BRITISILLA

THE SOCIETY "NOWLEDGE,

THE DIFFUSYON OF USEFUL

FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD

BEING BISSEXTILE, OR LEAP YEAR.

LONDON:
KNIGHT AND CO., 90, FLEET STREET.

EXPLANATORY NOTICES.

Explanation of the column headed “ Thermometrical Register." The Thermometrical Register commences with Nov. 1854, and closes with Oct, 1855, inclusive. These registers have been carefully copied from those made at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and which are also deposited with the Royal Society. They show the highest and lowest ranges within each twenty-four hours, from twelve different readings. Each month is placed with its corresponding month, as affording the most ready and advantageous means of comparison, although by this arrangement the register of the last two months of 1854 follows the ten months of 1855, which are all we can give up to the day of publication. Erplanation of the columns headed “ Length of day," “ Day's increase or decrease,”

Day breaks,” and “ Twilight ends." The column headed “Length of day” contains the number of hours and minutes between sunrise and sunset. The column headed “Day's increase expresses the number of hours and minutes which the day has increased since the shortest day; and, where the column is headed “Day's decrease,” it expresses the number of hours and minutes which the day has decreased since the longest day; for example, the length of the longest day in 1856 is put down in the column “Length of day" at 16h. 34m, ; and on the 6th of July following we find that the length of the day, or the number of hours and minutes between sunrise and sunset, is set down at 16h. 23m.; hence the day has decreased 10m. since the longest day, and, accordingly, in the column “Day's decrease,” we find opposite July the 6th Oh. 11m.

Equation of Time. In this Almanac the calculations are all made for mean time (given by the clock), instead of apparent time (given the sun-dial), which latter had been used up to the year 1833. It must be obvious that, for all practical purposes, mean time is the most useful; and to obtain it from apparent time, the columns in the Almanac headed * Equation of Time” should be used. The column “ Equation of Time” ought, for exanıple, to be consulted when persons are desirous of setting their clock by a sun-dial. When clock after sun is written above the number of minutes and seconds opposite to the day, then the clock ought to be set so much slower than the sun-dial, and the contrary,

Moonlight. Tue Moon's age is set down in days and the nearest tenths of days from the time of change. Thus it is New Moon on the 7th of January at 11h. 17m. afternoon, and there. fore at noon on the 8th she is 12h. 43m, old, which is set down as five-tenths. The fraction of the day of course continues the same throughout the lunation.

LIST OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF ERAS WITH THE YEAR 1856. [In those Eras which begin with the Christian year, the year alone is stated; in those

which begin at a different season, the month in which the 1st of January, 1856, occurs is also given.]

Correspondence Abbre.

with 1856. viations. Roman Year

2009 A.U.C. Year of the World (Constantinopolitan account)

7364 A.M. Const. Ditto (Alexandrian account)

7348 A.M. Alex. Ditto (Jewish account)..

23rd Thebet 5616 A.M. Era of Nabonassar

8th Pharmuti 2604 Ær. Nab. Egyptian

25th Cohiac 2602

A. Eg. Julian Period

6569 Jul. Per. Dioclesian, or of Martyrs

25th Cohiac 1572 Ær. Diocl. Seleucides, or Grecian

Audynæus 2167 Ær. Seleuc. Death of Alexander

3d month of 2179 A. Mor. Alex. Era of Tyre ..

......... Audynæus 1980 Ær. Tyr. Cæsarian of Antioch (Greek)

Audynæus 1904 Cæs. Ant.
Ditto (Syrian)

Canun II.

1903 Era of Abraham

4th month of 3871 Ær. Abr. Spanish, or of the Cæsars

1894 A. Cæs. Persian 'Era of Yezdegird III. (Parsee account)

Correspondence Abbre.

with 1856. viations, Bengalee

Poos or Margaly 1262 Beng. Sen. Fuslee (Bengal account)

Ditto

1263 Fusl. Ditto (Telinga account)

Ditto

1265 Era of Collam

4th month of 1031 Collam. Grahaparivrithi 80th year of 21st cycle

Grah. Brihuspotee

1st year of 85th cycle

Cycl. Brih. Ditto

50th year of 83rd cycle Chinese Year

11th month of Yih-maou. AUXILIARY TABLE FOR FINDING THE TIME OF SUN.

