carefully executed arrangements for the comfort and success of the entire series of meetings. CHAS. W. GREENE, General Secretary THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE thirtieth annual meeting of the American Physiological Society was held with the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, at the University of Minnesota, December 27 and 28, and at The Mayo Foundation, December 29, 1917. The program of the physiologists was crowded from beginning to end, in fact this is the only criticism to be offered upon the success of the meeting. The time allotted did not allow adequate time for discussion. The scientific papers were of widely distributed interest, but special mention may be made of the series of investigations on the subject of surgical shock, and papers on the physiological, clinical and chemical studies and the identification of the active iodine-containing principle of the thyroid. Dr. Kendall reported the synthetic production of this substance. The attendance of the meeting was good though not large, about twenty per cent. of the total membership. However the attendance was very representative of both the varied scientific interests of the society and of the extremes of territory. Some thirteen were present from the Atlantic coast, four from the Pacific slope. Canadian representatives were present from Toronto to Manitoba. On the whole the meeting was voted one of the most successful ever held by the society. The following new members were elected: Walter C. Alvarez, M.D., instructor in research medicine, University of California Medical School, Hooper Foundation; A. M. Bleile, M.D., professor of physiology, Ohio State University; Montrose T. Burrows, associate professor of physiology, Washington University Medical School; E. B. Forbes, B.S., Ph.D., chief in nutrition, Ohio Experiment Station; Maurice H. Givens, Ph.D., fellow and assistant in physiological chemistry, Yale University; Alfred E. Livingston, associate in physiology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine; Fred T. Rogers, Ph.D., instructor in physiology, University of Chicago; R. W. Scott, A.B., M.D., associate in physiology, Western Reserve University Medical College; James R. Slonaker, B.S., Ph.D., assistant professor of physiology, Leland Stanford Jr. University; Frank W. Weymouth, A.B., Ph.D., assistant professor of physiology, Leland Stanford Jr. University. The officers elected for the ensuing year were Frederic S. Lee, Columbia University, President; Charles W. Greene, University of Missouri, Secretary; Joseph Erlanger, Washington University, Treasurer, and J. J. R. Macleod, Western Reserve University, Councilor for the 1918-1921 term. The program presented is given below: SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM AT MINNEAPOLIS Hunger, appetite and gastric juice secretion in man in prolonged fasting (15 days): A. J. CARLSON, University of Chicago. On so-called "fatigue-toxin': FREDERIC S. LEE and B. ARONOWITCH (by invitation), Columbia University. Some phases of industrial fatigue: FREDERIC S. LEE Strength tests in industry: E. G. MARTIN, Stanford Nutritive factors in some animal tissues: LAFAYETTE B. MENDEL and THOMAS B. OSBORNE, Yale University and Connecticut Experiment Station. Experimental mammalian polyneuritis: CARL VOEGTLIN and G. G. LAKE (by invitation), Hy. gienic Laboratory, Washington, D. C. Further observation on the production of lactic acid following alkaline injections: J. J. R. MACLEOD, Western Reserve University. The isolation and identification of the thyroid hormone: E. C. KENDALL, The Mayo Foundation. Some problems of nutrition of the army, the work of the food division of the Surgeon General's Office: JOHN R. MURLIN, U. S. Sanitary Corps, Washington, D. C. The influence of music on cardiograms and blood pressure: IDA H. HYDE, University of Kansas. A simple method for the resuscitation of the human heart: A. D. HIRSCHFELDER, University of Minnesota. Regulation of venous blood pressure: D. R. HOOKER, Johns Hopkins Medical School. Blood pressure in sharks and the shock problem : E. P. LYON, University of Minnesota. Observations in shock: C. C. GUTHRIE, University of Pittsburgh. Shock and its control. (Paper from France presented by Dr. Lee.) W. B. CANNON. Observations on the volume flow of blood of the submaxillary gland: ROBERT GESELL, Washington University. The role of the central nervous system in shock: F. H. PIKE, Columbia University. Some reactions in the development of shock by diverse methods: J. ERLANGER, ROBT. GESELL, H. S. GASSER and B. L. ELLIOTT (by invitation), Washington University. A method for the determination of blood volume: WALTER J. MEEK and HERBERT S. GASSER, University of Wisconsin. The blood volume changes in shock and the modification of these by Acacia: H. S. GASSER, W. J. MEEK and J. ERLANGER. A study in Acacia in view of its use in perfusion solutions: WALTER J. MEEK and HERBERT S. GASSER. Diet experiments bearing on carbohydrate luxus consumption and wasteful eating: ADDISON GULICK, University of Missouri. The physiological action of the thyroid hormone: The cerebral center of mastication: F. R. MILLER, Relation of lesions of the optic thalamus to nystagmus, body temperature and spinal reflexes in the pigeon: FRED R. ROGERS (by invitation), University of Chicago. Comparison of the rhythm of the respiratory center and trapped wave in Cassiopea: J. F. McCLENDON, University of Minnesota. Some points in the nervous regulation of respiration in the cat: C. C. GAULT (by invitation), University of Minnesota. The effect of alteration of blood pressure on the blood of the rabbit: F. H. ScOTT, University of Minnesota. Adrenalin vasodilator mechanisms in the cat at different ages: FRANK A. HARTMAN, University of Toronto. Vasodilator nerves of the skin: