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affembly and the convention, and the intimate and particular friend of the Duke d'Orleans, fince known by the name of M. Egalité. The wife was the preceptrels of the Orleans family, and is allowed to have infpired the young men with noble ideas. She always inculcated that birth was accidental, hereditary distinction tranfitory, and that the only things which a good man can deem certain, are his knowledge and his virtues. Both her pupils conducted themselves like heroes at the battle of Jamappe, and are now the martyrs of their father's crimes, and their own friendship to Dumourier. Along with Madame Genlis and M. Dumourier, refides

M. Valence,

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who rofe to the rank of Lieut. Gen. His forehead is scared with wounds, one of which, inflicted by an oblique ftroke of an Auftrian huffar's fcymitar, peeled off the fkin in fuch a manner, as to roll it like a bandage over his eye. This occurred when he was charging the enemy, at the head of a detachment of cavalry.He is a brave foldier; and although the actions of Pichegru and Jourdan have obliterated, in fome degree, thofe of Dumourier and Valence, the two latter must be allowed to have formed the troops that have fince acquired the former, most, if not all their glory. It was in the fame manner that Philip prepared for the

victories of Alexander,

Abbè de Calonne.

The Abbé, who enjoyed great influence, while his brother held the high office of comptroller-general of the finances in France, is at prefent the editor of the Courier de Londres, formerly the Courier de l'Europe. He poffeffes a portion of the talents fo confpicuous in his family.

M. de Calonne.

This ci-devant comptroller-general,

who ftill terms himself "miniftre d'état," acquired much celebrity both before and fince the revolution. His talents raised him from a fubordinate fituation, to a place of high truft and confidence under the monarchy. He was a great favourite with the Queen, and is accufed by his enemies of having administered to the diffipation of her majefty, and the king's brothers, particularly the Count d'Artois, who now affumes the title of Monfieur, or first prince of the blood. The deficit, first publicly pointed out by Necker, fprung from frequent hoftilities without, and a contaminating and debafing corruption within, the kingdom.

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Calonne's peace adminiftration; and Necker's war without taxes, nëceffarily led to the affembling of the notables. The notables begat the ftates-general, the states-general begat the national affembly, the national affembly begat the constituting affembly, and that begat the republic.

" Mon

After felling a moft fuperb collection of pictures for the common caufe, M. de Calonne ftill fupports it, and his brother, by means of his writings in the Courier de Londres. frere," fays he, in his laft able pamphlet," eft du nombre des émigrés qui travaillent pour fubfifter. Heft livré à une corvée faftidieufe, afin de n'être charge à perfonne. Loin de rouger d'en etre réduit là, on doit s'en glorifier.”

Among a number of important, (fome, perhaps, may be inclined to think them paradoxial affertions,) he infifts, that France ftill poffeffes nearly three times the quantity of circulating fpecie in Great Britain; that the raises, communibus annis, one-8th corn more than fufficient for the maintenance of her own inhabitants, and that the whole public debt contracted by the emiffion of the affignats, now converted into mandats territori aux, might be cancelled for about

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one third of what the laft campaign coft this country!

M. D'Ivernois

is not only a native, but a citizen, of Genoa, terms not hitherto fynonymous, but which have become the fame fince the last revolution in this little, but interefting republic; which, during its troubles, has been likened, with more wit than liberality, to a puddle in a form! He afferts, that the depreciation of affignats will occañon the ruin of the republic, and the re-introduction of monarchy.

Mirabeau, Miranda, Wilkes.

These three very celebrated men met one day by invitation at the house of a refpectable gentleman in Chefterfeld-ftreet, May-fair. Mr H. after dinner, expected great entertainment from his guefts; but, unfortunately for him, the orator and the general had a violent difpute relative to fome trifling fubject, which rendered the early part of the evening uncomfortable.

To complete the mortification, they both foon after attacked John Wilkes on the barbarity and inhumanity of the English nation, an inftance of which they gave, in the execution of feveral young men for trifling offences, in the course of that very morning! The hoary patriot retorted the charge, and turning towards Mira-, beau, (it was before the revolution,) farcaftically afked him, what he thought of the very humane mode of breaking on the wheel, as practifed at the Greve, when the noblesse were accustomed to befpeak feats at particular windows, as if they had been going to a comedy!!!

M. Demorande

was formerly editor of the Courier de Londres. He came over to this country, and published a book that made great noife, called Le Gazetier Cuiraffe, containing a variety of fcan

dalous anecdotes of the mistresses of that very contemptible and debauched monarch Louis XV.

The French court being determined upon revenge, fent over an exempt, with orders to spare neither trouble nor expence to fecure the libeller, and convey him to the Bastile. On his arrival in England, in the character of a gentleman who had fled from perfecution, he found means to get introduced to M. Demorande, and affecting to compaffionate his fituation, as a perfon expofed to the malice and intrigues of the French ministry, proffered him the loan of a sum of money. This was accepted by M. D. with many expreffions of gratitude; but he completely outwitted his countryman, although one of the most skilful officers belonging to the police of Paris, for he applied to Sir J. Fielding, and fo frightened this fatellite of Madame Du Barrè, that he was happy to efcape re infectu.

