Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Turkey, 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Salnamé 1303. Official Almanac for the Turkish Empire for 1886-87. 8. Constantinople, 1887.

Risale-Nameh. Turkish Almanac for 1303 Hedjira. 12. Constantinople, 1887. Renseignements statistiques de la direction des finances de la Roumélie Orientale. Philippopolis, 1883.

Statistique de la Principauté de Bulgarie. Résultats généraux du Recensement del a Population du 1/13 Janvier, 1881. Sofia, 1884.

Annuaire Statistique de la Roumélie Orientale (Année 1883). 1885.

Report by Mr. Godfrey Blunt on the finances of Turkey, in 'Reports of H.M.'s Secretaries of Embassy.' Part I. 1884.

Report by Mr. Wyndham on the trade of Turkey, in Report of H.M.'s Secretaries of Embassy.' Part IV. 1884.

Report by Consul Alfred Biliotti on the schools in the Vilayet of Trebizond, in 'Reports of H.M.'s Diplomatic and Consular Agents Abroad.' Part III. Folio. London, 1885.

Correspondence respecting the Affairs of Turkey. 1876. Fol. pp. 577. London, 1877.

Treaty between Great Britain, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Russia, and Turkey, for the settlement of affairs in the East. Signed at Berlin, July 13, 1878. Fol. London, 1878.

Report by Mr. Vice-Consul Jago on the revenues and taxation of Syria, in Reports from H.M.'s Consuls.' Part I. 1877. 8. London, 1877.

Report by Mr. Jago on the history, revenue, and taxation of the Hejaz, in Part II. of Reports of H.M.'s Diplomatic and Consular Agents Abroad.' London, 1886.

Report on the trade of Salonica, in No. 75; Jeddah, in No. 81; Damascus, No. 99; Aleppo, No. 105; Beyrout, No. 114; Jaffa, No. 164; Van and Hekkiari, No. 165; Smyrna, No. 175; Eastern Roumelia, No. 185; Erzeroum, Nos. 192 and 212; Constantinople, No. 197 of Diplomatic and Consular Reports,' 1887.

Report on the Uskup-Vranja railway in No. 26; on the mother-of-pearl fisheries, in No. 28; on native cotton manufactures in Erzeroum, in No. 36 of 'Reports on Subjects of General Interest,' 1887.

Hertslet (Sir E.), Foreign Office List. Published Annually. London, 1886. Trade of Turkey with Great Britain; in Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions, for the year 1886.' Imp. 4. London, 1887.

NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Bath (Marquis of), Observations on Bulgarian Affairs. 8. London, 1880. Boué (Ami), La Turquie d'Europe. 4 vols. 8. Paris, 1840.

Bourke (R.), Turkish Debt. Report_by Rt. Hon. Robert Bourke, M.P., to the English and Dutch Bondholders. London, January 1882.

Campbell (Hon. Dudley), Turks and Greeks. 8. London, 1877.

Clark (Edson L.), The Races of European Turkey: their History, Condition, and Prospects. 8. New York, 1879.

Creasy (Sir Edward Shepherd), History of the Ottoman Turks, from the beginning of their Empire to the present time. New ed. 8. London, 1882. Journal de la Chambre de Commerce de Constantinople. Constantinople. Published weekly.

Davis (E.), Asiatic Turkey. London, 1879.

Dunn (Archibald J.), The Rise and Decay of Islam. 8. London, 1877. Farley (J. Lewis), The Decline of Turkey. 8. London, 1876.

Freeman (Edward A.), The Ottoman Power in Europe: its Nature, its Growth, and its Decline. 8. London, 1877.

Geary (Grattan), Asiatic Turkey. 2 vols. 8. London, 1878.

Goehlert (J. V.), Die Bevölkerung der europäischen Türkey. 8. Wien, 1866. Hafiz Husseyn (Effendi), Hadikat-ul-dschevami. Description of the Mosques, High Schools, and Convents. 2 vols. 8. Constantinople, 1864-66.

