more my lord for gods sake says he I come with the most dreadful news is the queen dead cries out Bolingbroke seizing on a water glass no Duke Hamilton is dead he was murdered an hour ago by Mohun and Macartney they had a quarrel this morning they gave him not so much time as to write a letter he went for a couple of his friends and he is dead and Mohun too the bloody villain who was set on him.

V. Punctuate the following passage:

"So too was his mind admirably fitted for the career he had chosen. It was logical penetrating systematic yet it was also quick and nimble. His views were definite not to say dogmatic and as they were confidently held so too they were confidently expressed. He never struck a doubtful note. He never slurred over a difficulty nor sought when he knew himself ignorant to cover up his ignorance. Imagination was kept well in hand for his constant aim was to get at and deal with the vital facts of every case. If he was not original in the way of thinking out doctrines distinctively his own nor in respect of any exuberance of ideas bubbling up in the course of discussion there was fertility as well as freshness in his application of principles to current questions and in the illustrations by which he enforced his arguments."

VI. Explain the punctuation in the following passage:

As his thinking was exact, so his style was clear-cut and trenchant. Even when he was writing most swiftly, it never sank below a high level of form and finish. Every word had its use and every sentence told. There was no doubt about his meaning, and just as little about the strength of his convictions. He had a gift for terse, vivacious paragraphs commenting on some event of the day or summing up the effect of a speech or a debate. The touch was equally light and firm. But if the manner was brisk, the matter was solid: you admired the keen

ness of the insight and the weight of the judgment just as much as the brightness of the style. Much of the brightness lay in the humour. That is a plant which blossoms so much more profusely on Transatlantic soil that English readers of the Nation had usually a start of surprise when told that this most humorous of American journalists was not an American at all but a European, and indeed a European who never became thoroughly Americanised. It was humour of a pungent and sarcastic quality, usually directed to the detection of tricks or the exposure of shams, but it was eminently mirth-provoking and never malicious. Frequently it was ironical, and the irony sometimes so fine as to be mistaken for seriousness.

VII. Read aloud the following passages, at first slowly, giving each syllable its correct value. Then, keeping the same values, read them aloud rapidly.

1. It goes without saying that the mightiest influence exerted by the United States in the domain of political science has been due to the example of a democracy successfully working on a large scale. It would be a gross exaggeration to say without qualification that the constitutional reforms of the nineteenth century were caused by the developments in America; but, on the other hand, it is clearly evident that the American Republic has been a powerful factor in the growth of constitutional democracy and of constitutional government in general. In Mexico and the South American republics, this influence is seen in institutions framed obviously after the American type. In European countries, the influence is far less powerful, but even there it has been remarkable. Not always, or even often, taking the shape of systematic theory, the democratic spirit and practice of the United States have, nevertheless, made themselves felt in the development of free institutions. What has been said of democratic government might also be said of federal government, for in this field the practical influence of the American system

has been wide-spread. The systems of Germany, Canada, Australia, Mexico, and Brazil are sufficient evidence of this.1

2. "But for one American who comes to look at Essex, twenty go to Godalming and Guildford and Dorking and Lewes and Canterbury. Those Surrey people are not properly English at all. They are strenuous. You have to get on or get out. They drill their gardeners, lecture very fast on agricultural efficiency, and have miniature rifle ranges in every village. It's a county of new notice-boards and barbed-wire fences; there's always a policeman round the corner. They dress for dinner. They dress for everything. If a man gets up in the night to look for a burglar he puts on the correct costume or doesn't go. They've got a special scientific system for urging on their tramps. And they lock up their churches on a week-day. Half their soil is hard chalk or a rationalistic sand, only suitable for bunkers and villa foundations. And they play golf in a large, expensive, thorough way because it's the thing to do. Now here in Essex we're as lax as the eighteenth century. We hunt in any old clothes. Our soil is a rich succulent clay; it becomes semifluid in winter when we go about in waders shooting duck. All our finger-posts have been twisted round by facetious men years ago. And we pool our breeds of hens and pigs. Our roses and oaks are wonderful; that alone shows that this is the real England. If I wanted to play golf which I don't, being a decent Essex man - I should have to motor ten miles into Hertfordshire. And for rheumatics and longevity Surrey can't touch us. I want you to be clear on these points, because they really will affect your impressions of this place. country is a part of the real England England outside London and outside manufactures. It's one with Wessex and Mercia or old Yorkshire or for the matter of that with Meath or Lothian. And it's the essential England still. . . .'

"2

This

1 C. E. Merriam, American Political Theories, New York, Macmillan, 1906, p. 341.

2 H. G. Wells, Mr. Britling Sees It Through, New York, Mac millan, 1916, pp. 29-30.

INDEX

For subtopics under headings printed in SMALL CAPITALS, see the

Cabot, Dr. R. C., 18.

in Capitals, 363.