upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain and great hailstones, fire and brimstone. Isai. xxx. 30. "And the Lord shall cause his glorious voice to be heard, and shall show the lighting down of his arm with the indignation of his anger, and with the flame of devouring fire, with scattering, and tempest, rnd hail-stones." Ver. 33. "For Tophet is ordained of old; for the king it is prepared. He hath made it deep and large. The pile thereof is fire and much wood. The breath of the Lord, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it. Chap. xxix. 6. "Thou shalt be visited of the Lord of hosts with thunder, and with earthquake, and great noise, with storm and tempest, and the flame of devouring fire." The Messiah's enemies are represented as destroyed with everlasting fire; Isai. xxxiii. 11-14. "The people shall be as the burning of lime; as thorns cut up shall they be burnt in the fire.-Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? Who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?" Isai. lxvi. 15, 16. "For behold, the Lord will come with fire, and with his chariots like a whirlwind, to render vengeance with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire. For by fire and by his sword will the Lord plead with all flesh, and the slain of the Lord shall be many:" with ver. 24. "And they shall go forth and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me, for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched." There was something in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah to represent this. The fire that destroyed them was, as it were, everlasting fire, inasmuch as the destruction it brought upon them was everlasting and irreparable desolation, so that they never could be built again, and never any creature, either man or beast, could live there any more; which is often particularly remarked in scripture. Isai. xiii. 19, 20. Jer. xlix. 18, and chap. 1. 39, 40. Isai. i. 9. The place, land, or lake where Sodom and its neighbour cities once were, is a place that ever since abounds with that sulphurous inflammable matter, that is called bitumen and asphaltum, and in our translation of the Bible, pitch, which is a further representation of eternal burnings, and is a remarkable resemblance of what is foretold concerning the destruction of God's enemies in the Messiah's times. Isai. xxxiv. 8-10. "For it is the day of the Lord's vengeance, and the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion; and the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch (or bitumen or asphaltum,) and the dust thereof into brimstone; and the land thereof shall become burning pitch. It shall not be quenched night nor day. The smoke thereof shall go up for ever; from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it for ever and ever." This destruction came on Sodom just as the sun was up, and had enlightened the world by its beams. So it is

manifest, from many prophecies, that great destruction of the enemies of the church so often spoken of, is when God comes and appears gloriously for his people, and when the morning of that glorious day of the church's light, peace, and triumph is come on, and the glory of the Lord shall be risen upon the church, and the Sun of Righteousness with healing in his wings. Then will the day come that will burn as an oven, and the wicked shall be as stubble. Lot's being so wonderfully delivered and saved from the destruction, well represents that great preservation of God's church and people, so often spoken of by the prophets, in that time of God's indignation and day of his wrath and vengeance on his

enemies.

The remarkable similitude there is between very many things in the history of Joseph, and the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah, argue the former to be a type of the latter. Joseph is said to be the son of Jacob's old age. Gen. xxxvii. 3. So the Messiah is every where represented in the prophecies, as coming and setting up his kingdom in the latter days. He was Jacob's beloved son. Gen. xxxvii. 3. So the prophecies do represent the Messiah as the beloved Son of God. They represent him as the Son of God. (See fulfilment of the prophecies of the Messiah § 15.) They also represent him as one that should be in a very peculiar and transcendent manner the beloved of God. (See fulfilment of prophecies, &c. 18.) Joseph was clothed with a beautiful garment. So the prophecies represent the Messiah as clothed with beautiful and glorious garments. Zech. iii. 4, 5. "Take away the filthy garments from him. I will clothe thee with change of raiment― so they set a fair mitre on his head and clothed him with garments." Isai. lxi. 10. "He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation. He hath covered me with a robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels." The sheaves of Joseph's brethren in his vision all bow down to his sheaf.