H. RICHARDSON and O. WYATT (by invitation), University of Minnesota. A note on the mechanism of heart muscle contraction: MONTROSE T. BURROWS (by invitation), Washington University. Evidence of toxic action of the ovaries of the gar: CHAS. W. GREENE, ERWIN E. NELSON (by invi tation), and EDGAR D. BASKETT, University of Missouri. Some electrical phenomena of the submaxillary gland: ROBERT GESELL, Washington University. Vagotonic and sympathetic-atonic effects on gastric motility: T. L. PATTERSON (by invitation), Queen's University. A new factor in the control of the pylorus: ARNO B. LUCKHART, University of Chicago. The role of catalase in shock: W. E. BURGE, University of Illinois. Studies on gastric secretion and urine ammonia: A. C. Ivy (by invitation), University of Chicago. The effects of alkalies on gastric secretion: CHAS. E. KING, University of North Dakota. The influence of water on gastric secretion: G. F. SUTHERLAND (by invitation), University of Chi cago. The cause of the chill and febrile reaction following transfusion of citrated blood: CECIL K. DRINKER and HAROLD H. BRITTINGHAM (by invitation), Harvard University. Further evidence of the mechanism of the production of the sounds of Korotkoff: A. M. BLEILE (by invitation), and CLYDE BROOKS, University of Ohio. Duration of the systole and diastole of the human heart: W. P. LOMBARD, University of Michigan. JOINT DEMONSTRATIONS AT MINNEAPOLIS A new diastolic criterion in oscillatory blood pressure registration in the human: BERNARD FANTUS (by invitation), Chicago. The mechanical factors influencing the cerebrospinal fluid: H. C. BECHT, Northwestern University. An automatic and bloodless method of recording the volume flow of blood: ROBERT GESELL. Stimulation under increased intra-cranial pressure: A. S. LOEVENHART and MESSRS. MARTIN and MALONE (by invitation), University of Wisconsin. On a uniformly satisfactory method of collecting urine separately from each ureter in acute experimental work on dogs: ARNO B. LUCKHARDT, University of Chicago. Demonstration of the pre-anacrotic phenomenon and its relation to the arterial compression sounds of Korotkoff: JOSEPH ERLANGER, Washington University. An apparatus for the determination of the tension of the alveolar gases in arterial and venous blood: Roy G. PEARCE and W. W. YORK (by invitation), Western Reserve Medical College. Colorimeter and tubes for Ph of sea water: J. F. Some uses of wire in the laboratory: A. D. A simple method of making stalagmometers: A. D. An experiment for affording training in intravenous and intraspinal injections: A. D. HIRSCHFELDER and E. D. BROWN. Demonstration of a new form of colorimeter: JOSEPH C. BOCK and S. R. BENEDICT, Cornell Medical College. Method of recording reflexes: R. E. MORRIS and C. E. NIXON, University of Minnesota. (By invitation.) A simple pneumograph: E. D. BROWN, University of Minnesota. JOINT PROGRAM AT ROCHESTER 8:00-10:00. Surgical Clinics, St. Mary's Hos pital. 8:00-10:30. Experimental and Clinical Laboratory Demonstrations, Mayo Clinic Building. 10:30-12:30. Joint Scientific Session Federated Societies, Assembly Room, Mayo Clinic Building. Comparative measurements of new-born babies: ROOD TAYLOR (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. Blood-cholesterol in malignancy and the effect of radium on blood-cholesterol: G. M. LUDEN (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. The normoblast crisis; its place, significance and duration in blood regeneration: CECIL K. DRINKER, KATHERINE R. DRINKER and HENRY A. KURTZMAN (by invitation), Harvard Medical School. The role of afferent impulses in the control of respiratory movements: H. C. COMBS (by invitation), and F. H. PIKE, Columbia University. Parallel determinations of amylase and dextroseglycogen of the blood, liver and kidney after feeding: E. EUGENE BROWN (by invitation), and CHAS. W. GREENE, University of Missouri. Note on psychic secretion from the sight and smell of food in man: ARNO B. LUCKHARDT, University of Chicago. Brain changes associated with pernicious anemia: H. W. WOLTMANN (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. Effects of cytolysins on the rabbit in relation to inheritance: M. F. GUYER, University of Wisconsin. Bio-pathological standardization: W. C. MACCARTY (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. A study of the comparative anatomy of the biliary tract and the Sphincter of Oddi with special reference to animals without a gallbladder: F. C. MANN, The Mayo Foundation. Some further notes on the detoxification of potasium chloride in the guinea-pig: SAMUEL AMBERG and P. E. HELMHOLTZ (by invitation), Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago. Physiological function of the thyroid: H. S. PLUMMER (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. Development of certain types of malignant tumors of the thyroid: LOUIS B. WILSON (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. Blood regeneration after simple anemia. Curve of regeneration influenced by dietary factors: C. W. HOOPER and G. H. WHIPPLE (by invitation), Hooper Institute. Blood regeneration after simple anemia. Curve of regeneration influenced by starvation, sugar, amino acids and other factors: G. H. WHIPPLE and C. W. HOOPER (by invitation), The Hooper Institute. Fat embolism: W. W. BISSELL (by invitation), The Mayo Foundation. Lipemia (20 minutes): W. R. BLOOR, Harvard University Medical School. The action of light in injuring the eye: W. E. BURGE, University of Illinois. Changes in reflex thresholds following intestinal manipulation: EUGENE L. PORTER, University of Pennsylvania. Lipase and fat variations in the blood as a result of muscular work: DUDLEY A. ROBNETT (by invitation), and CHAS. W. GREENE, University of Missouri. Simultaneous measurements of the lipase and fat of