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fo well have their carbonic, oleaginous and ligneous elements and particles (with which they abound) done away, or be brought to any ftate of perfection, without the above procefs of bleaching and boiling. The veflel or receiver for bleaching the material in, may be of any fhape or dimenfion, and made of any fubftance capable of compreffon and condenfation. I do it in receivers made of wood, in glazed earthen veflels, and other vefiels, of any fhape or dimenfion; and indeed it may well be done in any receiver, the fubftance of which is devoid of oil and metal, and not fubject to be materially affected by the oxygen or acid. The quantity of the materials to be bleached fhould contain about its own weight of water, the fuperabundant quantity of water being preffed out. The material muft then be opened by a machine, called by the cottonmanufacturers a Devil, or fome machine of that nature. Then diftribute the material in the receiver thinly, or one or more frames or layers, placing them fo as not to come in contact with each other; or the material may be placed in the body of the receiver, and turned round in it, fo as that the bleaching power may have a free communication with all parts of the material. Then clofe the receiver; make one or more holes, or apertures, in the fide, or other part of the receiver, of a fufficient fize to admit the end or mouth of a retort; then get one or more retorts, or other proper veffel; put therein a fubftance containing oxygen or vital air, which may be found in many fubftances befides manganefe; but as manganefe par

ticularly abounds with oxygen, and therefore a quantity of it is ready made by nature, take of manganefe (fuch as contains the most oxygen) a third part of any given quan.ity, and mix it with a proportion of two-third parts of marine, or lea falt; but this proportion muft be governed by the aerated state of the manganefe; mix them well together, previous to their being put into the retort, and, with the manganefe and fea-falt fo mixed, put in fulphuric or vitriolic acid, of a quantity equal to, or rather more than the fea-falt. Then join the neck or mouth of the retort with the receiver, and lute it; or, if the retort is tubulated, you may join it to the receiver and lue it, before it is charged as aforesaid. The number of retorts to be applied cannot be ascertained, as they will depend on the fize of the receiver, and the quantity of material put in to he bleached. The retorts fhould reft on fand kept continually heated for working, or heat otherwise sufficiently communicated would do. The bleaching will now commence, which fhould be continued until the material is fufficiently whitened for the purpose wanted, which may be known by looking at it. Then take it out, and add more material to be bleached in the fame manner, and fo on, again charging the retort, in manner aforefaid, ftrong enough to proceed; taking care that the material to be bleached fhould never wait for the bleaching power, or the bleaching power be played upon a material which is not bleachable. And the material thus bleached being immerged and washed in water, to take away the acid contained in it, becomes fit to

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From Forreft's Voyage in the Mergui Archipelago.

IN

'N the account of my voyage to New Guinea, I forgot to mention that, at my leifure at Mindano, during the fouth-weft monfoon, I conftructed upon two thick planks, well pinned together, a map of the world: it was 8 feet by 41, allow ing a margin; and when finished, by cutting a strong outline to mark both continents and islands (taken from a small plain chart) it was hung up in Rajah Moodo's hall, where, unless deftroyed by fire, it is likely long to remain; while paper maps, had I had fuch to prefent him, would, it is moft likely, be loft, tore, or neglected.

Since then, I have often faid to myfelf, during my folitary aquatic travels, Why does nobody turn a level verdant plain of a very few acres into a map of the world? When fometimes invention is ftretched to lay out grounds with tafte in the gardens of men of fortune, fuch a thing furely would not either be abfurd or unufeful, I rather think the contrary; the project could not be attended with great expence, would be pleasant and heathful to young folks, efpecially in the execution, and make very young perfons expert in fim

ple geography, far beyond what they get from books and maps even at a more advanced age.

