C (a) In the Green-Room Mirror,' anon., 1786 (press-mark "Dramatical Tracts 4, 641. e. 26"), Clearly delineating our Present Theatrical Performers," the third name given is Mr. Davies, over the motto: New ways I must attempt, my grov'ling name To raise aloft, and wing my flight to fame. Then below as follows: "As attention and study is a sure guide to excellence, it would be unjust to reflect on an adherent, who may, perhaps, when divested of inanimation and a bustle for court dress, become a respectable performer, and do more ample justice to a superior character than a Dumb Lord." (b) In 'Dramatic Miscellanies,' by Thomas Davies, author of the Life of David Garrick,' in vol. ii. p. 11, appears the following: “Under the direction of Mr. Garrick in 1757 All's well that Ends well was again revived ....Davies = the King." to London 1752, when he and Mrs. Davies were Mrs. Davies engaged at Drury Lane Theatre. Cibber's parts, particularly Cordelia (King Lear), was sometimes called upon to perform Mrs. and her person, look, and deportment were so correspondent with the idea of that amiable was received with... character, that she approbation. She was a better performer than her husband, who fell under the ridicule of Churchill's Rosciad.' He quitted the stage in 1762 and returned to his former business, having opened another bookseller's shop in Russel Street, Covent Garden." ELBRIDGE COLBY. (c) In Baker's Biographia Dramatica there is Mr. William Davies, author of the comedies Better Late than Never,' 1786; 2. Generous Counterfeit,' 1786; Man of Honour,' 1786, &c., written for a private theatre and published in one volume. (d) From Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Samuel Foote, Esq.' (1778) : (e) The Thespian Dictionary,' 1805 :— "Davies, Thomas, author of 'Dramatic Miscellanies,' &c.; was an actor under the management of Henry Fielding, and the original representative of Young Wilmot. He played in the tragedy of Fatal Curiosity,' at the Haymarket, in 1736. Afterwards he commenced bookseller in Duke's Court; but met with misfortunes which induced him to return again to the stage. For several years he belonged to various companies at York, Dublin, &c. At the former place he married the daughter of a Mr. Yarrow, an actor then belonging to the York theatre. He returned 3. know The mighty pain this suffering swain does for it undergo. Oh, do not forget me though, out of your sight, To roam far away be my doom; My thoughts are still with you by day and by night, And will be till laid in my tomb. The above appear on engraved coins, of the class commonly known as Love tokens." IGNORAMUS. [1. The authorship of "Though lost to sight, to memory dear," has been discussed at some length in N. & Q.' See 10 S. xi. 249, 317, 438, 498, 518; xii. 55, 288. Mr. Gurney Benham in the 1912 revised edition of 'Cassell's Book of Quotations,' p. 450, says: "This occurs in a song by George Linley (c. 1835), but it is found as an 'axiom' in the Monthly Magazine, Jan., 1827, and is probably of much earlier date. Horace F. Cutter (pseudonym Ruthven Jenkyns) uses the expression in the Greenwich Magazine for Mariners, 1707, but this date is fictitious." Cutter should be "Cutler," and the words "this date is fictitious" will hardly convey to the general reader the fact that the Greenwich Magazine for Mariners, or, as MR. H. P. BowIE names it at 10 S. xi. 249, the Magazine for the Marines, owes its existence to the imagination of an American who died only a few years ago. Mr. Benham's date of 1827 seems, however, the earliest yet found for the line in question.] FLEMING FAMILY.