Political Parties and Political Development

action African American parties Asia authoritarian bureaucracy catch-all party central cleavage colonial Communist conflict Congress constitutional countries crises crisis cultural democracy democratic dominant economic effective elections electoral emergence established ethnic European European Political Parties existing Federalists forces France French functions Ghana governmental groups ical ideological important independence interests Italian Italy Ivory Coast Latin American leaders leadership legitimacy Lucian W major mass party ment military mobilization modern national integration national party Nigeria oligarchy one-party op.cit opposition parliament parliamentary party development party organization party system pattern pluralism polarized political development political participation political parties political process political system popular Princeton problems proportional representation recruitment regime regional religious representative Republicans revolutionary Rokkan role rule rural single party single-party system social Socialist society structure suffrage tended tion tional traditional tribal two-party system Union University Press urban vote Wafd XYZ affair