is prophecied of the Messiah, that God would make him his first born, higher than the kings of the earth. Psa. lxxxix. 27. Kings are said all of them to be the sons of the Most High; but this king is represented as made the highest by God, and all the rest as being made to bow down unto him. Psa. lxxii. 11. "Yea, all things shall fall down before him." Isai. xlix. 7. "Kings shall see and arise; princes also shall worship; because of the Lord that is faithful and the holy one of Israel, and he shall choose thee." See also ver. 23, and Psa. xlv. "He hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows." And many other places import the same thing. The saints are often in the prophecies called the children of God. And they are represented as the Messiah's brethren. Psa. xxii. 22. "I will declare thy name unto

my brethren; in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee." But the Messiah is every where represented as their Lord and King, whom they honour, and submit to and obey. Yea, it is promised that every knee should bow to him. Isai. xlv. 23. The sun, moon, and stars, are represented as making obeisance to Joseph. So in the prophecies the Messiah is represented as God, whom the Old Testament often speaks of as ruling sun, moon, and stars. And the heavens are represented as declaring the Messiah's righteousness. (Psa. xcvii. 6, and 1.6.) And the heavens and earth, and sea, and the whole universe is represented as rejoicing and worshipping and praising the Messiah on occasion of his coming and kingdom. Psa. xcvi. 11-13. lxix. 34. Isai. xliv. 23. and xlix. 13. And the sun is represented as being ashamed, and the moon confounded, and the stars withdrawing their shining, (as it were vailing their faces as the worshipping angels do) before the Messiah, at his coming to reign in the world. Isai. xxiv. 23. Joel iii. 15. And the stars as falling from heaven; Isai. xxxiv. 4. Joseph's father and mother are represented as bowing down to him to the earth. This was never fulfilled properly with respect to Joseph. His father, when he met him in Egypt, did not, that we have any account, thus bow down to him; and his mother was dead long before; both Rachel and Leah were dead before Jacob went down into Egypt. But the Messiah's ancestors are represented as worshipping him. The Messiah is represented as the son of David; but David calls him Lord. Psa. cx. 1. Joseph was hated by his brethren, which is agreeable to what the prophecies represent of the Messiah. Psa. Ixix. 8. "I am become a stranger to my brethren, and an alien unto my mother's children." Joseph was hated by the sons of the same father, Jacob. So the prophecies do represent the Messiah as a son of Jacob, one of the seed of Israel, but as hated by the generality of his seed, the Jews. Joseph's brethren sold him for a few pieces of silver; so the prophecies do represent the Jews as selling the Messiah for a few pieces of silver. Zech. xi. 12, 13. Joseph's brethren went about to murder him; so the prophecies represent the Messiah as being murdered by the Jews. Joseph was the saviour of his brethren and the church of God. He saved their lives. So the Messiah is abundantly represented in the prophecies as the saviour of his brethren; the saviour of the saints, the church of God, and of the nation of the Jews; and as one that saves them from death. Joseph was the saviour of the world, not only of the seed of Israel, but the Gentile nations, yea, of all nations. For the famine was sore in all lands, even over all the face of the earth, and all countries came into Egypt to Joseph to buy corn. Gen. xli. 56, 57. And his name Zaphnath-paaneah, in the Egyptian language, signifies the Saviour of the world. This

