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debts ben payed, my burying made, and this my will fulfylled, I bequeth holy unto Mawde my wyff, therewith testament I make and ordeyn the said Maude my hole to do and dyspose at her own free will; and of this my executrix. In witness whereof hereto I have set my seall. Written the day and yer' aforesaid. These witnesses, Syr Hugh Newton, prest, and William Camp, notary." JULIA R. BOCKETT.

Southcote Lodge.

"Tertium quid."

This expression in the scholastic philosophy appears to have originated with the Pythagoreans, who said:

**Ανθρωπος δίπους ἐστὶ, καὶ ὄρνις καὶ τρίτον ἄλλο.”
"Sunt bipes homo et avis et tertium quid."

By tertium quid, says Jamblicus (De Vita Pythag., c. xxvii. p. 133.), was meant Pythagoras; adding,

“ Τοιοῦτος μὲν οὖν διὰ τὴν εὐσέβειαν ἦν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐνομίζετο ειναι.”

"So highly was he distinguished for piety and truth." The disciples herein followed their master, who

I say the revival of an old perfect tense, because himself imitated the oracular style in his maxims :

I do not remember to have seen the word wanned

used, except in Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.:

"Is it not monstrous, that this player here, But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, Could force his soul so to his own conceit, That from her working all his visage wanned." It is singular that Johnson, though he quotes the passage from Hamlet, classes this word as an adjective formed from wan.

Is not wanned the perfect, and wan the past participle of the verb "to wane?" ERICA.

Warwick.

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"The Will of Richard Knyvet, Luter, tempore Henry VII. "In the name of God, Amen. The viiith day of the moneth of Aprill, the yere of our Lord God 1497, and in the xiith yere of the regne of Kyng Henry the VIIth, I, Richard Knyvet of Southwerk in the countie of Surr', luter, beying in holl mynd and clere memory, thanked be our Lord God, make and ordeyn this my testament and last will in maner ensuyng. First, I bequeth my sowll to Almighty God, my Maker and Savyour, and to the glorious Vergeyn our lady Seynt Mary his blesset Moder, and to all the holy company of hevyn, and my body to be buryed in the church hawe of my parysh church of Seynt Mary Magdalene, in Southwerk beforesaid, in such place or buryell that the cross there shall stand on the right syde of my burying. Item, I bequeth to the high awter of the said church, for my offeryngs forgotten, iiiid. Item, I bequeth to Willm Wath my servant my hanger and my dager, with all that longeth to theym, my whyt fustian

doblet, a lute and the case thereto. Item, I bequeth to the comon box of the brethered of Seynt Antony, xiid. The residew of all my goods, not bequethed after that my

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International Copyright Law.—I am constantly in "hot water" since the passing of the various copyright laws and international conventions, with respect to translations and adaptations from foreign publications. I should feel much obliged if you could inform me if there is any law book published, explaining the technicalities of the international copyright question. TRANSLATOR.

"Rackets" or "Racquets." — As the game of rackets has been for a long time a very popular one at the University of Cambridge, and at Oxford is becoming every term more and more so; and though here at Birmingham (once the champion ground for racket players) it has been for the last five years gradually dying out, yet perhaps some one may be interested enough in the subject to answer the question which I now put. What is the origin of the game at racquets? The word itself, written either racket or racquet, is said to be derived from the Latin reticulum.

Menage gives the process thus: Root, rete, retica, reticum, reticetta, retiquetta, reketta, raketta, raquetta. Raquetta is the Spanish word, raquette French, raket Dutch, racket German, rachetta Italian. Ainsworth (Latin Dict., s. v. reticulum) says Ovid uses reticulum for a racquet. De Arte Amandi, iii. 361.:

"Reticuloque pile leves fundantur aperto: Nec, nisi quam tolles, ulla movenda pila est." But he is there talking of the game of chess, or something similar to it, and reticulum means a bag or basket, or like the open pockets of a billiard table. Chaucer and Shakspeare are the earliest English writers (I believe) which use the word racquet, and they speak only of tennis, not racquets. A RACKET PLAYER.