-Can any of your Craighlaw). The third daughter of John readers inform me who were the parents of and Margaret Hamilton of Ladyland was the Revs. James and Alexander Fleming, Elizabeth Hamilton, who married Malcolm who were brothers" in the same class at Fleming of Barochan, Renfrewshire, and Glasgow University, 1696 ? these Flemings owned a common descent with the Earls of Wigtown, and carried the same crest and motto. W. ALEXANDER FLEMING. Buslingthorpe Vicarage, Leeds. Their great-grandfather is claimed to have been the Hon. Alexander Fleming, fourth son of the 6th Lord Fleming, created 1606 Baron Cumbernauld and Earl of Wigtown (vide 'The Scots Peerage,' vol. viii.). The Rev. James Fleming was ordained by the Presbytery of Armagh, Jan. 18, 1704 (vide Reid and Killen's History of Congregations of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland,' 1886, p. 186; 'Records of the Synod of Ulster,' vol. ii. p. 82; and 'Swift's Works,' vol. xv. p. 286). He married first by whom he had a daughter Mary; and, second (settlements dated March 25, 1718), Mary, daughter of the Rev. James Bruce of Killyleagh, and granddaughter of the Hon. Mary Trail (née Hamilton), sister to the 2nd Viscount Claneboye, created 1647 Earl of Clanbrassil (vide Burke's Peerage,' Bruce, Bart. of Downhill, and Marquis of Dufferin). Mary Fleming (née Bruce) was great-great-granddaughter of Wm. Bruce of Airth, who married, 1582, the Hon. Jean Fleming, sister to the 1st Earl of Wigtown and aunt to the Hon. Alexander Fleming aforesaid. 6 REFERENCE WANTED. The following lines While he who walks in love may wander far, DOG SMITH.-Algernon Sidney, in his 'Discourses concerning Government,' p. 52 (printed in 1698, but written about 1680), says: "The Partizans may generally claim the same Audley, Dog Smith, Bp. Duppa, Brownloe, Child, Right over the Provinces they have pillaged: Old Dashwood, Fox, &c. are to be esteemed Fathers of the People of England." Who was Dog Smith ? RICHARD H. THORNTON. 66 The Rev. Alexander Fleming was greatgreat-great-grandfather of the subscriber to this inquiry. He was ordained at Stonebridge, by the Presbytery of Monaghan, May 8, 1705 (vide Reid and Killen's Presbyterian Congregations,' p. 231; and Records of Synod of Ulster,' i. 343, 350, 357; ii. 97). He married (settlements dated April 20, 1709) Martha, daughter and coheiress of Samuel Fixter, of Corick and Augher, JOHN STRETTON'S DAUNCINGE SCHOOLE." co. Tyrone, and his wife Susanna, daughter-I have an old deed dated 1625 relating to of James and Mary Cairnes of Claremore property near Temple Bar. It contains a to a tenement called the (vide A History of the Family of Cairnes,' reference by H. C. Lawlor, from which, however, the dauncinge schoole now or late in the tenure author, having failed to discover the Fixter of John Stretton." marriage, has omitted it). Susanna Fixter, née Cairnes, was cousin-german to Sir Alexander Cairnes, Bart., and to David Cairnes of Derry defence fame (vide Baron Rossmore and Earl Cairns). 6 66 Is anything known of this dancing school? And might it have any connexion with the E. WILLIAMS. Blackfriars Theatre ? 37 Newtown Road, Hove. SANDFORD FAMILY.-Can any reader of N. & Q.' kindly send me a pedigree of the Sandford family of Leonard Stanley, co. Glos., a branch of the Sandfords of Sandford, co. Salop? I am particularly in search of the identity of one of their wives, sixteenth or seventeenth century, whose family bore: Parti per fesse gu. and az., a fesse arg., in chief a chevron arg. C. SWYNNERTON. Leonard Stanley, Glos. Replies. The truth appears to have been that the prefixing to the catchword" of the term Protestant Mercury was the only thing introduced by Bliss in 1715. One of the THE FIRST ENGLISH PROVINCIAL illustrations to Dr. Brushfield's paper shows, NEWSPAPER. (12 S. ii. 81, 155, 216.) IT is rather odd that so much should be known about Andrew Brice, and so little about his master, Bliss. If all that is told of him is accurate, Joseph Bliss must have been a Whig, and, probably, a Dissenter. No one seems to have remembered that he kept a coffee-house, and I think that the only record of this is to be found at the end of the copy of his periodical in the British Museum. But Dr. Tanner's letter points unmistakably to the fact that some one, whose name and periodical are yet to be discovered, preceded Bliss. 66 it is true, in 1707. 