ᎪᎢ Replies. FRENCH CHAPELS IN LONDON (cl. 291, 391; cli. 65). T the Westminster Town Hall, there is, I find, а large scale parish map, in sections of two and three to a Ward, specially prepared for S. Martin's Vestry in 1838, and on that (Bedfordbury Ward) the arm of Peter's Court leading into Hemming's Row is named Peter's Place. So far as this western arm is concerned, the separate name seems rather to confirm MR. WHITEBROOK's assumption as to Peter's Court and Peter's Yard being identical. It is sufficiently close to Castle Street, then a fashionable and well known thoroughfare, to answer to that description. Regarding the French Church, 1 may remind MR. WHITEBROOK of his statement that it "fell by remarkable circumstances into Cudworth's hands in 1746 or 1747" (cl. 292). It would be interesting to know what the circumstances were, in view of the Huguenot occupation until 1760. His later suggestion as to the church being lent is quite feasible, except for the fact that it was Conformist, and presumably as such, regulated by the Church of England discipline. On both Horwood's and the parish map one house only is marked, and it is more than probable that the words " at the meeting in Peter's Yard " signified this house, rather than the French Church, whose description would be better known. Marple is probably Marplé. There is a baptism recorded at Threadneedle Street Church 18 Feb., 1748, of a Pierre, son of Pierre and Marie Marplay, and in 1737 Pierre and Jean Marplett stand as respective godfather to a Marie Anne and Suzanne Carpentier. This and a single mention of Pierre in Spitalfields are all the entries I can trace. It would be interesting to know the family's origin, and its name, which in its variants might include Maple, the a in French being hard, Maples keeping to the orignal spelling and dropping the accents. W. H. MANCHÉE. "WINK (cli. 10). For the substantive this quotation may be of service, from Dryden's translation of Persius, 1693: If some alluring Girl, in gliding by, Shall tip the wink, with a lascivious eye, And thou, with a consenting glance, reply." (The Fourth Satyr, lines 115-117). Or this, from Dryden's Don Sebastian,' 1690, which contains both substantive and verb: Antonio (as a slave; to Johayma, the Mufti's wife) and besides am of so quick an Apprehension, that you need but wink upon me at any Time to make me understand my Duty.-[She winks at him.] Very fine, she has tipt the Wink already.-[Aside.] (Act II., sc. ii.) But it is like carrying coals to Newcastle to offer these to the editor of the New English Dictionary,' because he already has an earlier quotation (from Etheredge, 1676) at command, s.v. Tip " v. 4 3. And in his Shakespeare Glossary' (1911) Mr. Onions has recorded the Shakespearian sense of wink, "to give a significant look," with examples from M. N. D. III. ii. 239; John IV. ii. 211; H5 V. ii. 332; Tit. III. ii. 43. To which might be added: Shrew IV. iv. 75. A writer, J. W.," in The Birmingham Post recently (9 July, 1926) asserted, in an article On Winking: Mystery of its Origin and Development,' that he could trace no mention of it before the days of Henry VIII. He produced no quotation from that period, but gave his opinion, nevertheless, that the husband of Anne Boleyn looked favourably on the art, and might even have had a hand in popularising it. L. R. M. STRACHAN. Birmingham University. ANGLO-SAXOPHONE (cxlix. 80, 338, 373).—In The Daily Mail of July 24, p. 8, col. 5, under the heading of 'Some Holiday Hints,' by An Old Traveller, this word has reappeared. After advising the traveller to see that his trunks are in order well in advance, to lay in a stock of labels, to find out where he has to pass the Customs, and other matters, he proceeds : If you cannot speak a foreign language it is useless to shout. If the person you are addressing cannot understand Anglo-Saxon he certainly will not take in Anglo-Saxophone any better. R. W. B. ONSLOW SQUARE (cli. 62, 88).