Let a fpot of level ground, three hundred and fixty yards in length from eaft to weft, and one hundred and eighty yards in breadth from north to fouth, be inclofed by a wall (in thefe directions) of a very fmall height, perhaps one or two feet; let thirty-fix marks be made on the east and weft walls, and eighteen be made on the north and fouth walls, to fix the degrees of longitude and latitude at ten degrees, or fix hundred miles afunder; let four pieces of oak timber be made, thirty feet long, and eight inches fquare, with holes bored in them at the diftance of three inches, or five miles, from one another: thus, thirty - fix inches, or three feet, on this piece of timber (which is eafily tranfported and put under cover, and which I call fcale) are a degree; and the whole fcale ten degrees, or fix hundred miles in length. *

Thefe fcales being placed upon or ftuck in the ground, at any of the large divifions of ten degrees made on the walls, and oppofite to each other, afford an opportunity, by crofs log-lines, or pack-thread, of determining the particular town, city, or head-land, that is to be marked on this map, in the fame manner as upon a fheet of paper on a table, with a Gunter's fcale and a pair of compasses,

The continents and islands may be made in turf, the fea in gravel: the boundary or outline may be a hard terrace made of mortar, pieces

An equator and middle meridian of terras, made narrow and low, and gra◄ duated at each ten degrees, would facilitate the conftruction of the map, dividing the whole into four, and admit the log-lines to be shorter.

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of flate fixed in mortar, or the marrow-bones of bullocks; which fome forty years ago I have feen beyond Whitechapel, ufed as a kind of fence near the turnpike-road (this may be remembered by many); or a border of common box may be planted, as is ufual in many gardens.

At particular places on this ocean of gravel, pofts may be fixed up, indicating particular circumftances of monfoons, trade-winds, and cur

very much adorn the villa of the minifter of a great commercial nation; nay, even the palace of royalty itself.

On the Scab in Sheep. By Paul Treby
Treby, Efq. of Plympton, Devonshire.
From Annals of Agriculture, vol. 17.

Sir, Plympton, Nov. 2, 1791. SEND you a recipe for the fcab in fheep, which I have found infallible.

rents, &c. prevailing in particular I

parts, to amufe the contemplative
owner, who, taking a few turns
before breakfast on the furface of
this flat globe, "Where Nature's
volume is attempted to be widely
expofed to view" (as Thomfom
fays) the powers of his mind will ex-
pand; and he will, I am perfuaded,
be often inclined to fay, "This is
obvious; I fee this circumftance in
a new light from what I formerly
learned from books and maps only.
I fee a paffage from the Downs to
India is nothing: the difficulty dif-
appears, compared with the hard-
fhips and fatigue of failing in nar-
row feas.
Here feems to live kind
eafe; while in a paffage from Lon-
don to Newcastle, what with an-
choring and weighing every twelve
hours, reefing and handing of fails,
heaving the lead, &c. in a diftance
of lefs than three hundred miles,
and perhaps feven or eight times
in a fummer, a young man muft
learn the duty of a feaman." Such
reflections will naturally occur to
the contemplative mind, and many
others of the fame nature. I there-
fore take upon me to fay, that the
idea of making fuch a map is wor-
thy of a prince, and within the
reach of a private gentleman to
put in execution. I think it would

3 gallons of brine,
3 gallons of urine,
1 lb. fulphur vivum,
lb. white copperas,
lb. roch allum,
lb. ftone brimstone,
lb. leaf tobacco,

a handful of fox-glove leaves,
ditto of broom twigs.
Thefe ingredients to be boiled
until reduced to two gallons, and
then corked.

The wool fhould be parted on the buds of fcab, and a fmall quantity of the mixture poured on them: this fhould be repeated three or four times, and well rubbed in: I fcarcely ever knew this application fail the firft time. My fheep running on a common, where this diforder prevailed very much, when firft I kept them, I found it very troublefome; but I have now the pleasure, with this recipe, not only to find my own fheep quite clear of it, but thofe of my neighbours.