Birmingham.

De Witt Medal.—I have in my possession a bronze medal, about two inches and a half in diameter, commemorative of Cornelius and Johannes de Witt, A.D. 1623. On the reverse is represented the death of the brothers by wild beasts, with this inscription:

"Nunc redeunt animis ingentia consulis acta et formidate sceptris oracla ministri."

Can any of the numerous readers of "N. & Q." give some information respecting the history, rarity and value of this medal ? G. L. O. "Recollections of Sir William Waller," forming an Appendix to the Poetry of Anna Matilda, 12mo., 1788, quoted in the third volume of William Seward's Anecdotes, p. 301. ;* and not to be confounded with Waller's Vindication.

In what library is a copy of the above preserved? The poems of Anna Matilda, that is to say, of Hannah Cowley, are attainable in more than one form; but it is the Appendix attached to the edition above described, which I have vainly sought for many years at the British Museum, at Cambridge, Oxford, Dublin, and elsewhere. The

[* Seward has also given some extracts from the Recollections, in his Anecdotes, vol. i. pp. 193-195. It is probable these Recollections have been taken from Sir William Waller's Divine Meditations upon several Occasions, with a Daily Directory, London, 1680.]

late Mr. Rodd told me he knew of a copy, but could not procure even the loan of it. J. W.

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"Lives of Leland, Hearne, and Wood," 8vo., Oxford, 1772. Is it known who is now in possession of this book, with MS. notes by Jos. Pote, the bookseller at Eton, containing the name of the editor, &c., mentioned in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii. p. 683., as belonging to Mr. D'Israeli? E. W. O. Camberwell.

inform me who was the author of a volume of "The Offering."- Can any of your readers of The Offering? It is a selection from the poetry published at Edinburgh, under the title poems, published and unpublished, of a minister's daughter, and is dedicated to the Rev. Dr. Duff. The work is published by Kennedy of Edinburgh, 1851. R. J.

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National Education and Reformatories. Will you be good enough to allow me to put the following questions through the medium of your valuable work? Where may I obtain the best acPrussia, Holland, Sardinia, Naples, The Roman count of national education in France, Belgium, States, Austria, Russia, the United States of America, British America, Brazil, and Mexico? What steps have the government taken to promote education in any of the above countries?

I am also desirous of learning some particulars respecting the criminal population and modes of reformatory treatment in the above-named coun

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"In those times the manners of the Italians were rude; a man and his wife ate off the same plate," &c. Hallam's Middle Ages, new edit., vol. iii. p. 342.

Was not this custom known in Great Britain in more recent times, and even in high life? Walpole, writing to Sir Horace Mann in 1752, says:

"Duke Hamilton is the abstract of Scotch pride; he and the duchess, at their own house, walk in to dinner before their company, sit together at the upper end of their own table, eat off the same plate, and drink to nobody beneath the rank of earl," &c. - Letters, 3rd edit., vol. iii. p. 18.

It is difficult to determine the degree of credit to be given to Walpole's anecdotes. This, however, is related as if at least he thought it, and meant

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Sauty, or Sawty Bannocks, much resembling pancakes, but generally made of oatmeal, are largely consumed in Scotland on Shrove-Tuesday, or Fastern's-e'en. Query the etymology of the word which gives its name to the bannock.

B. B.

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1. That the bread and wine are the body and blood of Christ in efficacy;

2. That it is a commemorative sacrifice; 3. That it is a covenanting rite, &c.; and three other propositions of a kindred nature? I have a copy of the work, minus the title-page.

A note at the end shows that the author published a sermon in 1735, entitled The Measure of Christian Beneficence, &c., preached by him in the Abbey Church, Bath.

Any one who can answer the above, will have J. D. my best thanks.

Ormskirk.

