ing, as far as I can remember, the body of a Swedish nobleman, detained there by his creditors for debt. J. G. MUDDIMAN. SIR JOHN COLSHILL: THE AGINCOURT ROLL (cli. 62).-MR. PRIDEAUX's enquiry whether there is any authority for Lake's statement that Sir John Colshill was slain at Agincourt in 1415, might be extended to whether he was there at all, or even yet a knight at that date. The lost Muster Roll of Agincourt is believed to be preserved to us by three transcripts of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, in the Ashmolean collection, the Heralds' College, and the Harleian Manuscripts; but a fourth and seemingly unknown manuscript copy of it of the same period is before me, and although they all vary slightly in the lists of names and their spellings, in none can I find any mention of Sir John Colshill. It is true that in Rymer's so-called "Retinue of king Henry the Fifth in his first voyage, 3 Henry V.," printed by Sir Harris Nicholas in his History of the Battle of Agincourt, 1833,' the inere entry "John Colshull Esq. does occur on p. 378; but as Dr. J. H. Wylie explains in his Notes on the Agincourt Roll,' Transactions of the Royal Historical Society III., v. 105, this was an arbitary title given by Rymer to a series of extracts made for him from the indentures of service of the period, catalogued as Exchequer Accounts-Army." In effect they were agree ments of compromise, to extend the old feudal service under the common law of forty days, to meet the new conditions of long expeditions over seas, by a lighter retinue, and although most of them were dated April 29, 1415, some did not refer to this campaign at all. At the best, an agreement to send or render aid at a future date was a very different thing from personal presence when the expedition mustered at Michelmersh, Wallopesforthe (now Bossington), Swanwick Heath, and the Bar Gate, July 6 to 16, to sail from Southampton on Aug. 12, 1415. Sir John Colshill's death occurred on July 12, 1418, at the early age of 23, and he may have fallan during the siege of Cherbourg which included that date. This was in Henry V.'s second expedition of 1417, and Colshill would then be a knight, so if his name occurs in the Roll of Musters for this expedition, Lake's errors would be explained by the fact that it was formerly mistaken for, and called, "The Agincourt Roll.' The fourth copy of the Agincourt Roll to which I have referred, is amongst a collection of manuscripts commenced in the sixteenth century and continued by Brooke, Le Neve, Thynne, and Sir Edward Walker, who bound them in 1664, in an attempt to preserve the records of all our early landowners, or in Walker's own words: The Names of the maior part of the Nobility, Bannerets, Esquires and Gent: of England. Extracted out of Records, Rolls of Armes, Manuscripts, etc., beginning the first of King Stephen and ending the 36 of King Hen: 8:1544. Collected for the most part by Sir William Le Neve, Knight, Clarentius King of Armes. The rest by Sir Edward Walker, Knight, Garter principall King of Armes, methodised by him Anno 1664. The manuscripts, therefore, contain thousands of names, and are beyond the limits of an index but, where possible, they are "" methodised chronologically under counties. Glancing through the earlier sections with MR. PRIDEAUX's two further enquiries in mind, I have not noticed the name Colshill under Cornwall, but it suggested Coleshill, Warwickshire, as its most likely place of origin, and under that county I find "Osbertus de Coleshull" in the rolls of Richard I., and "Johannes de Clynton de Coleshull" in 1324. The Coleshills may therefore have been a cadet branch of the De Clinton family. Given date and county, it would be an easier matter to find this, or any other name, in the series. W. J. ANDREW. The place-name Coleshill, perhaps meaning charcoal-burners' hill, is found in several counties. With regard to the personal name, the references to Colshills in one county alone, Devon, including a Colshill who was mayor of Exeter in 1493-4, are too numerous to be mentioned here. Of those occurring in Devon before the date of the battle of Agincourt, there is one to a John de Coleshull, who was parson of North Bovey in 1297see Cal. Pat. Rolls, p. 276 (also in Cal. Chancery Rolls Various, p. 49); another to John Colshulle and Emma his wife, who were involved in a case concerning weirs in the River Taw in 1394 see Cal. Close Rolls, p. 275; and a third to Richard de C. in 1299 --see Cal. Pat. Rolls, p. 415. Reference may also be made to Cal. Pat. Rolls 1397 p. 298. The name Colhill is found. M. QUERIES FROM EVELYN'S DIARY: CARDINAL WOLSEY'S TOMB (cl. 388; cli. 51).