I ufe as much fublimate as will lay on a fhilling (I forget the weight) to a quart of warm water, in which I fometimes put a wineglafsful of fpirits of turpentine for the worms in fheep. My fervant

fays

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Take two parts of the best common falt, one part of fugar, and one part of falt petre, beat them up together, and blend the whole completely. Take one ounce of this compofition for every fixteen ounces of butter, work it well into, the mafs, and clofe it up for ufe.

I know of no fimple improvement in economics greater than this is, when compared with the ufual mode of curing butter by means of common falt alone. I have feen the experiment fairly made, of one part of the butter made at one time being thus cured, and the other part cured with falt alone: the difference was inconceivable: I fhould fuppofe that, in any open market, the one would

fell for thirty per cent., more than the other. The butter cured with the mixture appears of a rich marrowy confiftence, and fine colour, and never acquires a brittle hardnefs, nor taftes falt; the other is comparatively hard and brittle, approaching more nearly to the appearance of tallow, and is much falter to the taste. I have eat butter cured with the above compofition, that had been kept three years, and it was as fweet as at firft; but it must be noted, that butter thus cured requires to stand three weeks or a month before it is begun to be ufed. If it be foonciently blended with it: and fomeer opened, the falts are not fuffi

times the coolness of the nitre will

then be perceived, which totally difappears afterwards.

The pernicious practice of keeping milk in leaden veffels, and salting butter in ftone jars, begins to gain ground among fome of the fine ladies in this county as well as elsewhere, from an idea of cleanlinefs. The fact is, it is just the reverfe of cleanlinefs; for, in the hands of a careful perfon, nothing can be more cleanly than wooden dishes, but, under the management of a flattein, they difcover the fecret, which stone-dishes indeed do

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ANTIQUITIES.

Order of Council to the Lord Mayor of London, in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. From Harrington's Nugee Autiquæ.

To the Lord Mayor of London.

FTER our right hartie com

nifter, eftablished and contynewed among vs) Albeit her Maieftie hathe received fuch an affured opinion of the loyaltie of her faid fubiects, and fpeciallie of the inhabitants of that her citie of London, that they will not foe cafelie

A mendacions, Whereas their gine credit to any fuche fecret fy

hathe bene of late printed and publifhed within that citie a certaine libell intituled, "A difcoveringe of the gapinge gulphe," &c. whearin the author hathe not onlie verie contemptuouflie intermedled in matters of state towchinge her Majefties perfon, but alfoe vttered certaine things to the difhonour of the Duke of Aniou, brother to the Frenche Kinge. Forafmuch as divers of the faid books have been verie feditiouflie caft abroade, and fecretle difperfed into the hands of fondrie of her Maiefties fubiects, as well the inhabitants of that citie as in other parts of this realme; with an intencion, as much as in them laie, to alter the mind of her Highnefs good and dewtifull fubiects, and to drawe them into a fufpition and mifliking of her Maiefties actions, as though the fame tended to the preiudice of the realme, and fubverfion of the estate of true religion (nowe a longe time, by the goodnes of Almightie God, and her Highness authoritie, as God's mi

nifter devifes tending to the impairing and defacinge of her Highnes good proceedings, especiallie in the pointe of religion, where fhee hathe willed vs to affure you, that thee defireth no longer life than fhee fhalbe a mayntayner and vpholder of the fame; yet forafmuch on the one parte yt behoveth her Maieftie in honour to have foe notorious an iniure done to fo great a Prince, her neighbour, whoe in fuche kinde and confident forte (all refpecte of perill and dainger layd aparte) vowchlafed to do her Maieftie that honor to come and vifit her, repaired by all the waies and meanes that any waie can be devifed: foe on the other fide, hir Highnes is verie defireous, that as hitherto flee hathe bene verie carefull (as by her doings hathe well appeared) to maintaine and contynewe this realme, bothe in matters of policie and religion, in fuch quiet and peaceable eftate as hitherto fhee hathe done, and which never any Prince did more

carefullie

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