—The following notes may lead to further historical information. See 'Walks in London,' by Augustus J. C. Hare, vol. ii,, P. 369 (Geo. Allen, 1901). On Returning to the Brompton Road, we find the Fulham Road running Southwards. the right is Onslow Square, which retains a portion of the fine avenue which once extended from the grounds of Cowper House to the Fulham Road, where it terminated opposite Hollis Place. The Consumptive Hospital, at Published by Araujo and Sobrinho, Oporto, 1925. the South-east corner of the square, occupies | Portuguesa.' In Gleanings of Old Garden Literature,' Culpeper's, Ardingly, Sussex. WOLSELEY. I shall be pleased to lend a copy to either of these gentlemen on receipt of his address. S. WOOD. W. SELF WEEKS. A hand with the thumb protruding between the first and second fingers was an amulet in use in Roman times. Then it was frequently joined with the phallus, and examples in bronze for suspension are to be found among Roman remains exhibited in museums. I saw several some years ago in a case in the museum at Colchester, and there are many examples in the secret cabinet in the museum at Naples. Your correspondent is referred to The Evil Eye, by F. T. Elworthy (London. Murray, 1895), where he CHEVALIER FAMILY (cxlix. 29, 68).--will find the subject treated at considerable The family of Chevallier, of Aspall Hall, length (see pp. 149-153, 242, 255-258). near Debenham, Suffolk, is distinct from any Chevalier family, and always uses the two lls. Its founder in England was Clement Chevallier, of the Isle of Jersey, 1698, who was buried at Aspall, 1729. (See Muskett's Suffolk Manorial Families,' vol. ii., p. 267). From this family were descended the persons mentioned by MR. W. H. MANCHÉE and MR. ALEX. G. MOFFATT, viz. John Chevallier Cobbold, of Holywells, J.P. and D.L., M.P. and High Steward for Ipswich (whose mother was Harriet Chevallier of Aspall), Earl Kitchener (whose Crieff. mother was Frances Anne Chevallier, of [Several correspondents thanked for replies. Aspall, and whose Barony of 1898 and Vis--referring to other countries than Spaincountcy of 1902 were both of Aspall"), which have been handed on to the querist.] and the discoverer of the "Chevallier barley. (See also Burke's ' Peerage,' 1923, 'Kitchener of Khartoum,' and Burke's 'Landed Gentry,' 1921, Cobbold of Holywells,' Chevallier of Aspall Hall,' and Chevallier of Great Bealings.' I have a small red coral hand, mounted in gold, and with a ring at the top; its fingers and thumb in positions described. It looks old. In the Republic of Columbia, about fifty years since, I often saw pedlars selling jet fists as charms for babies to wear; but, I think, the thumb was not thrust out. I understood these jet fists were brought from Italy. M. E. A. P. "STEW HOUSES" : "HOT HOUSES (cli. 29, 71).-Hot bathing and especially hot air and vapour baths, says the Encyclopædia Britannica,' were adopted by the Mahommedans; and the Arabs brought them with them into Spain. The Turks at FELIS. a later date carried them high up the A SPANISH CHARM (cli. 10).-I assume Danube, and the Mahommedans spread or, that the charm referred to is the "Fig," it may be more correct to say, revived their described by the 'N.E.D.' as "A oon- use in Persia and in Hindustan. The temptuous gesture which consisting in Crusaders also contributed to the spread of thrusting the thumb between two of the baths in Europe, and hot vapour baths were closed fingers or into the mouth." For especially recommended for leprosy, So stories accounting for its use one is referred prevalent in those days. After the comby the same authority to "Tommasio's Dict. mencement of the thirteenth century there and Littré s.v.' were few large cities in Europe without hot water baths. We have full accounts of their regulations-how the Jews were only allowed to visit them once a week, and how there were seperate baths for lepers. In England they were called "hothouses." A Bonnet Laird and A. R. would probably find an answer to their query in an illustrated. book of 136 pages on this subject by Leite de Vasconcellos entitled 'A Figa. Estudo de Etnografia Comparativa, precedido de algunas palavras a respeito do sobrenatural na medicina popular The next revival of baths in England was as the close of the seventeenth century, under or the were the Eastern name of Hummums In 1858 Dr. Haughton read a paper before Italian name of Bagnios. These "Hot-Air the Royal Dublin Society on avowedly on the principle of the Turkish Baths," which, we read, led to the establishbaths. ment of Turkish Baths as they exist to-day. A. L. Cox. Spennymoor. H. ASKEW. Reference is made to the Duke's Bath or Bagnio as erected near the west end of Long