[This work is entitled "A True Account of the Nature, End, and Efficacy of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper; of the Great Duty of Frequenting, and of the Necessity and Right Method of Preparing for the worthy Participation of it. In which is contained An Answer to a Book

entitled A Plain Account of this Sacrament.' With a Preface, shewing the Agreement of this Plain Account? with the Notions of the Socinians, and its Disagreement with the Doctrine of the Church of England. By Thomas Bowyer, Vicar of Martock, Somersetshire. London, printed for Č. Rivington, at the Bible and Crown in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1736."]

Author of "More the Merrier."

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Who was the author of The More the Merrier, by H. P., 1608: a volume of epigrams quoted in Warton's History of English Poetry, ed. 1824, vol. iv. p. 124. n. ?

E. M.

[Lowndes attributes The More the Merrier to Henry Parrot; but Warton (edit. 1840, vol. iii. p. 457.) has the following query, "Is H. P. for Henry Peacham? as one of the epigrams (No. 51.) appears, with some little difference only, in Peacham's Minerva, fol. 61., edit. 4to." Brydges (Censura Literaria, vol. iii. p. 337.) and Dr. Bliss (Microcosmography, p. 277.) both attribute it, however, to Henry Parrot. 1

Jougs: Kirk Session Records.-In the Appendix to Glen's History of Dumbarton, among various curious records, are the following:

"1620, Julie 9.-The quhilk day Agnes Garnir, bein fund guiltie of sclandering her husband foolishlie, withoutt

onie grund, awtt Jhone Crumone's dochtir, was ordaine it the neist Sabothe, in her awin seait, to crave God pardonne, for ye foresaid sclander, and paye ane penaltie of twa marks, or otherwayis to be put in ye joggis."

"October 2.-The qlk daye, Jonatt Davie was convict of Douratte Dog, as lykwayis of skandalous misbehaivir hirself towards her husband, lost her twenty-four schillingis of consignatione; and was ordainit ye next Sabothe opinlie in ye congregationne to giv ane confessione of bothe foursaid faultis; and also ye said Jonatt Davie inactit hirsel, if sche heirafter was fund, tryit, and guiltye of skandalous misbehaiving hirsel in time comin towards her husbande, or of abusing him, to staune ane wholl Sabothe daye in ye joggis.”

What is here meant by the joggis?

ner, about the Hermann and Dorothea, which he was then
writing. He calls it his "Epic Poem," and observes in
one letter, "The peace (probably that of Campo Formio)
will stand me in good stead, as my poem will gain there-
by a more complete unity of effect." This evidently shows
that in the poem he meant to delineate his own times.
Compare the historical canto, "The Age," with Alison's
History of Europe, vol. ii. pp. 500, 501., edit. 1849.
scene of the poem is laid in a German country town on
the right bank of the Rhine, and in its neighbourhood.
of Hermann and Dorothea.]
See M. Winter's valuable Introduction to his translation

The

"Stonehenge," &c.- Stonehenge, a Pastoral, by John Speed, temp. James I., mentioned by Anthony à Wood. The name of Speed, in the Brit. Mus. Catalogue, affords no clue to such a work. Is it J. W. preserved in any collection of plays?

[Wood (Athena, vol. ii. col. 660.) says, "The said Pastoral is not printed, but goes about in MS. from hand to hand."]

G. B. [JUGGS, JOUGS, JOGGES (Lat. jugum; Belg. juk, a yoke), a kind of pillory; the criminal being fastened to a wall or post by an iron collar, which surrounded his neck. (Jamieson.) "They punish delinquents, making them stand in jogges, as they call their pillories, which in country churches are fixed to the two sides of the maine door of the parish church, cutting the halfe of their haire, shaving their beards," &c. (Maxwell's Burden of Issachar, p. 3.) The more usual form of the jougs is simply a flat iron collar with distended loops, through which a padlock was passed to secure the culprit in his ignominious durance. In Wilson's Archaeology of Scotland, p. 691., is a woodcut of a fine old pair of jougs, the property of Sir Wm. Jardine, Bart., which were found embedded in a venerable ash-tree at Applegirth, Dumfries- What is meant by the speddyll, or spettell? shire. Consult also Brand's Antiquities, vol. ii. p. 470., Bohn's edition.]