66 In the same series of articles by Dr. Oliver, No. 13," published in Trewman's Exeter Flying Post for Feb. 15, 1849, the biography of Samuel Farley was given. And in the number of this paper published on June 28, 1913, the editor wrote: "Last Saturday we recorded Dr. Oliver's statement that Joseph Bliss started The Protestant Mercury; or, Exeter Post-Boy, in September, 1715, in opposition to Farley's Exeter Mercury. There is evidently something wrong about this assertion, as the copy of Bliss's journal in the British Museum is dated May 4th, 1711." J. B. WILLIAMS. FOREIGN GRAVES OF BRITISH AUTHORS The point I am anxious to lay stress upon is that the solitary copy in the British Museum of Jos. Bliss's Exeter Post-Boy proves conclusively that The Protestant Mercury; or, Exeter Post-Boy, of 1715, stated, by Dr. Oliver, to have commenced " in (12 S. ii. 172, 254).-Thomas Coryate died September of that year, was nothing more at Surat in December, 1617, " and was buried than the continuation of the same periodical....under a little Monument, like one of of 1707, with a prefix to the original those are usually made in our Church yards catchword" in the shape of Protestant Mercury. (Edward Terry, A Voyage to East India,' 1655, quoted on p. xi of the Publishers' Note' to the reprint of Coryat's Crudities,' Glasgow, MacLehose, 1905). The foundation of Dr. Brushfield's paper on Andrew Brice and the early Exeter press appears to have been the biography of Andrew Brice, to be found in Trewman's Exeter Flying Post for Jan. 4, 1849. This No. 7" of a series of articles written anonymously by the Rev. Dr. Oliver, under the general heading of Biographies of and Exonians.' I take the following extract yard p. 242). was from it : "A humble tumulus marking the place of his burial was shown half a century afterwards. It is described in Sir Thomas Herbert's Travels' (1634).”—Life of Thomas Coryate in the 'D.N.B.' Sir John Suckling died in Paris in 1642, was buryed in the Protestants church(Aubrey's Brief Lives,' vol. ii., 1898, Sir George Etherege died in Paris in 1691, and was presumably buried there. A more important writer than any of these, William Tindale, was strangled and his body burnt at Vilvorde in September, 1536. EDWARD BENSLY. "In his Itinerarium Curiosum '[published in 1724] Dr. [William] Stukely mentions with commendation the many booksellers' shops in Exeter. Our readers may have met with Walter Dight in 1684, Mr. Osborne, near the Bear Inn, 1693, Samuel Farley, 1701, Charles Yeo, 1701, Philip Bishop, Joseph Bliss, Edward Score, James Lipscombe, Nathaniel Thorne, John March, John Giles; and, at a later period, the names of Thomas Brice, Andrews, Trewman, Dyer, and Upham are familiar But to confine ourselves at present to Andrew Brice. He was born at Exeter in 1690, and was intended by his parents for a dissenting minister; but on preferring the trade of a printer was apprenticed to Joseph Bliss, the editor of The Protestant Mercury; or, Exeter Post-Boy. This weekly journal commenced here in September, Mrs. Browning is entombed at Florence. 1715, and at first was published on the Friday, E. A. Freeman died at Alicante, and lies but shortly after on the Tuesday also. It was introduced in opposition to Farley's Exeter Mer- buried there. cury," &c. at Mentone. to us. Besides J. A. Symonds, buried in Rome, another Bristol writer" of great renown and greater promise," to quote his epitaph by Lord Houghton, was buried abroad. This was Frederick John Fargus ("Hugh Conway "), whose grave is at Nice. He died in CHARLES WELLS. 