Acre, in that spot of ground called "Salisbury Stables." This was improved in 1686 and reopened as the "King's Bagnio." The Bagnio (Royal Bagnio) in Bagnio Court (altered to Bath Street in 1843), Newgate Street, was built by Turkish merchants, and first opened in December, 1679, for sweating, hot bathing, and cupping; four shillings was the charge to each person, and certain days were reserved for ladies. The Hummums existed in Covent Garden in a house situated in the south-east corner of the market-place. It was destroyed by fire, and two hotels the "Old Hummums " and the "New Hummums were erected on the site. The present modern "Hummums occupies the spot. Hotel now THE STEELYARD (cli. 46).—It would be difficult to find how many persons were employed in the Steelyard, as its existence covered a very long period. As to its extent some idea may be gathered from Pennant, who states that it was placed west of Poultney Inn or Shrewsbury House and east of Dowgate. He traces its origin to 979 A.D. and derives its names from Stael-hoff or Stapel-hoff the general house of trade of the German nation." In Pennant's time it was the great repository of imported iron and the quantity of bars that fill the yards and warehouses of this quarter strike with astonishment the most indifferent beholder." Mr. Ditchfield in London Survivals' states that the storehouses of the Guilda Aula Teutonicorum were established in 1250 in Thames Street and became known as the Steelyard." Their Hall was large with three arched gates towards the street. Later the adjoining house of Richard Lions with a convenient wharf on the river was added well was rented. "This Guildhall must have "" In been a large and comely building. and yet later the large house of John RainJohn Leake's map of the ruins of London (Bell's 'Great Fire') a space for the " Styleyard appears which measures about 150 x 50 feet. Cunningham refers his readers for further information to the Fire of London papers, additional MSS. in the British Museum, vol. xix, art 7. In a map of London circa 1560 the word "styllyarde "indicates its position. WALTER E. GAWTHORPE. 96, High Road, East Finchley. The Steelyard was a place on the Thames, lying between Dowgate west and All Hallows Lane east, and extending north to Upper Thames Street, and it was occupied as a Guild-Hall for many centuries by the merchants of the Hanseatic League. It was varyingly called Le Steelyerde,' Stilehof,' Stealhof,' Stileyerd,' Styleof it being in the reign of Richard II. In yard," Stylliarde," etc., the first mention 1475 the merchants acquired the grant of a place called the "Stileyerd, lately belonging to John Reynwell, in the parish of Alhalowen the More, in Thamystrete in the ward of Dowgate " (Cal. P. R. Edw. IV, 1467-77, p. 509). This place and the sur BRITISH SCANDINAVIAN SOCIETY rounding property continued in the occupation of the Hanseatic League until 1598, (cli. 62).-On or about 1870 there existed when the merchants were commanded to quit at 80-81, Strand, the Scandinavian Club. the Steelyard and leave the Kingdom forth- Whether the Swedish Minister, Baron C. F. with, the Hall being taken possession of to L. Hochshild was its first president is not "be used and employed for the better bestow-known to me, but it is possible, as Baron ing and safe custodie of divers provisions of the navy." Many of the merchants continued to reside in the Steelyard and its immediate vicinity, and when the Hall was destroyed in the Great Fire, the merchants rebuilt many of their houses. The trade of the Steelyard was general in character until the eighteenth century, but in later times it was almost confined to the iron trade. The site was sold in 1853 to the South Eastern Railway Co. and the warehouses demolished about 1865 for the erection of Cannon Street Station. AVERN ΤΑΙ NAMES OF A. L. Cox. MILITARY ORIGIN (cxlix. 100, 158, 195, 228, 268, 338, 374, cl. 106, 393).