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, titular king of the Romans (second son of King John), had a young son, Prince Henry, who was murdered by one of the exiled De Montforts at Viterbo. Where can I find the particulars about this affair, and whether the Earl of Cornwall was a resident there? A. S.

[The particulars are given by Speed, Historie of Great Britaine, edit. 1632. p. 631. He says, "Pope Gregorie excommunicated the bloudy-handed Guy Montfort (because his person could not easily be gotten, by reason of his greatness and power), with all his receivers, and (untill amends were made) put their whole dominions under interdict, for that the said Guy (sonne to Simon, late Earl of Leicester, slaine at the battle of Evesham), in revenge of his father's death (for which he mortally hated all King Henry's race), had most butcherly murthered Henry of Almaine (the sonne of Richard, King of the Romans), King Edward's neere kinsman, upon his return towards England, in the reign of the late King Henry, as he was devoutly serving God in the church at Viterbo in Italy; which horrible act induced a judicious author (Paul. Emyl. in Ludo, 6.) to suspect that Guy also had a hand in that assassination on Edward, who had slaine his father. This Guy, being afterward taken by the admirall of Arragon, to gratifie King Edward, was kept in prison, and the death of Henry revenged with his."]

Göthe's "Hermann and Dorothea." - Can you
inform me of the date and scene of Göthe's poem,
Hermann and Dorothea?
B. W. J.

[Many allusions in the Introduction to this poem are suited only to the German public of 1796-7, for which it was written. In Göthe's correspondence with Schiller in 1796-7, he consulted him, as he did Humboldt and Kör

Speddyll, or Spettell. In an old book of churchwardens' accounts for the parish of Worksop, I find the two following items : "1564. It. for the speddyll dore mendyng 1565. It. payd for the gret leder settyn up to the spettell, in bred and ale

iiijd.

vjd."

J. J.

[May not these words refer to the 'spital or hospital connected with the Worksop Priory?]

Replies.

BANBURY ZEAL.

(Vol. vii., pp. 106. 222. 310. 512.) Should the name of Whately not have turned up in that discussion, I would put in a claim for that worthy, if not for originating the distinction obtained for Banbury, at all events for fostering and maintaining the zeal for which that locality has acquired proverbial note.

The Rev. William Whately appears to have Boanerges, indeed, if we may credit the report been Vicar of Banbury in the reign of James I., a that he was called "the Roaring Boy of Banbury," with reference to whom Fuller says, "only let them (the Banbury folk) adde knowledge to their zeal, and then the more zeal the better their condition; " and as a proof that the inhabitants were then worthy of their pastor, we are told by his monument

"It's William Whately that here lies,

Who swam to's tomb in 's people's eyes." Whately wrote several pieces; among the rest a sermon, entitled Sinne no more, being an interesting discourse upon a most terrible fire which occurred at Banbury in 1628, and is remarkably characteristic of the zealous preacher.

Coming into town this morning, and thinking as little about Bunbury zeal as any of your readers, I lighted upon a heap of these sermons on a stall, a most beautiful Banbury reprint of 1827, with which I was so charmed, that I bought the whole lot at a price which, as we say in the city, "has not transpired," and shall not, lest it should in the eyes of some deprecate my bargain.

Now, as these books are in the primest order, uncut, and fit for any gentleman's library, I take the liberty to send you half a dozen copies, to be disposed of to any of your readers who will accept of, and value such a curiosity; reasonably enough, I think, excepting the Banbury antiquaries, who appear to have shown so little of the old local staple towards a spirited publisher.

THE LAST PRIOR OF DUNMOW.

(Vol. xii., p. 187.)

