divine, who is not likely to have treasured up and still less to have handed on, this sort of amatory effusions. Miss Seaton suggests that it was brought as an unconsidered oddment in some gift of books to the College by a bookseller or publisher. The writing would seem not to be Fletcher'sa conclusion to be drawn partly from its being in secretary hand, but principally from the bad mistakes, which seem to argue a careless or ignorant copier, copying from an Italian hand with the English e. Of its importance Miss Seaton writes with notable moderation; finds of inferior value to this have been louder trumpeted. It adds to the works of Fletcher, and to the body of seventeenth century poetry, one carefully wrought poem which, though not great, is beautiful and ingenious; and it confirms-against seeming fact to the contrary-the attribution of Brittain's Ida' to Fletcher, thereby, as Miss Seaton points out, justifying the methods of criticism by style. All this is worth having.

We do not remember to have seen noticed anywhere the curious lapses in sense to which in yielding himself too much to his ear, Fletcher falls, especially in antithesis. Thus in Venus and Anchises.' he says that

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scattered rays did make a doubtful sight Like to the first of day or last of night, where he clearly means morning or evening twilight and in the Epithalamium' he has Out of two one soul compounding, And two souls in one confounding, where he seems to be trying for an antithesis and unable to get it.

Le Thème et le Sentiment de la Nature dans la Poésie Anglo-Saxonne. By Emile Pons. (Humphrey Milford. 4s. net.) THIS is one of the publications of the University of Strasburg. Its subject is English poetry up to the time of the Conquest. The treatment is fresh and pleasant, and though the essay in the main offers to the student no novelty of substance, it has both stimulating suggestion, and some good and uncommon illustration. Thus mention is made of the feeling for nature in the Greek fathers. which is exemplified in quotations from St. Basil

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Proceedings of the British Academy, 1921-1923. (Humphrey Milford, for the British Academy. £2 net).

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THIS volume gives the lists of Fellows and Officers and Council with the three Annual Reports, and, at the end, half a dozen obituary notices. Of the twenty-eight papers some are already known to our readers. The Warton lectures on English Poetry for this period-all included here were Mr. Selincourt's Keats'; Mr. John Drinkwater's Some Contributions to the English Anthology,' and Mr. George Gordon's Shelley and the Oppressions of Mankind.' The rather quaintly-named Annual Master-Mind Lecture dealt in 1921 with Dante (Dr. Edmund Gardner) and in 1923 with Adam Smith (Prof. W. R. Scott). The lecture on Molière, by M. Maurice Dounay does not appear here. The three Italian lectures are Dr. Cesare Foligno's on Dante; Mr. Edward Hutton's delightful account of Boccaccio, and Mr. Edward Armstrong's History and Art in the Quattrocento - a most stimulating essay. The Raleigh lectures on History_ were given by Prof. A. F. Pollard (The Elizabethans and the Empire'), by Admiral Richmond ('National Policy and Naval Strength, XVI to XX Century '), and by Professor Tout (London and Westminster in the XIV Century) and all are here. Of the Shakespeare lectures, one, Prof. A. W. Pollard's Foundations of Shakespeare's Text appears. We may mention also that this volume contains. the late Henry Bradley's essay 'On the Text of Abbo of Fleury's Quaestiones Grammaticales, and a short account by Mr. Eric Maclagan of the beautiful Romanesque relief in York Minster, as well Cursus as Dr. Paget Toynbee's study of the in connection with Dante's De Vulgari Eloquentia,' and Dr. R. L. Poole's Beginning of the Year in the Middle Ages.'

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Memorabilia.

THE August Nineteenth Century contains an article by Mr. Davidson Cook on the Poems of Emily Brontë. He has discovered among a large collection of Brontë MSS. in the Honresfeld library of Mr. A. J. Law the identical little MS. volume of Emily's verse on which Charlotte laid her hands to the great disgust, as every one knows, of the writer. Comparison of this MS. with the printed editions reveals not only that two poems yet remain unpublished, but also the fact that Charlotte, when, in 1850, she added a number of poems to the new edition of Wuthering Heights,' prepared her selection for the press by numerous and often ruthless alterations. Mr. Davidson Cook goes into the matter fully, and the outcome certainly is that a new edition of Emily's poems is called for To take but two examples, the well-known lines beginning: "No coward soul is mine are in no edition printed exactly as they stand in the little MIS. book (a facsimile is given); and from The Bluebell' Charlotte struck out fewer than four consecutive stanzas.

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lege was undergoing some demolition, and was acquired by Dr. Harding Newman, a Fellow of Magdalen. He set it up in a wall in his property at Nelmes near Upminster, in Essex. In course of time and change the gate was bought by Mr. J. Rochelle Thomas of King's Street, St. James's, who removed the paint from it, and exposed the splenOn its being didly preserved original oak. exhibited it was seen by an old Balliol man, who brought others to share his anxiety that the gate should not be sent out of the country; and so eventually its purchase for Balliol and return thither was accomplished. ON Aug. 18 The Times published an important letter from Dr. Chalmers Mitchell, recalling certain observations made by him in the course of The Times African Aeroplane Flight in 1920-when an elevated plain of lava studded with craters was seen north of Khartum-and quoting paragraphs from a letter written by Mr. H. C. Jackson, Governor of Berber Province, in April of this year, who, in an exploration by motor car in the region of Dr. Chalmers Mitchell's discovery, has confirmed the existence there of extinct volcanoes Dr. Grabham, the Government geologist of the Sudan, had suspected the truth because of specimens of tufa sent in from the valley 50 miles below. from the air-the first important discovery This confirmation of a geological discovery of the kind-is, it need hardly be said, of the very greatest interest; and the further interest of this new insight into the conformation of Africa needs no emphasizing. THE new number of the Journal of the

Society of Army Historical Research is one of the best yet issued and we would call particular attention to the 'Articles of War-1627,' which appear in it, printed. it is believed, for the first time. They have been taken, Captain H. Bullock informs us in his introduction, from a MS. in a volume of Admiralty papers in the Public Record The date has Office. been tentatively ascribed to them. They are headed 'Instructions for the execution of Martial Law in his Majesty's Army,' and consist of sixty articles, principally detailing offences to be A few contain curious points. Thus Art. 17 enjoins that Whosoever shall be found sleeping upon his watch, either of sentinel or perdu, shall without mercy be punished with death.” "Perdu," a footnote explains, was used to denote a sentinel posted in so advanced a position that he could hardly hope to escape death.

A group of old Balliol students and a well- punished with death.

known London art dealer have combined to procure the return to Balliol College of a fine oak gate which was built for the College in 1288. In structure it consists of two folding-gates standing about 10ft. high and weighing 2 tons. It was removed during the eighteenth century at a time when the Col

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