Soon after the commencement of the American war, M. D. received a penfion from Lord North of about 300l. a year, in consequence of which he refigned the editorship of the French newfpaper,and retired to Stanmore, in Middlefex, where he took a fmall houfe in the cottage ftyle, and cultivated a beautiful flower garden, which was furnished with a fine collection of foreign roots.

When the French revolution took place, he returned, after a long abfence, to Paris, and published a weekly gazette, called 'Argus Patriote. He entertained a violent diflike to Briffot,whom he hated perfonally and politically, and endeavoured to injure him in the esteem of his countrymen, but without effect. This circumftance perhaps, and this alone, faved his life under the monarchy of Robespierre, He now repairs daily to the palace royale on crutches, and, being a man of eloquence, entertains thofe around him with his opinion of

the

the events of the time, and the great men of the day.

Briffet.

This very celebrated man, while in England, lodged in Bromptonrow, in the fecond or third houfe on the right hand fide, On his publishing a very able differtation on Crimi nal Law, he fent a copy to Mrs Macauley Graham, who invited him to her houfe, had him often at her table, and entertained a great efteem for him. From that refpectable lady, he received a letter of introduction to Gen. Washington, by whom he was well received, and fo fond was he of the Atlantic continent, that, to the day of his unjust execution, he always wifhed that he had been born the fon of an American peafant.While in England, he wrote many articles in the Courier de Londres. M. Briffot retained his ancient fimplicity of manners. He was never intoxicated with power, nor did he ever fuffer his mind to be debafed by avarice. Robefpierre and his affociates, knowing what effect fuch a charge would have upon the people, accused him of wallowing in riches when his wife was arrested, she was employed in mending his linen.

The Duke de Harcourt.

This nobleman, who has found a friendly asylum at Nuneham, under the hofpitable roof of an English peer of the fame name, is defcended from one of the most ancient families in France. Previous to the Revolution, he was Lieut.-Gen. of the province of Normandy, and it is owing to his influence that Cherbourg, which was fituated within his govern ment, became a pòrt of fome confideration. He alfo patronifed the fyftem of cones, by means of which it was intended that the fea fhould be shut out from the inner harbour, and the channel fleet of France ride in fecurity, within a gigantic mass of

ftone, encircled, and fupported by means of immenfe wooden ribs, and maffy iron cramps. The fcheme in part failed, but it was grand; and France at the peace will undoubtedly complete the original out-line.

The Duke was a great favourite at the court of Louis XVI. and poffeffed the confidence of that Monarch. Being a man of great know ledge, and attached to literature, his Majefty, with the Queen's confent (for he never did any thing without confulting her) appointed him governor to the Dauphin. He was lucky enough to efcape with his whole family at the beginning of the troubles, and has remained in England ever fince.

The Duchefs de Polignac. Gabrielle-Yellande-Martine de Palaftron, afterwards fo celebrated as Duchefs de Polignac, and conf dante to the Queen, was one of the most beautiful women in France. Marie Antoinette loaded her own and husband's family with honours, penfions, places, &c. and when in her company, her majefly was accuftomed to exclaim "Je ne fuis plus la reine, je fuis moi !"

This beautiful woman, whofe large blue eyes, expreffive features, ele gant perfon, and refined wit, formed a central point, around which all those who wished to rife at court (and this included the whole body of the nobility, and all the dignified clergy) rallied, as to a common centre, died at Vienna, of a broken heart! What terrible difafter could occafion this catastrophe -It was the retreat of the Pruffians from Champagne; aretreat that faved her native country* from fubjugation and difmemberment.

A mezzotinto print of this unfortunate lady was published in 1792. The likeness is not badly hit off, but it is not flattering. What artifty could delineate the most lovely and charming woman of the age?

The

M. Miranda

was born in Mexico; for his colleague Dumourier commits an error when he terms him a Peruvian! Notwithstanding the jealousy with which the Spaniards were accustomed to treat the native Americans, this gentleman found means to obtain a colonel's commiffion, and was employ. ed by the governor of Guatimala in feveral confidential fituations. He is thought very early in life to have entertained the generous refolution of emancipating his countrymen from thraldom, and to this is attributed his precipitate retreat from New Spain. Since that time, he has been, until of late, literally a WANDERER. In the course of his travels, he has visited every part of Europe, and been more than once in England. Being poffeffed of taste, learning, and a claffical style, he was enabled to collect, and to narrate a variety of anecdotes and observations relative to the manners, policy, laws, learning, and above all, the military eftablishments of every nation.

No fooner had the French Revolution taken place, and a foreign war become inevitable, than he repaired to Paris from St Petersburg, where he was in great favour with the Emprefs, who endeavoured, but in vain, to attach him to her perfon and fervices.