RISING AND SETTING. The time of Sunrise and Sunset in the 'British Almanac' is adapted to the parallel of

latitude in which London is situated_viz. 510 30'. The following table has been constructed to show the variations of time through the United Kingdom-namely, between the latitude of 580 and 500 10' N. The times of sun-rising and sun-setting are computed for the instant that the sun's centre is even with the horizon of the sea. The number of minutes found in this table under the month-day, and in the required latitude, are to be applied to the time of sun-rising and setting found on that day in the Almanac; the result will be the time of his rising and setting at the place required. Ex. At what time will the sun rise and set on May 21 at Edinburgh? The time of sunrise and sunset on that day in the Almanac is 4h. 2m. A.m., and 7h. 52m. P. M. In the tables in parallel of 560, in which Edinburgh is found, and under May 21, are 23 minutes; which, subtracted from 4h. 2m., leaves 3h. 39m. for time of sunrise; and, added to 7h. 52m., gives 8h. 15m, for time of sun-setting.

The places which follow the different parallels are situate within 15 miles of latitude either north or south of it. Lat.

GREAT BRITAIN. 580 Oʻ-Dornoch, Tain, Dunrobin, Portenleik, Dunclaim. 570 30'—Peterhead, Fraserburg, Banff, Elgin, Cromarty, Inverness, Applecross. 570 0'- Aberdeen, Bervie, Braemar, Laggan, Cornock. 560 30'_ Forfar, Dundee, Perth, Comrie, Ardchattan. 5600'_Berwick, Haddington, Edinburgh, Linlithgow, Kinross, Stirling, Dumbarton,

Glasgow. 550 30'_Embleton, Jedburgh, Selkirk, Sanquhar, Lanark, Irvine, Ayr. 550 0'- Newcastle, Morpeth, Carlisle, Annan, Dumfries, New Galloway, Wigtown. 540 30'--Scarborough, Whitby, Hartlepool, Stockton, Richmond, Appleby, Cocker.

mouth, Whitehaven, North part of Isle of Man. 540 0'_New Malton, York, Aldborough, Clitheroe, Lancaster, Preston. 530 30'—Grimsby, Kingston-upon-Hull, Pontefract, Manchester, Wigan, Liverpool,

Beaumaris, Holyhead. 53° 0'-Lynn Regis, Boston, Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Stafford, Flint, Chester,

Denbigh, Caernarvon, Harlech. 520 30'— Yarmouth, Norwich, Thetford, Ely, Peterborough, Leicester, Coventry, Lich.

field, Shrewsbury, Ludlow, Montgomery, Aberystwith. 520 0'-Ipswich, Colchester, Cambridge, Hertford, Bedford, Buckingham, Oxford,

Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford, Monmouth, Brecon, Caermarthen, Car

digan, St. David's. 510 30'-- LONDON, 'Ramsgate, Canterbury, Rochester, Chelmsford, Windsor, Walling.

ford, Marlborough, Malmesbury, Bath, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff, Llandalf,

Pembroke. 510 0'-Dover, Winchelsea, Brighton, Guildford, Chichester, Winchester, Portsmouth,

Southampton, Salisbury, Shaftesbury, Wells, Ilchester, Taunton, Bridge.

water, Minehead, Barnstaple. 500 30'—Newport (I. W.), Poole, Weymouth, Exeter, Ashburton, Totnes, Plymouth,

Tavistock, Launceston, Bodmin, Camelford, Padstow. 500 10'_Truro, Falmouth, Helstone, Penzance.

IRELAND. 550 0ʻ_Carrickfergus, Antrim, Coleraine, Londonderry, Lifford, St. Johnstown. 540 30'—Belfast, Killyleagh, Downpatrick, Armagh, Charlemont, Dungaunon, Augher,

Donegal, Ballyshannon, Enniskillen, Sligo. 54° 0' _Carlingford, Newry, Dundalk, Drogheda, Kells, Cavan, Belturbet, Carrick,

Boyle, Castlebar, Killala. 530 30'—Dublin, Swords, Naas, Athboy, Mullingar, Philipstown, Kilbeggan, Athione,

Roscommon, Lanesboro', Tulsk, Tuam, Ballinrobe. 530 0'— Wicklow, Blessington, Baltinglass, Carlow, Athy, Kildare, Portarlington,

Maryborough, Ballynakill, Banagher, Galway, Ennis. 520 30'_Newborough, Enniscorthy, Wexford, Kilkenny, Cullen, Clonmell, Cashel,

Killmallock, Limerick, Askeyton. 520 O'Waterford, Dungarvon, Youghal, Tallagh, Lismore, Rathcormack, Cork,

Marlow, Killarney, Tralee, Ardfast, Dingle. 51° 30'-Kinsale, Bandor, Clonekelty, Baltimore.