1885. W. C. J. errs in placing him 66 66 66 66 THE DOCTRINE OF SIGNATURES (12 S. ii. 128, 197). It is scarcely fair to the first propounders of this doctrine to say that they based the use of each particular herb not on its actual properties, but on its real or supposed resemblance to the part affected." Paracelsus, to whom the doctrine appears to have mainly owed its vogue, taught that the virtues of plants depend upon the proportions in which they contain the three principles or elements of sulphur," salt," and mercury," and that these inward virtues may be known by the outward shapes and qualities which are the signatures of the plants. Similarly, Giambattista Porta taught, in his Phytognomonica' (Naples, 1588), that the healing properties of herbs, no less than the spiritual qualities of men, may be revealed by outward signs. The virtues, however, are only indicated by the signs; they do not reside in them. William Cole and Robert Turner, the great English exponents of the doctrine, speak to the same effect. The best herbalists even of the sixteenth century rejected the doctrine, but Ray, though he did not accept it as a whole, admitted that there were some apparent grounds for it :— "I will not deny," he wrote, "that the noxious and malignant plants do many of them discover something of their nature by the sad and melancholy visage of their leaves, flowers, and fruits." MOVING PICTURES: THEIR EVOLUTION (11 S. ii. 403, 456, 502, 517, 537; iii. 56, 125, 155, 194).-At these references are to be found various allusions to and advertisements of the earliest form of "moving pictures," dating back to the time of Queen Anne. These can now be supplemented by an interesting extract from The Tatler of that day, in the shape of a mock advertisement, published in the issue for May 2-4, 1710, announcing that "Whereas it has been signified to the Censor, That under the Pretence that he has encouraged the Moving Picture, and particularly admired the Walking Statue, some Persons within the Liberties of Westminster have vended Walking Pictures, insomuch that the said Pictures have within few Days after Sales by Auction returned to the Habita tion of their first Proprietors; that Matter has been narrowly looked into, and Orders are given to Pacolet to take Notice of all who are concerned in such Frauds, with Directions to draw their Pictures, that they may be hanged in Effigie, in Terrorem of all Auctions for the future." I would note that the illustrative extract given by MR. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL at 11 S. ii. 517, as being undated, is the advertisement in The Spectator for Sept. 27, 1711, a portion of which was quoted by MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS at ibid., 456. To this can be added another Spectator advertisement of April 19, 1711, which proves the continuance of Penkethman's connexion with the show, originally exhibited two years earlier (ibid., contribution of MR. A. RHODES). The later advertisement runs as follows: "Mr. Penkethman's Wonderful Invention, call'd the Pantheon: Or, the Temple of the Heathengods. The Work of several Years, and great Expence, is now perfected; being a most sur prizing and Magnificent Machine, consisting of 5 several curious Pictures; the Painting and Contrivance whereof is beyond Expression Admirable. Heads, Legs, Arms and Fingers, so exactly to what The Figures, which are above 100, and move their they perform, and setting one Foot before another, like living Creatures, that it justly deserves to be esteem'd the greatest Wonder of the Age. To be seen from 10 in the Morning till 10 at Night, in the Little Piazza's Covent-Garden, in the same House where Punch's Opera is. Price 1s. 6d. 1s. and the lowest 6d." ALFRED F. ROBBINS. MRS. GRIFFITHS, AUTHOR OF MORALITY OF SHAKESPEARE'S DRAMAS' (12 S. ii. 209).— Information with regard to Mrs. Elizabeth Griffith (not Griffiths) may be obtained from the following works: the D.N.B.,' vol. viii. Robert Williams's 'Eminent Welshmen '; David Erskine Baker's Biographia Dramatica,' i. 301; Benjamin Victor's History of the Theatres of London,' pp. 69, 76, 137; David Garrick's Private Correspondence John Genest's History of the Stage, vol. v. ; Robert Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica' ; Gentleman's Magazine, xl. 264; lxiii. 104; Miss Seward's Letters; and Allibone's Dictionary of Authors,' vol. i. A collection of her works might also be consulted at the British Museum. E. E. BARKER. THE FRENCH AND FROGS (12 S. ii. 251).