won the day against irresponsible levity, even when accompanied by the most brilliant wit, and now, while the King pursues his way to fulfil his higher destinies, the Lord Chief Justice and Sir John Falstaff have their last encounter. There is no appearance of vindictiveness in the Chief Justice. He orders Falstaff temporarily to the Fleet, but it is probably by a good-natured afterthought that he adds: "Take all his company along with him." We know enough of the famous Fleet prison to be sure that, with a thousand pounds in his pocket and all his company with him, Falstaff might spend a very comfortable day at the Fleet, and even enjoy a good dinner, although it might be somewhat costly. He begins to expostulate :: My Lord, my Lord, but in the Folio there are no marks of exclamation to give the tragic note, and he is interrupted courteously enough by the Chief Justice : I cannot now speak. I will hear you soon. Before they are out of sight Prince John remarks: I like this fair proceeding of the King's: He hath intent his wonted followers Shall all be very well provided for, &c. These words would be quite inappropriate if a different fate had just been assigned to the chief of those followers. The Second, Third, and Fourth Folios follow the First in the above particulars, and Nicholas Rowe, in his edition of 1709, makes no alteration. 66 66 It was Alexander Pope who, when editing the plays in 1723, thought he could improve upon the Folio stage directions, and incidentally, as I believe, upon Shakespeare's plot. Not only does he interpolate the misleading Exeunt King and train," having previously described the Chief Justice as being among the train," but he divides the last act into nine, instead of five scenes, and boldly places Scene IX." between the King's exit and Falstaff's words to Shallow, thus cutting off the sequel completely from the former episode; while the further interpolation of Enter Chief Justice and Prince John" suggests that entirely new status which has been universally accepted. Modern editors have reverted to the five 66 scenes, but have retained Pope's other alterations, and amplified the last-quoted stage direction into Re-enter John of Lancaster and the Lord Chief Justice. Officers with them," the whole of which is non-existent in the Folio. The question, which touches closely the right understanding of Prince Hal's character, cannot, perhaps, be settled precipitately, but might it not be well in future editions of the play to revert in this scene to the stage directions of the First Folio, leaving readers to judge for themselves of the true meaning of the dramatist? HELEN HINTON STEWART. AN ENGLISH ARMY LIST OF 1740. IN the Library of the Royal Artillery Institution, Woolwich, there is a folio book, of which the title-page is :— "A List of the Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, and Ensigns of His Majesty's Forces on the British Establishment. With The Dates of their several Commissions as such, and also The Dates of the first Commissions which such Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, and Lieutenants had in the Army. "Also, A List of the Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, and Ensigns of His Majesty's Forces on the Irish Establishment. With The Dates of their several Commissions as such, and also The Dates of the first Commissions which such Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, and Lieutenants had in the Army. "Published by Order of the House of Commons. "London, Printed for Thomas Cox under the Royal-Exchange in Cornhill, Charles Bathurst at the Middle-Temple-Gate, and John Pemberton at the Buck in Fleet-Street. MDCCXL. "Price Two Shillings and Six-pence." It is believed that this is the oldest printed Army List in existence. The list of the "British establishment covers pp. 1 to 60, and that of the Irish. pp. 61 to 80. Both lists are signed by Will Yonge (1), and are dated "War Office, Whitehall, 20 March, 1739-40," although several commissions are dated 22 March, 1740, and one (p. 59) 4 April, 1740. The book is interleaved. Corrections, promotions, &c., are added in ink, down to 14 May, 1742, the date of the earliest MS.. entry being 23 April, 1740. 66 In every regiment the names of the officers are given in full, followed by two columns headed Dates of their present Commissions," and "Dates of their first Commissions." Several curious and interesting names occur in the lists, and I would suggest that correspondents who may chance to possess information about any of these should send it to N. & Q.' for publication. (1) The Right Hon. Sir William Yonge, Bart., Secretary at War. The list commences (pp. 3-5) with four Troops of Horse Guards, having the following Adjutant The ranks of Exempt, Brigadier, and Sub-duties. Brigadier existed in the Horse Guards only, and they continued so until 1788, when they became Captain, Lieutenant, and Cornet respectively. The word exempt " is French, and was used for an officer of cavalry who commanded in the absence of his superior, being thus exempt from ordinary military Dates of their present commissions. 