B 2

m mm m m m 22 27 33 38 40 42

24 19 15

6 11 16

11 6 0

h. m.

HIGH WATER. The following List, showing the difference of Time, nearly, between London and the Out.

ports of the United Kingdom, as well as a few foreign Ports, is derived from Local Tide Tables, and the best books on Navigation.

h. m. Aberdeen sub. 0 55 Helleroet Sluys

add 0 7 Alderney Picr add 4 39 Holyhead Harbour

sub. 3 42 Antwerp.. 3 36 Horn Point

2 16 Ardrishaig sub. 2 7 Hull

add 4 22 Ayr Harbour. 2 41 Hythe

sub. 3 21 Bantry Bay

add 1 40
Ilfracombe.

add 3 39 Barnstaple Bar 3 45 Jersey (St. Aubyn)

4 4 Beachy Head.. sub. 1 48 King's Road

4 42 Berwick add o 12 Kingstown Harbour..

sub. 2 54 Blakeney Harbour - 3 54 Kinsale Harbour

1 54 Blexen sub. 0 56 Leith

add 0 10 Boulogne - 2 40 Lerwick Harbour..

sub. 4 6 Brest Harbour

add 1 40
Little Hampton

2 21 Brielle..

0 54
Liverpool

2 44 Brighton..

sub. 2 28 Lough Foyle (Londonderry) add 5 53 Bristol..

add 5 10
Margate..

sub. 2 2 Buchan-ness sub. 2 16 Milford Haven, entrance to ..

add 3 39 Calais 2 36 Montrose

sub. 0 38 Campbeltown 2 36 Morlaix

add 2 59 Cape Clear..

add 1 54
Mount's Bay

2 34 Cardigan Bar 4 39 Newhaven

sub. 2

15 Carmarthen Bay - 3 52 Newport (Isle of Wight)

3 10 Cherbourg -5 51 New Shoreham Harbour

2 17 Chichester Harbour sub. 2 9 Orfordness..

3 36 Christchurch Harbour.. 5 16 Ostend

1 56 Cork Harbour (Queenstown).. add 2 24 Peel Harbour, Isle of Man

3 46 Cowes

sub. 3 21 Pembroke Dock-Yard... add 4 5 Crinan.............

add 1 53
Port Glasgow

sub. 2 41 Cromarty sub. 2 2 Port Patrick

3 Cuxhaven 1 6 Portsmouth Harbour ...

2 26 Dartmouth Harbour

add 3 54 Ramsay Harbour, Isle of Man - 2 56 Devonport Dock-Yard 3 36 Ramsgate Harbour

2 26 Dieppe sub. 2 59 Rye Harbour..

3 40 Donegal Bar

add 2
59 Scarborough

add 2

9 Douglas Harbour, Isle of Man sub. 2 56 Scilly Islands..

2 24 Dover Harbour 2 55 Shannon Mouth

144 Dublin

54 Sligo Bay

- 3 53 Duncansby Head .. 5 51 Southampton..

sub. 3 26 Dundee add 0 29 Southend and Sheerness

1 27 Dunkerque sub. 2 26 Spurn Point, the

add 3 14 Exmouth Bar add 4 19 St. Ives

14 Eyder, Mouth of the sub. 2 26 St. Malo

3 34 Eyemouth 0 9 Stromness

sub. 5 6 Falmouth Harbour add 3 9 Sunderland..

add 1 15 Flushing (Walcheren).. sub. 0 46 Tay Bar ..

sub. 0 1 Folkestone 3 7 Texel Road

5 6 Fort George 2 6 Torbay

add 3

54 Galway

add 2
22 Tynemouth Bar

0 44 Glenluce Bay sub. 3 20 Waterford, Hook Point of..

22

2

2

- 3