— In La Vie Privée d'Autrefois,' in the volume labelled 'La Cuisine,' Alfred Franklin draws attention to the fact that grenouilles are an item of the dainty fare mentioned by Rabelais, and tells us that a thousand of the creatures were prepared in the establishment of the Archbishop of Paris for a banquet given in honour of Elizabeth of Austria on March 29, 1571 (pp. 92, 102). I fancy that few people who had once enjoyed frogs done after the French fashion would object to face the dish again. I liked it well enough at an hotel at Tours, the one place where, as far as I can remember, such regale has been offered to me. I fancy the legs, and part of the back, were the only joints served up; but in a note supplied by Franklin (p. 92) Du Champier is cited as saying: “J'ai vu un temps où l'on ne mangeait que les cuisses; on mange maintenant tout le corps excepté la tête. On les sert frites avec du persil.' A paragraph on our subject occurs in Hackwood's Good Cheer' (p. 299) :"As every one knows, the esculent or edible frog is considered quite a luxury in France, Germany, and Italy. Those brought to the markets of Paris are caught in the stagnant waters round Montmorency, in the Bois de Vincennes, the Bois de Boulogne, and elsewhere. The people who collect them separate the hind-quarters, and legs, from the body, carefully skin them, arrange them on skewers, as larks are in this country, and so bring them to market. The dealers sometimes prepare toads in the same way, and as it requires an expert eye to detect the difference, the Parisians are sometimes literally, if unconsciously, 'toadeaters."" and thought he “nivver had owt as grand in his life and wor meeaning to have another plateful, when he was told what he had eaten, whereupon his face "went as white as mi hat, an' he dropt his knife and fork" (p. 45). It is difficult to distinguish fried frog from the best Vienna backhendl (young chicken), so much extolled by travellers. L. L. K. IBBETSON, IBBERSON, IBBESON, OR IBBOTSON (12 S. ii. 110, 198).—My great-grandmother, G. Ord Ibbetson, on my mother's side (? maiden name) married Mr. Ibbetson of St. Antony, co. Durham, a collector of books, I believe. She had two daughters, one married to Cuthbert Ellison of Hepburn Hall, co. Durham, and called Isabella, whose eldest daughter, Isabella, married Lord Vernon. Mrs. G. Ord Ibbetson died in London in the early 1840's, aged 94. I have a good lithograph of her, several Bibles and other books, a diary of hers, a journal of a trip from Antwerp to Lausanne, 1817; also some Oriental china, much riveted owing to a cat locked up accidentally in a large cupboard. I saw her soon after the smash. There is Jewish blood no doubt in the Ibbetson and Ellison family. I fancy they came to England, merchants from Holland, in the seventeenth or eighteenth century. 66 FRANCIS N. LAMBTON. THE HORSE-CHESTNUT (12 S. ii. 172, 237). -For the popular name, the 'N.E.D.' compares the German Roszkastanie, and other words with the same prefix, and shows that in names of plants, fruits, &c., it often denotes a large, strong, or coarse kind," and gives over thirty instances of this, besides a few in which the prefix appears to be used for other reasons. Gerarde and Matthiolus are cited as saying that the people of the East "do with the fruit thereof cure their horses of the cough, and such like diseases." has always seemed to me to come under the class of larger and coarser fruits, as compared with the Spanish or edible chestnut. The But it N.E.D.' is not specifically committed to any sometimes to include a pejorative suggestion, explanation in this case. The prefix seems horse-godmother," a large, coarseJ. T. F. 66 as in looking woman. Winterton, Lincs. MR. F. A. RUSSELL'S explanation of the English name of this tree is scarcely to be reconciled with the fact that in 1557, long before the horse-chestnut was introduced into Britain, Dr. Quackleben wrote to the |