30 Aug. 1737. 9 Sept. 1715. 15 July 1737. 14 June 1734. 19 May 1720. 8 Dec. 1733. It was probably pronounced as a French word, and survives at the present time as "Exon in the Yeomen of the Guard. Brigadier in the sense of a junior rank of officers of the Horse Guards, is not given in the 'Oxford English Dictionary,' although Sub-Brigadier is. The establishment of N.C.O.'s and men (all ranks) was 161. (1) John, 7th Baron. Created Earl De La War, 1761. Died 1766 (D.N.B.'). (2) George, 2nd Baron (peerage of Ireland). Died 1746. Peerage became extinct in 1853. (3) Charles, Viscount Wallingford. Died 1740. He was a son of Charles, the so-called Earl of Banbury. The House of Lords decided in 1813 that the claim to this title was not good. (1) Algernon Seymour, eldest son of the 6th Duke of Somerset. Royal Regiment of Horse Guards in May, 1740. Dates of their present commissions. 8 Feb. 1714. 8 Dec. 1709. 21 May 1733. 13 Oct. 1727. 3 April 1729. 18 Feb. 1728. 3 Oct. 1732. ditto. He was transferred to the in 1744. See D.N.B.' William Meyrick William Peter John Burgoyne Pratt Edward Jefferys William Hollingworth .. (1) William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl. He was transferred to the First Regiment of Foot Guards (2) Third son of George, 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley. (3) Second son of Sir Roger Bradshaigh, 3rd Baronet. Baronetcy became extinct before 1786, on the death of the 4th Baronet, s.p. 1) Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount. He died 20 Dec., 1740, when the peerage became extinct. The Third and Fourth Troops of Horse Guards were reduced in 1746. In 1788 the First and Second Troops became the First and Second Regiments of Life-Guards, which designations they still retain. J. H. LESLIE, Major, R.A. (Retired List). (To be continued.) PANORAMIC SURVEYS OF LONDON STREETS. THESE most useful illustrations of Early Victorian London have not been sufficiently utilized in the many books on London streets and localities published in the last fifty years. Except in Mr. W. G. Bell's Fleet Street in Seven Centuries,' not any have been reproduced, yet their topographical importance is obvious. Published in weekly parts at three halfpenc· each, they were intended to form as а volume a Complete Strangers' Guide through London," and copies were to be seen in the Commercial Room of every Hotel in the Kingdom." 66 on Each part consisted of tour pages of letterpress, advertisements, and notes the thoroughfare illustrated and its public buildings, with the panorama, which usually shows one hundred houses; all these are, numbered, and issuing streets or passages identified. A map of the immediate neighbourhood fills in one margin of the plate, and a small finished engraving of some business premises completes the other. The principal purpose of the undertaking was to establish a Panoramic Directory based on a survey annually revised, with a large revenue from advertisements on account of the novel publicity it afforded. This took several forms. The finished marginal engraving was probably the most esteemed, and examples were utilized as labels, and as illustrations on commercial stationery. The sectional street directory, printed on the cover, identified every house or place of business; names could be printed in larger type, and in the panoramas some of the premises are fully identified by both name and purpose. The proportion of these exceptional considerations in each issue indicates the relative success of the publisher's enterprise; and by examining some of the later issues illustrating suburban thoroughfares it will be understood why the project failed. Sections of the views were printed as notepaper headings for local sale and use. The scheme was, I am informed, also tried at Birmingham, Newcastle, and other places, but the cost was too great or the idea too advanced for its times. It failed, and Tallis lost considerably more than 1,000l., which the survey of London alone involved. I have in my collection six pen-and-ink drawings said to be the originals for the Fleet Street panoramas. I prefer to consider them drawings elaborated from the publication, as they are more finished than the engravings, and there is displayed some desire to make an artistic presentment of the street. It is possible that these sketches were made to be engraved as Я more elaborate survey, a development of the marginal engraving already referred to. Some reissue of the successful sections was attempted, as enlarged panoramas exist, but they are uncommon, and bear no relationship to these drawings. quality and detail of the work are admirable. Except in the identifications of the different premises, there are no advertisements of the businesses in the thoroughfare shown, and even these only occur in the margins, and are not engraved in the view. Only one side of streets is