J. O.

Geoffrey Shether, the last prior of Dunmow, was confirmed on Dec. 17, 1518, and his name occurs in 1529. This is all we can gather from Dugdale's Monasticon. Where to "find an account of him" is rather a difficult Query. Perhaps, in the reverse of fortune, he left the scene of his former affluence, and led a life too harmless and unobtrusive to merit any passing record in that busy age. A memorial, however, of him is preserved in the British Museum, in the shape of his book of household expenses. It contains an account of his payments for the 23rd to 26th of Hen. VIII.; and in the dearth of more historical evidence, your correspondent may feel interested in a few items from this homely document, which I had occasion very recently to refer to. I cannot trace any unusual indications of character from these items of expenditure. Like many of his order, the even tenor of his life appears to have been occupied as much with the simple duties of rural economy as with those of a devotional character. That he was a thrifty farmer is evident, from the many payments that occur for the 66 sowyng of Lente corne," "thresschyng of whete," mendyng of the plowys," "spreddyng of dung,' mowyng," &c. Nor did Geoffry forget the conventical beer he pays twelve pence to "ij men for kepyng of rokys fro my barley," and three shillings to a woman for dryyng of malte" (MS. Additional, 20,021., ff. 6, 7.). At harvest time, he employed a large number of the labouring poor, both men and women. The priory lands yielded a goodly crop; and Prior Geoffrey expended in harvest wages, vijli. viijs. ivd. (fo. 7. b.), which seems to have so rejoiced his heart, that he bought new "harvest bowlys," expended fourteen pence for "haruest dysshes," and paid the comparatively large sum of four shillings and fourpence "for

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channgyng of vessels," his own "garnish," I suppose, not being adequate to that merry harvest. feast. Perhaps to do honour to his higher guests, he purchased "iiij bottelse of wyn, xvid." That he indulged in the usual sports and festivities of the age, is pretty evident. "I boute," says he, a cap for hawkyn, ijs. ijd." (fol. 3. b.); and he pays a "horsleech" to give "a drynke to all my horses." He delighted in the songs and music of the minstrels, and found pleasure in the disport and jests of fools and players. Sometimes they came singly, but often in little companies, to the prior's hall, where they were well received, and always dismissed with "a rewarde." He gave xxd. as "a rewarde to my Lorde of Sussex players" (fol. 15. a.), and "to my Lorde of Suxcexe Coke, I gave," says he, "a rewarde of viijd. ;" little dreaming, poor old man, that in two or three years after, all those rich lands which he knew so well how to enjoy, would be granted by Henry VIII. to my Lord of Sussex.

Two items occur, which may perhaps interest some of your readers, now that we hear so much

of the Dunmow festivities:

"Item. A rewarde to the Lorde of Mysrulle of Dunmowe, viijd."-Fol. 4. b.

"Item. Rewardes to ij Lordes of Mysrule, xijd.” – Fol. 9. a.

If Prior Geoffrey loved mirth, he was not neglectful of the poor; he gave constantly and liberally to their necessities, and entries for "almes," " 'maundy money," &c., are numerous. One item reads indicative of an amiability of disposition: "I gave," says he "a friende of myn, xjd." (Fol. 16.) What became of the prior after the dissolution is doubtful; perhaps, like many others, he sank into obscurity and indigence, and, instead of his "venyson," his " botelle of red wyn," and his " creem and strawberries," which his household book tells us that he sometimes enjoyed, he had to learn the rigour of a more monastic but less agreeable regimen. F. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER.

Kentish Town.

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A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF SCOTLAND."
(Vol. xii., p. 187.)

As your Halifax correspondent has favoured the readers of "N. & Q." with a reprint of the above libel, it is right that he should know that it originally came from Yorkshire; being the deputed splenetic production of one "Thomas Kirke, of Crookwige," in that county, several times printed. Mr. Kirke does not, however, enjoy the undisputed credit of this piece of scurrility, it being in Haslewood's Catalogue ascribed to Sir Anthony Weldon; who, in that case, not content with a ruthless attack upon James I., here extends his rancour to the whole Scots nation; and

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