although considerable sums have been spent upon its restoration, it has recently sunk so much that it has been determined to erect a new bridge near the present structure, which will then be removed.

VAUXHALL BRIDGE

Unites Lambeth to Milbank, and is of great convenience to those who pass between it and Hyde Park-corner. It was originally projected by Mr. G. Dodd; but in consequence of some misunderstanding, he was succeeded first by Mr. Rennie and afterwards by Mr. Walker, under whose direction the present elegant edifice was constructed. The first stone, on the Surrey side, was laid in September, 1813, by Prince Charles, the eldest son of the Duke of Brunswick (so soon after killed at Waterloo), and the bridge was completed in 1816, and opened in July. It consists of nine cast-iron arches, of equal span,

resting on rusticated stone piers: the arches are seventyeight feet in span, and twenty-nine feet in height; and the total length is eight hundred and sixty feet. The cost was about £150,000, whis is defrayed by a toll of one penny on each foot passenger, and a graduated scale for horsemen and carriages.

Rotherhithe and Wapping. This extraordinary undertaking, projected and executed by Sir I. K. Brunel, was commenced in 1825, the first stone of the descent for pedestrians, on the south side of the river, near Rotherhithe Church, having been laid by W. Smith, Esq. the chairman of the company, on the 2nd of March, 1825; and after surmounting almost incredible obstacles it was completed, and opened in 1843, and by its means a

communication has been established between Rotherhithe and Wapping.

The Tunnel is considered one of the most astonishing and marvellous constructions of modern times. It consists of two arches built of brick; carriages as well as foot passengers will pass through it: the passages are well lighted with gas, placed in each of the arches. Its dimensions are as follow: length thirteen hundred feet, width thirty-five feet, height twenty-two feet, width of each arch fourteen feet, thickness between the vault of the Tunnel and the Thames above fifteen feet. Cost £446,000. Toll one penny.

THE STEAM BOAT PIERS

Near each of the bridges, and at some of the wharves, on the city side, are spacious piers, for the accommodation of the vast traffic now carried on by the river steamers below bridge. From London Bridge to Chelsea, or any of the intervening piers, passengers are conveyed, for a fare of two-pence. There are also steamers which carry passengers from London Bridge to Westminster Bridge (Surrey side) for one penny; and from Dyer's Hall Wharf, near London Bridge, to the Adelphi Pier, Strand, for one half-penny, These are very convenient and cheap nodes of conveyance, and afford a pleasing relief from the crowd and turmoil of the thronged thoroughfares of The Strand and Cheapside.

THE MONUMENT,

Fish-street Hill. This noble column, of the fluted Dorie order, was erected by Sir Christopher Wren, in commem

moration of the great fire of 1666, which destroyed nearly the whole of the metropolis from the Tower to the Temple Church. On the west side of the pedestal is a bas-relief, by Cibber, emblematical of this fearful event, in which King Charles is seen surrounded by liberty, genius, and science, giving directions for the restoration of the city. The diameter at the base is fifteen feet, and the height of the shaft one hundred and twenty feet; the cone at the top, with its blazing urn of gilt brass, measures forty-two feet; and the height of the pedestal is forty feet. Within the column is a flight of three hundred and forty-five steps of black marble, by which access can be had to the iron balcony, from which a noble prospect of the vast metropolis and the surrounding scenery is obtained. It was commenced in 1671 and completed in 1677, on the spot where formerly stood the parish church of St. Margaret. The inscription on the pedestal, ascribing the conflagration to the treachery and malice of the Papist faction, and which gave rise to the couplet of Pope.

"Where London's column, pointing to the skies,
Like a tall bully lifts his head and lies!"

Having been universally considered to be unjust, has been erased. Open daily. Sundays excepted, from eight o'clock till sunset: admission sixpence; explanatory description sixpence.

THE YORK COLUMN,

St James' Park. A plain Doric column, surmounted with a colossal bronze statue of the Duke of York, by Sir Richard Westmacott. The pedestal and shaft are of fine granite. The plinth, or base of the pedestal, is twenty-two feet square, and the pedestal eighteen feet