illustrated, the foreground being filled by traffic, pedestrians, and a number of incidents not common to the thoroughfares to-day. For example, by Charles Street, Whitehall, there is a Jack-in-the-Green, with his accompanying sweeps, clown, milkmaids, &c.; a flock of sheep is passing up Cockspur Street; and near Vine Street a bull is being chased by dogs and a number of men and boys. Lower Regent Street is provided with street organs, German bands, pickpockets, drunken men, and-mirabile dictu-a railway carriage on a lorry hauled by a team of horses. The title of this interesting work, and the manner in which its cover is stamped, suggest that this is the first of a series, but I have not met with any others, and it may be inferred that the heavy cost crippled even this common HEART CHERRIES.-After the cherries, the grafioun are now in the market; these are the hard-fleshed cherries, heart shaped, with a groove down the flat side, Fr. bigarreaux, Prov. grafioun durau, crussènt, hard-fleshed, that can be crunched; cor de galino, hen-hearts. In the English names of these fleshy cherries, as distinguished from the juicy kinds, a habit has arisen of hyphening "heart" with "black" or "white," instead of with "cherry," as if the fruit had a black or a white heart. The N.E.D.' has under' Heart,' something of the shape of Regent Street to Westminster Abbey,' a heart," a quotation of black-heart," published by Whitelaw of Fleet Street in "white-heart," also, under ‘Black,' “black1849. This is of much greater width-heart (for black heart-cherry)" ; but "heart4 in. as compared with I in., the size of cherry" is not given a place. The word has Tallis's outline survey; and the length-been lost-in the written name by the misnearly 25 ft.-is remarkable. The whole is engraved on wood by G. C. Leighton "from original drawings made expressly for the work by R. Sandeman, architect," and the Of still greater topographical value is the " Grand Architectural Panorama of London: 9 66 placed hyphen, in the spoken name by the habit of stressing the colour instead of the generic name heart." So when asking for these cherries we have to mention the colour, about which we probably care little, instead of the kind, the name of which is hidden, unstressed, in the hyphened words. The Provençal name grafioun originally meant a grafted cherry, as the Fr. prune d'ente, meaning a grafted plum, now means a superior kind of the fruit. The Fr. bigarreau, two-coloured, mottled, is of doubtful etymology. I would derive it from bi and some past Fr. form of our gear,' wear,' garb," cognate words surviving in Fr. as galbe, garbe, cut or rig of a ship, shape, outline, both words of undoubted Teutonic origin. EDWARD NICHOLSON. Les Cycas, Cannes. 66 66 carduos...... ἀγέλαστος. therefore was The key to this may be found in Cicero, De Fin., v. § 92, to the effect that M. Crassus, grandfather of the triumvir, was reported to have laughed but once in his life, and called ayéλagros. This is referred to in Tusc. Disp.,' iii. § 31; Pliny, N. H., 7, 79; Macrobius, Sat.,' ii. 1, 6; Sidonius Apollinaris, c. xxiv. 13. But the occasion for this fit of laughter is not found till Jerome (Ad Chromatium ') interprets the proverb "Similes habent labra lactucas in the light of the anecdote. Crassus laughed at an ass eating thistles instead of lettuces, finding that they matched or suited his mouth. Jerome illustrates the story by another proverb, "Patellæ dignum operculum,' a lid to match the kettle, and Erasmus devotes half a folio page in his ' Adagia' (i. 10, 71) to explain this. Milton, most probably deriving from Erasmus, insists that Our mouths are becoming Thomas. They write here one Cornelius-Son Pennyboy, Jr. But how is't done? Cymbal. I'll show you, Sir. with a snug nose, and has a nimble tail It is automa, runs under water Made like an auger, with which tail she wriggles Betwixt the costs of a ship and sinks it straight. MALCOLM LETTS. 10 S. i. 286; but we repeat it as being yet more [This passage was quoted by a correspondent at à propos at the present time than it was in 1904.] CHRONOGRAMS IN OXFORD AND MAN CHESTER. 66 BALLIOLENSIS FECI HYDATOECVS O SI MELIVS is an inscription of six Latin words, in Roman letters, on a slab of stone on the south front in of the new School of Chemistry I made it, Waterhouse. Would it were better Oxford. Its translation is: "A Balliol man, (done)! The architect, Mr. Paul Waterhouse, is a Master of Arts of Balliol College. The chronogram yields the date MDCCCCXV., marked by the letters raised above the line. It is very ingenious, and no less modest. Not so perfect is the following:VT SERPENTES SAPIENTES ET COLVMBAE INNOCENTES ESTOTE ADOLESCENTES It commemorates some additions to the University of Manchester made by the same architect in 1912. The inscription is surmounted by the badge of the University, which is a snake and the sun, and means: "Young men, be ye wise as serpents, and innocent (as) doves! - EDWARD S. DODGSON. Oxford Union Society. |