By means of Petion, he obtain ed the rank of Major-General, and very ably and effectually feconded the efforts of Dumourier in Bel gium. Being an excellent engineer, he displayed great military science in the art of attack; in short, he foon

became refpected in the army, and popular in the capital. When the hero of Jemappe penetrated into Holland, he was appointed to the important command of the army destined to attack Maeftricht; the attempt indeed proved abortive, but as this evidently proceeded from negligence of the general at the head of the covering army, his laurels were not blighted by the event.

The conduct of Dumourier, as foon as he began to experience a reverfe of fortune, became suspicious, and his frequent conferences with the Austrian general, which ended at length in his entire defection, rendered all the patriots in the army jealous of him. Miranda inftantly communicated his fears to his friend Petion, at that time a member of the committee of Public Safety, and orders were foon after iffued to arrest the commander in chief. This circumftance faved the life of Miranda, for Dumourier attributed the lofs of the battle of Nerwinden to him, and ftill blames him in his history. To this the other has made a reply, equally able and animated.

No fooner had the party of the Gironde been overwhelmed by the energy of the Mountain, an energy which, although often unjustly directed, must be acknowledged to have faved France, than Miranda was imprifoned. He was liberated at the general goal-delivery on the execution of Robefpierre; he took an active part against the sections of Paris, during the laft infurrection, and he has once more been put under arreft by order of the Directory.

ANECDOTE OF JOHN DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH.

WHAT do you do with thofe of your army who are guilty of marauding?" faid the celebrated Prince Eugene one day to John Duke of Marlborough in Flanders. "I have none to punish," replied the Duke; "they have ever been treated

by me with fuch fummary and fuch fpeedy juftice, that they know they have not the leaft chance of impuni nity: they do not therefore think of committing that crime, fo common amongst armies of lefs rigid difcipline than mine."

ON

ON THE DIFFICULTY OF ASSIGNING THE REAL CHARAC TER TO ANTIQUE FEMALE STATUES.

FROM VARIETIES OF LITERATURE.

EASY as it may be to an Italian cicerone, to provide the foreigner, whom he has taken under his tution, with names for the gods and goddeffes, and to mufter up a whole Olympus in a moment; it is no lefs difficult for a man of real information to give his opinion of them directly, from the fallible characteristics of attributes and adjuncts. He that has feen the bone houfe of antique ruins and remains piled up by a Cavaceppi, and has obferved the careleffnefs with which the maimed ftatues are fupplied with arms, heads, and feet, and how the most indifpenfibly-vifi. ble muscles are often chiffeled away to make them fit, will feel a great want of confidence in this creative talent of the moderns, whereby they raise heroes and gods again to life ac cording to their pleasure. No one of the most celebrated ftatues was found in a ftate of perfect confervation, but was defective either in the legs, the head, an arm, or a hand. It lay entirely with the artift, who first completed it for fale, or with the poffeffor who had it reitored by the artist according to his own directions, what deity fhould be formed out of it, and with what attributes this main idea fhould be fupported.

I fuppofe the cafe, that a ftatue were found unmutilated in all its parts, or that these parts, though difperfed, were yet eafily brought together; it is nevertheless fometimes difficult to pronounce at once, whether the image be that of a god or a hero, or, even if this be unqueftionable, which of the gods or heroes it properly is. For, the reprefentations on antique monuments, as on coins, on cameos and intaglias, or on the bas-reliefs of farcophagufes and urns, which are lefs liable to demolition or Ed. Mag. May 1796.

decay, very frequently occafion the fame perplexity to the mot expert connoiffeurs. We have indeed general characteristics, but the applica tion of them admits always of vari ous exceptions. Thus, it is thought, that a quite naked figure, without all other attributes, is rather a gladi ator than a god; becaufe the anci ents but feldom reprefented their di vinities without giving them a drape ry thrown over their fhoulders. Sitting and recumbent figures are rarely met with. The generality are ftanding. It is therefore believed, that the reclining figures rather be long to Olympus than others, as this pofture is given them for expreffing the fweet repofe of the gods. This is faid likewife to be particularly reprefented by the arm of the Apollo and the Hercules thrown over their heads: Lucian mentions a Mercury in the fame attitude. But the fre quent figures in recumbent poftures on farcophagufes, are manifeftly fome what other than gods, and only des note the perfon at reft within. It was formerly thought, that every fi gure which held a patera in its hand reprefented a priest or a prieftefs; but fince gods or goddeffes have been found with the patera in their hand, this characteristic is become more doubtful.

Confider farther, that it was a very ufual cuftom with the ancients, to have themfelves pourtrayed under the habit and attributes of fome felected god or goddefs, and that, in particu lar, the little bronzes, which are reputed to be penates and lares, afford convincing demonftration of it. So that even with the attributes the moft clearly expreffed, a question ftill will arife, whether the reprefentation be the figure of a deity in general, Tt

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