-The story regarding the alleged discovery of Cardinal Wolsey's tomb at Leicester Abbey, quoted from Oulton's 'Traveller's Guide (1805) appears to have been the subject of chronic copying all round. Oulton lifted it practically wholesale from John Throsby's Leicestershire Views,' i. 81-82 (1790); and Throsby quotes it as the account given by the Rev. N. Cart, an antiquary-cleric of Leicester in the early eighteenth century. Cart heard the tale from one John Hasloe, who was told it by his grandfather, who was Arthur Barefoot, the gardener, and who found the coffins. Hasloe told Cart he "forgot by what means Barefoot said he knew the coffin to be Wolsey's." A moment's reflection and a little historical knowledge will show how ridiculous the whole tale is. In the first place, in no monastic burial, let alone a Cardinal's, would the coffin be placed upside down over the body; and in the second, Wolsey is known from the biographical evidence to have been interred in a plain wooden coffin-not a stone one, such as was found by the gardener and to have been laid to rest in the Lady Chapel of the Church with all due ceremony, the mitre, ring, pall, and crucifix being placed in the coffin, after the " Mayor and his Brethren of Leicester had paid a ceremonial visit at the lying-in-state of the corpse. The drawings of Leicester Abbey to which MR. ROBERT PIERPOINT refers, as well as the multitudinous others in existence, are all of ruins not monastic, but of the Cavendish Mansion " erected on the site (and possibly incorporating part of the monastic gatehouse), c. 1590. The estate thus came again into the hands of the Cavendishes after being for a time in the occupation of the Earl of Huntingdon, since after the dissolution it had been granted to William Cavendish, brother of Wolsey's biographer. The mansion got burnt down at the time of the Civil War-legend hath it, by drunken Cavaliers therein quartered, though, of course, the historian can no more take cognizance of such a tale than he can of the one about that undignified stone coffin lying upside down on the noble Cardinal's jowl. M. PAUL DARE. Carmina Latina Epigraphica,' and 592 in Ernst Diehl's 'Pompeianische Wandinschriften.' Mall quotes it in his book on Pompeii, p. 494 in F. W. Kelsey's English version Pompeii, its Life and Art' (2nd ed., 1902), where the following translation is offered: Whoever has a mind To hinder lovers' way, Pos Or running waters stay.* For obiurgat, which destroys the metre and does not yield a very satisfactory meaning, Buecheler suggested custodit or diducit. It seems likely that the couplet in its correct form belongs to some lost poem. sibly the lover who scratched the lines on the pillar may, in writing obiurgat "have made a slight change to meet a specific case (Kelsey, p. 494). Those who are old enough to have read The Heir of Redclyffe' may recollect how the hero's playful substitution of ovium for piscium in Horace, Odes I. ii. 9, provoked his cousin Philip's contempt for the false quantity. So much for the origin and meaning of the inscription. As for the bowl itself, can it be a modern antique of Italian_origin? EDWARD BENSLY. CLASTONBURY : ALLUSION IN 'GREAT EXPECTATIONS' (cli. 10). -I would suggest that when Mr. Wopsle "died in the greatest agonies at Glastonbury " he was reciting the last scene of King John.' Shakespeare, it is true, makes the king die in the orchard at Swinstead (Swineshead) Abbey; but may not Dickens by a slip have written the name of the far more famous abbey of Glastonbury? for "the greatest agonies" we have only to remember: And There is so hot a summer in my bosom, That all my bowels crumble up to dust: I am a scribbled form, drawn with a pen Upon a parchment, and against this fire Do I shrink up. INSCRIPTION ON BRASS BOWL (cli. and Alliget hic auras si quis obiurgat amantes "Vetat" in Kelsey's Latin is a misprint for vetet. Within me is a hell; and there the poison Is as a fiend confined to tyrannize On unreprievable condemned blood. Against this suggestion may be set the fact that Dickens in A Child's History of England,' before making John die, as he really did, at Newark, mentions his visit to Swinestead Abbey." But the Child's History' was finished in September, 1853, and Great Expectations' begun in the autumn of 1860, so it seems possible that by the later date abbey " in Dicken's mind may have been associated with Glastonbury. He had occasion, too, to mention Glastonbury several times in chapter iv. of the History. As to the assumption that Dickens had in mind a play or poem dealing with the fate of the last Abbot of Glastonbury, until such play or poem is produced I shall think it highly improbable that Wopsle's recitation had such a subject. Are we to fancy a play in which the abbot was hanged coram populo? EDWARD BENSLY. MOGILA APUD SAXONES": CROME (cli. 81).