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British and Foreign Schools

EDUCATION.-In the year 1854 the total amount of grants for Public Education in Great Britain was 326,4371. 7s. 6d.; the grants were apportioned thus:

Church of England Schools

478

£.

s. d.

209,871 3

31,681 4

Wesleyan Schools

14,049 8 10

Roman Catholic Schools (Great Britain)

10,907 12 9

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The result of the Inspection for the year ending August 31, 1854, gave 3,825 schools held in separate buildings, affording accommodation for 558,073 children. The average attendance of children was 461,445, but 473,214 attended the examination. The number of certificated teachers was 2,476, and of pupil-teachers 7,000. This is from actual inspection, but the total number of schools subject to inspection is 4,788; of these 4,031 are Church of England, 474 British, 148 Wesleyan, 128 Roman Catholic, and 7 others. They afford accommodation for 794,848 children, and the average attendance amounts to 506,009.

NATIONAL SCHOOLS, IRELAND.-To show the steady increase of these schools in Ireland, and of the number of children attending, we select from the Twenty-first Report of the Commissioners the following returns at intervals of five years, except the last :

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NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND.-In the first volume of the Twenty-first Report of the National Education Commissioners in Ireland for the year 1854, it is stated that at the close of the year there were 5,178 schools in operation, attended by 556,531 pupils, showing an increase in the number of schools of 174, and in the number of pupils of 73. The number of schools struck off during the year was 57. There has been a steady increase in the attendance at the National Schools every year, except in 1847 and 1849, and the total number gives an average of 107.48 to each school. The average diurnal attendance of pupils for the half-year ending the 30th of September, 1854, was 267,099. The number of schools in operation on the last day of the year 1854, was as follows:-In Ulster, 1,938 schools-number of pupils on the rolls, 155,815; in Munster, 1,261 schools--number of pupils, 174,183; in Leinster, 1,246 schools-number of pupils, 145,327; and in Connaught, 733 schools-number of pupils, 75,785. Of 229 schools added to the list in 1854, 205 are under the management of 169 individuals; the patrons include 20 Churchmen, 21 Presbyterians, 1 Dissenter, and 127 Papists. The total number of vested schools at the close of the year amounted to 1,100; and the number of non-vested, to 3,604. The number vested in trustees on the 31st of December was 989. The number of applications for grants to new schools in 1854 was 361, of which 132 were rejected for various reasons. The total number of teachers trained during the year amounted to 326, and the number of national teachers to 286; of whom 195 were males, and 91 females. Of these 286, 17 were Churchmen, 40 Presbyterians, 1 Dissenter, and 228 Papists. The total number of male and female teachers trained from the commencement of the proceedings of the commissioners up to the 31st December, 1854, amounted to 3,987. The number of principal and assistant teachers in the service of the Board on the 31st of December was 5,128. There was a considerable augmentation in the number of workhouse agricultural schools during the year 1854. The total receipts of the commissioners for the year 1854 amounted to 221,591., and the total disbursements to 195,7077.; leaving a balance of 12,9421.

PUBLIC EXHIBITIONS.-In the year 1853 the number of persons admitted to the following places was as follows:—

British Museum-General Collection

Visitors.

Sums received.

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£. S. d.

661,113

67,794

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kept, no charge except for the side chapels.

No account kept, nave and choir free.

The number of persons admitted to the general collection of the

British Museum in 1854 was 459,262; to the reading room, 56,132; of artists and students, 3,652; to the print room, 3,401; to the coin and medal room, 1,310. The number of volumes consulted in the reading room was 394,360; or about 7 volumes per day for each of 194 readers. The total expenditure for the year was 59,0471., of which 15,8611. was spent on new acquisitions, exclusive of 2,4511. for excavations and other expenses in Assyria, under Colonel Rawlinson.

To Hampton Court the number of visitors in 1854 was 203,990, of whom 52,412 visited on Sundays.

To Kew Gardens the number of visitors in 1854 was 339,164, of whom 162,822 went on Sunday.

METROPOLITAN PARKS.-The acreage of the various Parks is as follows, omitting fractions:-Kensington Gardens, 261 acres; Hyde Park, 388 acres; St. James's Park, 91 acres; Green park, 60 acres; Victoria Park, 265 acres; Regent's Park, 340 acres, including roads open to the public, exclusive of 132 acres demised by the Crown for the purposes of revenue.

SAVINGS' BANKS.-The amount of capital and the amounts received and paid in the United Kingdom were, in

£.

Received

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6,363,690

6,760,328

28,930,982

6,782,059

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RAILWAYS.-The length of railway in England and Wales open on Dec. 31, 1854, was 6,112 miles; in Scotland, 1,043 miles; in Ireland, 897 miles. The number of passengers conveyed in the half-year ending Dec. 31, 1854, was, in England and Wales, 50,358,180; in Scotland, 6,693,156; in Ireland, 3,787,966. In England and Wales one-third of the passengers were third class and parliamentary in Scotland nearly two-thirds, and in Ireland rather less than a half: in England and Scotland the number of passengers show a considerable increase over the previous corresponding half-year, but in Ireland there was a decrease. The total receipts in the United Kingdom from all sources of traffic in the half-year was 10,791,1217., of which 5,082,2867. was from passengers. The agregate number of miles travelled by passengers in the half-year was 882,111,575, though the returns are not quite complete, giving an average of 14 miles for each passenger. The number of miles travelled by trains was 37,126,256.

ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS.-In the half-years from July 1 to Dec. 31, 1854, and from Jan. 1 to June 30, 1855, the number of persons killed or injured by accidents on railways was:

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RAILWAYS.-The number of railway bills brought before Parliament in 1855 were 104; of these 71 were for new works, 34 by new companies and 37 by existing companies. The length of line proposed by the bills was 655 miles, of which 384 were in England, 165 in Scotland, and 106 in Ireland. The other 33 bills were for extension of time, amalgamation, &c.

RAILWAY EXPENDITURE.-The total legal and parliamentary expenses, together with the engineering, of 160 Railway Companies, in obtaining Acts of Parliament, has been 14,086,110l.; 45 Companies made no return. Of this sum, 12,548,715l, was for new lines or branches; 852,2021. for authorising purchases of, or amalgamations with, other railways; and 685,1931. for costs and charges arising from actions or suits at law or in equity. The return divides, where it can be done, the legal, the parliamentary, and the engineering expenses; but in numerous instances the legal and parliamentary expenses are incapable of being shown separately. A few instances of the charges are given as specimens. The Caledonian Company has obtained 15 Acts; the legal expenses have been 81,5107.; the parliamentary, 150,0291.; the engineering, 32,2157. The East Anglican has had 10 Acts; the legal expenses have been 15,9041.; the parliamentary, 88,1317.; the engineering, 25,4811. The Eastern Counties have had 15 Acts; the legal expenses have been 109,3471.; the parliamentary, 333,003.; the engineering, 221,2071. The Great Western expenses cannot be divided, but 26 Acts have cost them a total of 611,2917. The London and North-western have had 183 Acts, at a cost of 627,8931., of which only 19,501/. is returned for engineering. The London and Brighton have had 12 Acts, for which the legal and parliamentary expenses have been 177,6491., and the engineering, 101,3957.; but the total expense is returned as 454,8251., including the expenses of other Companies who applied for lines to Brighton, and which were afterwards amalgamated. The Lancashire and Yorkshire have had 35 Acts, for which the legal expenses are returned as 18,9471.; the parliamentary, 514,5057.; and the engineering, 187,9997. The Midland have had 43 Acts, for which the legal and parliamentary expenses were 600,990/., and the engineering, 290,3731.

CARRIAGES. In the year 1854 the number of Private Carriages in England, with four wheels and one or more horses, was 58,118; in Scotland, 4,010; of Private Carriages with two wheels, in England, there were 20,678, in Scotland 843; of Carriages for Hire, other than omnibuses and cabs, there were in England 14,141, in Scotland 1,205. Of Omnibuses and Stage Carriages, in England, 2,976, in Scotland 315. Of Cabs, in England, 3,720. Of Private Waggons, Carts, Drays, and Vans, as nearly as could be ascertained, in England, 111,912, in Scotland 25,090.

TURNPIKE Trusts.-In 1852 the total receipts of the various Turnpike Trusts in England and North Wales amounted to 1,142,5927., a slight increase on the previous year, and the first instance for several years of a rise, but its source is "money borrowed," as the tolls have continued to decrease. The expenditure of the year also increased, the amount being 1,126,3847.; but it is satisfactory to see that the bonded debt is being rapidly reduced. In 1852 131,070., was paid off, and the debt, which was 7,011,9897. in 1837, had been, in 1852, reduced to 5,813,7287., but the unpaid interest amounted to 1,126,5071.

INCLOSURE COMMISSION.-The Tenth Annual Report of the Commissioners, for 1854, states, that since the last report there have been 51 applications for inclosures, comprising 22,332 acres of land. About 20 of the applications appear to have been decided on. Altogether 262 cases were brought before the Commissioners, the great majority (191) of them being for exchanges of land.

The Special Report of the Commissioners, dated July 1855, states, that since the last report they have sanctioned 26 distinct inclosures, containing 10,202 acres, of which 35 acres have been allotted for exercise and recreation, and 31 acres 2 roods for the use of the labouring poor.

EMIGRANTS.-In the year 1854 the total number of emigrants from the United Kingdom was 323,112; of these 43,621 were to the North American colonies, 192,993 to the United States, 83,162 to the Australian colonies and New Zealand, and 3,336 to other places.

EMIGRATION.—The emigration to Canada in 1854 amounted to 53,183 persons landed in the colony; 53,633 having embarked; and there were 83 births on the passage, while 487 died on the passage, and 46 in quarantine. Of the total number landed 19,466 were male adults, 16,692 female adults, 7,162 male children between 1 and 14, and 6,602 female children of like age, and 2,443 infants. Of the gross numbers 18,175 were from England, 16,168 from Ireland, 6,446 from Scotland, 5,688 from Germany and Belgium, 5,849 from Sweden and Norway, and 857 from the lower ports on the St. Lawrence. From Ireland the proportion of females considerably exceeded that of males, there being 6,793 adult females to 4,576 adult males. Of the Foreigners landed in Canada 14,000 proceeded direct to the United States, as did 8,000 of those of British origin, leaving 31,183 settlers in Canada, of whom about 27,000 settled in Western Canada, and 4,000 in Eastern Canada. The number of emigrants in the year exceeded that of 1853 by 16,484.

To New Brunswick the emigration in 1854 amounted to 3,618 persons; 1,500 male adults, 998 female adults, 577 males and 534 females under 14. Not more than 10 per cent. have left the province, it is said, and there is no distinction of countries given in the return.

The quarterly returns from Liverpool for 1855 exhibit a considerable falling off as compared with the departures in the corresponding quarters

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