Hertslet (Sir E.), Treaties and tariffs between Great Britain and Turkey. Heuschling (P. F. X. T.), L'Empire de Turquie d'après ses derniers traités. 8. Bruxelles, 1859.

Huhn (Major A. von), The Struggle of the Balkans for National Independence under Prince Alexander. London, 1886.

Keane (A. H.) and Temple (Sir R.), Asia. London, 1882.

Kinglake (Alexander William), The Invasion of the Crimea. 8. Edinburgh and London, 1863–75.

Layard (Right Hon. Austen Henry), The Condition of Turkey and her Dependencies. 8. London, 1854.

Michelsen (Edward H.), The Ottoman Empire and its Resources. Tables. 8. London, 1854.

Millingen (Fred.), La Turquie sous le règne d'Abdul Aziz. 8. Paris, 1868. Paoli (Sim.), La Turquie devant l'Europe. 8. Paris, 1868.

Perrin (Dr. T.), L'Islamisme, son institution, son influence et son avenir. 8. Paris, 1878.

Poole (Stanley Lane-), The People of Turkey: Twenty Years' Residence among Bulgarians, Greeks, Albanians, Turks, and Armenians. By a Consul's Daughter. 2 vols. 8. London, 1878.

Reclus (Elisée), Géographie Universelle. Vol. I. Paris, 1876.

Rosen (G.), Geschichte der Türkei neuester Zeit. 2 vols. 8. Leipzig, 1866-67.

Schweiger-Lerchenfeld (Baron Armand von), Unter dem Halbmonde. Ein Bild des Ottomanischen Reichs und seiner Völker. 8. Jena, 1876. Tchihatchef (M.), Lettres sur la Turquie. 8. Bruxelles, 1859. Ubicini (A.), Lettres sur la Turquie. 2 vols. 8. Paris, 1853.

Vincent (Edgar), The Turkish Debt. Report on the Administration of the Ceded Revenues of Turkey. London, October 1882.

Zinkeisen (J. W.), Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs in Europa. 7 vols. 8. Gotha, 1840-63.

Zwiedenek-Südenhirst (Freiherr von). Die administration der Türkischen Staatsschuld. Esterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient.' Oct. 15, 1883. Vienna.

PART THE SECOND.

THE PRINCIPAL STATES OF

I. AMERICA.

II. AFRICA.

III. ASIA.

IV. AUSTRALASIA.

V. OCEANIA.

I. AMERICA.

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

(REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA.)

Constitution and Government.

THE Constitution of the Argentine Republic, a group of states formerly known by the name of 'Provincias Unidas del Rio de la Plata,' bears date May 15, 1853, with modifications in 1860, when Buenos Ayres joined the confederacy. By its provisions, the executive power is left to a president, elected for six years by representatives of the fourteen provinces, equal to double the number of senators and deputies combined; while the legislative authority is vested in a National Congress, consisting of a Senate and a House of Deputies, the former numbering 30, two from the capital and from each province, elected by a special body of electors in the capital, and by the legislatures in the provinces; and the latter 86 members elected by the people. By the constitution there should be one deputy for every 20,000 inhabitants. A deputy must be 25 years of age, and have been a citizen for four years. The deputies are elected for four years, but one half of the House must retire every two years. Senators must be thirty years of age, have been citizens for six years, and have an annual income of 1007. One-third of the Senate is renewed every three years. The two chambers meet annually from May 1 to September 30. The members of both the Senate and the House of Deputies are paid for their services, each receiving 1,000l. per annum. A vice-president, elected in the same manner, and at the same time as the president, fills the office of chairman of the Senate, but has otherwise no political power. The president is commander-in-chief of the troops, and appoints to all civil, military, and judicial offices, and has the right of presentation to bishoprics: he is responsible with the Ministry for the acts of the executive; both president and vice-president must be Roman Catholics, Argentine by birth, and cannot be re-elected.

President of the Republic.-Dr. Miguel Juarez Celman, elected President August 1886, and installed in office October 12, 1886. Vice-President.-Dr. Carlos Pellegrini.