-Merely by way of conjecture I offer the following considerations, derived from Meyer's Konversationslexikon.' There is a Polish look about the word Mogila" (1) not far from Bromberg, in the province of Posen, on the railway between Posen and Thorn, there is a place called Mogilno; (2) there is a town Mohilev, called in Polish Mogflow, in Podolia (which was formerly Polish) on the Dniester; (3) on the Dnieper lies another Mohilev, chief town of a government of the same name (also spelt Moghilev). From 1697 to 1763 the crowns of Saxony and Poland were united. Might it have been possible, therefore, during that period, for a Westerner to speak of Mogilno as apud Saxones"? Mogilno is quite a small place, but there was a Benedictine monastery there until 1833. Might there have been a professor of botany among the Benedictines? The name Crome looks English. With an extra letter -r it still looks English, but there is a native Polish historian named Martin Cromer (1512-89). L. R. M. STRACHAN. Birmingham University. A mogila or mohila is the funeral cairn of a Slav chief, and the name probably commemorates some Elbe Slav of Saxony. Such mounds besides numerous place-names indicate the wide extent of former Slav territory in Germany. FRANCIS P. MARCHANT. AMBLING (cli. 27, 65, 84).-In Fenimore These Cooper's Last of the Mohicans,' a breed of ambling horses is described known as Rhode Island, whence they came. Narragansets from Narraganset Bay, were small but hardy and of an easy pace, hence, and for their sure footedness, much in demand as mounts for women on the rough ways of the newly cleared Settlements in North America (see chapters ii. and xii). They seem to have ambled by nature, but others were trained to the gait, as it was found so useful. It was clearly slower than trotting, as a fast amble" keeps up with an Indian guide moving (on foot) at a pace between a trot and a walk"; but from its easiness and sureness probably enabled women (at least) to cover quite as much ground in a day as they could have if ordinarily mounted. The nature of the pace is made quite clear in these remarks (Chap. xii.) of Hawk-eye, the white scout, to whom it was new: 66 ÆOLUS. PLUTARCH ON PROTECTIVE COLOURING (cl. 368).-Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History,' trans. Bostock and Riley, in Bohn's Classical Library,' bk. IX., ch. xlvi. says: "It [the Polypus] also changes its colour according to the aspect of the place where it is, and more especially when it is alarmed." And at bk. VIII. ch. li.: "The nature of its [the Chameleon's] colours, too, is very remarkable for it is continually changing; its eyes, its tail, and its whole body always assuming the colour of whatever object is nearest, with the exception of white and red." Also he speaks at the 35th chapter of the same book: With reference to serpents, it is generally known, that they assume the colour of the soil in which they conceal themselves." This same notion anciently occurred to the Chinese as is manifested in the dictum of Twan Chingshih (ob. A.D. 683): "Speaking generally, the birds and quadrupeds invariably conceal their own shapes and shadows by assimilating them to their near objects, thus the colours of snakes follow those of the ground they occupy; the hare that lives among Imperata arundinacea [a grass with reddish leaves] is infallibly rufous; and the colours of hawks agree with those of the trees they settle (Yu-yang-tsah-tsu,' tom. xx.). OSO Y ALCANFORADA. on STRODE'S REGIMENT (10 S. vi. 112). At the above reference is the following statement: William Strode was appointed Colonel of the 62nd, or Royal American, Regiment, on 21 April, 1758." What appears to be rather an earlier card than William White's is that of Edward Eagleton, at the Grasshopper, No. 9, Bishopsgate Street Within, which advertises "Sir Han's Sloane's Milk, [sic] Churchman's Patent." Whether one should infer from this that Churchman had refined the earlier product to the point of eliminating the chocolate altogether, or whether the printer did so, is not known. AMBROSE HEAL. Beaconsfield. THE STUART ROSE (cli. 81).