the blood, liver and kidney during digestion and absorption: GEORGE G. HARVEY (by invitation), and CHAS. W. GREENE. Note in regard to the amount of sugar normally in blood of cats: E. L. SCOTT, Columbia University. On the comparative absorption power for drugs of the bladder and urethra (male): DAVID I. MACHT, Johns Hopkins Medical School. On the relation of the chemical structure of opium alkaloids to their action on smooth muscle structures: DAVID I. MACHT, Johns Hopkins. CHAS. W. GREENE, Secretary SCIENCE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ZOOLOGY TO HUMAN WELFARE1 To indicate the contributions of zoology to human welfare as related to or dependent upon the aquatic resources is the task which has been assigned to me, but because of time limitations the subject must necessarily be covered in a superficial way. The consideration of this phase of the general topic, whose application may for present purposes be restricted to the United States, is based on the assumption that the condition of aquatic resources affects our national prosperity, and that full and accurate knowledge of those resources is a prerequisite to their proper utilization. The theme is fertile and inviting, and there should exist no difficulty in establishing a case for zoological research as a noteworthy contributor to our welfare. My task is lightened by the readiness with which nearly every one will recall important rôles that zoology has played in the modern history of the fishing industry. It is doing no violence to truth or justice to claim that the beginnings of sane and beneficent fishery administration in the United States date from the time when a man, already eminent in science, with many years' experience in zoological work, was chosen by the President of the United States as the proper person "to prosecute investigations on the subject of the diminution of the valuable fishes with a view of ascertaining whether any and what diminution in 1 Read before Section F (Zoology) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at a symposium upon "The Contributions of Zoology to Human Welfare," Pittsburgh, Pa., December 31, 1917. the number of the food-fishes of the coasts and the lakes of the United States has taken place; and, if so, to what causes the same is due; and also whether any and what protective, prohibitory or precautionary measures should be adopted in the premises." Since that year (1871) when Baird began those masterly and far-sighted inquiries, zoology has been the constant forerunner or associate of fishery progress; and the and the conservation of the resources of our lakes, rivers and coastal waters became an established policy and an accomplished fact many years before the term conservation came into general use as applied to any other resources. At the outset of that pioneer movement, it was recognized that the only rational basis for the administration of the fisheries was a complete knowledge of aquatic creatures to be acquired by intimate investigation. The early researches, which have served as models for subsequent work, were expected to yield practical results but were conducted without any sacrifice of the cherished principles of science. In fact, Baird had the courage, which some persons might have regarded as temerity, to insist in his communications to Congress and the general public that in the elucidation of the economic problems which Congress had imposed it would be of doubtful value to study only the major forms which supported fisheries and that "useful conclusions must needs rest upon a broad foundation of investigations purely scientific in character." Baird's reputation and official position and the attitude with which he approached his tasks enabled him to draw to his aid a large body of men trained in the methods of zoological research; and the great success of his early investigations, as of the later work that has been their continuation or outgrowth, was largely, in many instances entirely, dependent on the services of zoolo gists, most of whom were university men. I need only mention the names of Birge, Brooks, Bumpus, Dean, Evermann, Forbes, Gilbert, Goode, Grave, F. H. Herrick, Jordan, Kellogg, Lefevre, Linton, Mead, Parker, Rathbun, Reighard, Ryder and Ward to recall to you zoological work that has made an impress on the public welfare and entitles them, and others whose names will occur to you, to the thanks of a republic which has become more and more grateful as the knowledge of their work has spread. It was the work of Baird and his associates in zoology that chiefly induced Huxley to assert his belief that no nation at that time had comprehended the question of dealing with the fisheries in so thorough, excellent and scientific spirit as the United States. Brief reference may now be made to a few special cases out of the many that might be cited in which zoology has rendered noteworthy service. Passing over the high degree of perfection that has been attained in various branches of governmental and private fish culture, largely as a result of embryological and physiological studies, attention may be invited to the American oyster, which because of its prominence as our principal water product has deservedly received consideration at the hands of some of the leading zoologists. I need only recall the work of Brooks and Ryder who, with others, brought their highly developed scientific minds to bear on the practical problems of the oyster industry and, through their studies of the biology of the oyster and from experimental work in oyster rearing, rendered conspicuous and enduring aid. With the oyster, as with other water creatures, the teachings of zoology have been at complete variance with the confirmed practises and deep-seated prejudices of certain states. The welfare of their |