is exactly agreeable to the Old Testament representation of the Messiah. Joseph was first in a state of great humiliation, and afterwards in a state of exaltation. In his state of humiliation he was a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief. His disgrace and sufferings were very great. He suffered all unjustly from the hands of men, being innocent, and wrongfully condemned. suffered as being guilty of horrid crimes. And had his place and lot among great criminals; and suffered all with admirable meekness, which is exactly agreeable to the prophecies of the Messiah. Joseph was a servant to one of the chief rulers of Egypt, Potiphar, the captain of the guard. So the Messiah is called the servant of rulers. Isai. xlix. 7. Joseph was one of the king's prisoners, under the hand of the king's chief officer of justice, the captain of the guard, and as it were, high sheriff of Egypt. So the Messiah is represented as suffering from the hands of God, who bruized him and put him to grief, and as executing justice upon him for man's sins, making his soul an offering for sin. Joseph's being cast into the dungeon is a fit representation of what the prophecies do represent of the Messiah's extreme affliction and grief, and his being brought to the grave, (often called the pit in the Old Testament,) and remaining some time in the state of death. Joseph was a prophet. He had divine visions himself, and had knowledge in the visions of God, and could interpret the visions of others. This is agreeable to Old Testament representations of the Messiah. He was a revealer of secrets, as his name Zaphnath-paaneah signifies in the Hebrew tongue, and revealed those secrets that none other could reveal, and after the wisdom of all the wise men of Egypt had been tried and proved insufficient. Gen. xli. 8, 9, &c. This is agreeable to what is represented of the Messiah in Isai. xli. two last verses, and xlii. 1. "For I beheld, and there was no man even amongst them, and there was no counsellor, that when I asked of them, could answer a word. Behold, they are all vanity. Behold my servant whom I uphold, mine elect in whom my soul delighteth. I have put my spirit upon him; he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles." Joseph is spoken of as distinguished from all in that he was one in whom the Spirit of God was. How agreeable is this to the frequent representations in the Old Testament of the Messiah, as one that God puts his Spirit upon! Joseph is spoken of as one to whom none was to be compared for wisdom, and prudence, and counsel through the Spirit of God. Gen. xli. 38, 39. This is agreeable to what is foretold of the Messiah, Isai. ix. 6. "His name shall be called wonderful, counsellor." Chap. xi. 2, 3. "The Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him; the spirit of wisdom and understanding; the spirit of counsel and might; the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord, and shall make

him of quick understanding in the fear of the Lord." Zech. iii. 9. " Upon one stone shall be seven eyes." Isai. lii. 13. "Behold my servant shall deal prudently." See also that foremen

Joseph was ex

tioned, Isai. xli. and two last verses, and xlii. 1. alted for this his great wisdom; which is agreeable to what is said of the Messiah, Isai. lii. 13. "Behold, my servant shall deal prudently; he shall be exalted, and extolled, and be very high." So agreeably to this, Joseph's exaltation was very great. He was exalted by the king of the country, who we may well suppose in this case represents God, seeing it is evident by the Old Testament, that kings in their kingly authority are the images of God. (Ps. lxxxii. 1, 6.) Pharaoh exalts Joseph over all his house and people. So the prophecies do often represent God as exalting the Messiah over his people and his house, or temple, and over heaven. The king exalted Joseph to be next to himself in his kingdom, to ride in the second chariot which he had. So the prophecies represent the Messiah as the second in God's kingdom, next to God the Father, and exalted by him to this dignity. Ps. cx. 1. "Sit thou on my right hand." Ps. lxxxix. "I will make him my first born higher than the kings of the earth." Joseph was exalted over all the nobles and rulers of the land of Egypt, excepting Pharaoh himself. Ps. cv. 21, 22. Agreeable to this it is often represented in the prophecies, that all kings shall be made to bow and submit to the Messiah. And it is also implied that the angels of heaven, as well as all nations of the earth, should be subjected to him by God. Dan. vii. 9, &c. "I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the ancient of days did sit. Thousand thousands ministered unto him-I saw one in the night visions, and beheld one like unto the Son of man come forth in the clouds of heaven, and come to the ancient of days; and they brought him near before him, and there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all nations and languages should serve him." Dan. xii. 1. Michael the great prince -together with chap. x. 13. " Michael, the first of the chief princes," with the context, that speaks of angels as princes. Pharaoh invested Joseph with his own authority and honour as his representative and vicegerent. For he took off his own ring from his hand, and put it on Joseph's hand. So the prophecies do represent God as investing the Messiah with his authority and honour, seating him on his own throne, and causing him to bear the glory. Zech. vi. 12, 13. And there are many other prophecies that imply the same. Pharaoh arrayed Joseph with change of raiment, pure garments, and ensigns of royalty, agreeably to what is foretold of the Messiah. Zech. iii., and Isaiah Ixi. 10. Pharaoh arrayed Joseph in fine linen. Gen.