—The white rose, the hereditary cognizance of the royal Dukes of York, was undoubtedly adopted as an emblem by the adherents of Charles Edward Stuart, whose grand-father (James II.) had for many years borne the title of Duke of York. It is unnecessary to take the somewhat fanciful view that the rose was chosen by the Jacobites, because they had to prosecute their aims sub rosa, or in secret. There is, or was until recently, à White Rose Society in England, which favoured the restoration of the elder line of Stuart to the sovereignty of these realms. D. O. HUNTER BLAIR. Fort Augustus Abbey. was THACKERAY AND GREAT CORAM STREET (cli. 81).-Thackeray settled at 13, Great Coram, not long after his marriage-Eyre Crowe says in 1837, but his eldest daughter Anne (Mrs. Ritchie) was certainly born in Albion Street, Hyde Park, in 1838. He stayed there until his home was broken up in 1840. Eyre Crowe's Thackeray's Haunts and Homes ' gives views of the exterior and interior of the Great Coram Street house. This is a mistake. The original 62nd, or Royal American, Regiment, of which Lord Loudoun was Colonel Commandant in 1756, became the 60th in 1757, taking its Royal American" title with it, but the 62nd of which Colonel Strode was Colonel, originally numbered 64, and had no connection at all with the "Royal Americans." J. H. LESLIE. Lieut.-Colonel. MILK CHOCOLATE (cl. 11, 393; cli. 86). -This correspondence originated in MR. HEDGER WALLACE's reference to an allusion to makers of Sir Hans Sloane's milk chocolate instanced in my book on 'London Tradesmen's Cards of the XVIII Century.' He expressed his impression, not an uncommon one, that milk chocolate " was a nineteenth century product originating in Switzerland." This suspected anachronism has been laid low by the various references which MR. J. ARDAGH has given to the Sloane MSS. of recipes for making chocolate in various ways. That these were brought into every-day use is shown by the trade card, to be seen in the Welcome Medical Museum in Wigmore Street, of William White, No. 8, Greek Street, Soho, which proclaims that Sir Hans Sloane's Milk Chocolate was "greatly. recommended by several eminent physicians, especially those of Sir Hans Sloane's acquaintance, for its lightness on the stomach and its great use in all consumptive cases." William White and his sons are found at this address, trading as chocolate-makers in the London Directories of 1793 and 1827. HEATHCOTE, V.C. (cli. 81).-A. S. S. Heathcote was a Lieutenant of the 60th Rifles (now the King's Royal Rifle Corps) when he gained one of the 182 Victoria Crosses awarded during the Indian Mutiny. He was decorated under Rule 13 of the warrant for dauntless pluck throughout the siege; particularly during the six days when so much terrible fighting occurred in the streets of Delhi, Sept. 14-19, 1857." Rule 13 applies to the case of a body of men performing a gallant act, in which election is made of one officer, one non- commissioned officer and two privates. This is a very fair regulation as the chosen recipients are selected by their comrades holding the same rank. J. PAINE. Lieut. Alfred Spencer Heathcote, 60th Rifle Corps, was awarded the V. C. for highly gallant and daring conduct at Delhi through J. B. DR, JOHNSON AND DR. DODD' (cli. 46, 88). -Doubtless it is Sir Chartres Biron's article I have in mind. The Times Literary Supplement (7 Dec., 1922,) article I know well. What is, perhaps, not generally known, is that several autograph letters of Dodd's still survive in this country; also an autograph letter from a Fellow of St. John's, Cambridge, a native of Lichfield, reporting a conversation between Johnson and Anna Seward, also of Lichfield, wherein the sage shows that he was not actuated by any desire to save Dodd from Jack Ketch. But the letter (in the B. M. MS.) takes some finding. My thanks are due to MR. L. F. POWELL for his kindly help. ERIC R. WATSON. AUTRAITS EPIGRAMMATICALLY DELINEATED. (cli. 82).-The full title of this book is Theatrical portraits, epigrammatically delineated; wherein the merit and demerit of most of our stage heroes and heroines are excellently painted by some of the best masters. Inscribed to the performers of both Theatres.' 1774. The dedication of the book is signed "A. Macaroni," and there is no indication of the author. Halkett and Laing's Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature ascribes the book to Taylor," on the authority of a note in N. & Q. at 2 S. xii. 473. A copy of the book is in the British Museum, it being entered in the printed catalogue under the heading "Macaroni." WANTED: THEATRICAL POR ARCHIBALD SPARKE. |