—The following occur in Nottingham: Col. Burnaby, Col. Hutchinson, Adjutant White, Old General, General Garibaldi, General Gordon, Alma, Rifleman, and Hero of Waterloo. New Basford has the Rifle Volunteer; Retford, the Riflemen's Arms; Newark, General Duke William; Bulwell, the Scots Grey. In Lincolnshire there are:-General Gordon at Stamford; Lord Roberts, Scunthorpe; Lord Raglan, Horncastle; Napoleon, Skirbeck; Sebastopol, Minting; Sedan, North Scarle. At 12 S. iv. 46 mention is made of the Heroes of Jutland at Portsmouth. A. L. Cox. H. was accredited in London during 1866-76. THE EXECUTIONER OF CHARLES I It may be interesting to state that at the entrance to the chancel of the Parish Church of Sheffield lies buried William Walker of Darnall, who for a long time was believed to have been the executioner of Charles I. In the British Museum there is a copy of Vindiciae contra Tyrannos' (translated) attached to which is a manuscript note say ing that the work was translated by William Walker of Darnall, near Sheffield, Yorkshire, the person who cut off King Charles's head. H. ASKEW. Spennymoor. STRONG MEN (cl. 331, 394; cli. 88).—In the Monthly Chronicle of North Country Lore and Legend, May, 1890, is an article entitled Strong Men: the Commons,' which gives an account of a powerful Northumbrian family who resided at Denwick near Alnwick. A member of this family, John Common, a pioneer of the reaping-machine, is dealt with at 13 S. i. 333. The late W. W. Tomlinson 'Comprehensive Guide to Northumberland' mentions, in connection with the village of Welton situated about a dozen miles west of Newcastle on the line of the Roman Wall, that it was the residence of a strong man known as Old Will o' Welton. His initials W. W. and date 1614 are to be seen over the lintel of the back door of Welton Hall. He is said, when old and blind, to have, with the greatest ease, snapped in two an iron plough coulter, observing "Men's banes are nought but girsels (gristles) to what they were in my day.' H. ASKEW. Spennymoor. CHRISTMAS AS PLACE-NAME (cl. 442; cli. 34).-In Buckinghamshire, southeast of Winslow, there is a small wood which the One Inch Ordnance Survey names Christmas Gorse. A. A. H. RADICE. There is a farm in the parish of Bangor Teify, Cardiganshire, known Castell Nadolig, i.e. Christmas Castle or Christmas Fort. Velindie, Carms. as JOHN EVANS. In the very centre of Bristol there is Christmas Steps, formerly called Queene Streete and Christmas Street, originally known as Knifesmith Street. There is a stone tablet at the top of the steps which bears the following inscription: This Streete Was Steppered Done & Finished, September 1669. The Right Worpfi Thomas Stevens Esqr. then Mayor, Humphry Little and Richard Hart, Sherriffes, The Right Worpfi Robert Yeamans, Knt. & Barronet, Mayor Elect, Charles Powell and Edward Horne, Sherriffes Elect of this Citty By and at the cost of Jonathan Blackwell, Esq. Formerly Sherriffe of This Citty and afterwards Alderman of the Citty of London & by Ye said Sir Robert Yeamans, when Mayor and Alderman of this Citty, Named, Queene Street. ROBERT PEARSALL. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BICYCLE (cli, 33). Natural History of bicycles is the title of an article which was written by Pollington for Belgravia, but I cannot date it. The most_complete introduction to the subject which I have yet met with was published in the year 1868, compiled by a working mechanic," entitled 'The Modern Velocipede its history and construction, and its use on land, lake, river, and ocean practically explained and profusely illustrated by engraving of elevations and constructive details.' (60 pages.) (London: George Maddick, 2 and 3, Shoe Lane, Fleet Street. Price, One Shilling.) JAMES ARROW. Balham. was a HUMPHREY HEDGEHOG" (cli. 46). -"Humphrey Hedgehog " pseudonym used by John Richards Green (1758-1818), better known by his assumed name of John Gifford." Green inherited a large property from his grandmother, was educated at Repton, and St. John's College, Oxford, and by the age of 23 had run through his large fortune and fled to France to escape his creditors. In France he took the name of "John Gifford" and for the rest of his career went under this name. About 1788 he returned to England and became known as an active writer upon the Government side. He wrote a C History of France' in 5 volumes, The Reign of Louis XVI.,' and many other works. He used the name "Humphrey Hedgehog in attacking some of Cobbett's pamphlets, and contributed to several Anti-Jacobin periodicals. He wrote a Political Life of Pitt, 1809, and for this he was rewarded by an which appeared in six volumes in appointment as police magistrate. at Bromley, Kent, March 6, 1818. He died ARCHIBALD SPARKE. |