nant to the common interefts of fociety. In purfuing the developement of the declaration, at the conclufion of the affertions which inculpate the progrefs and the whole of the operations of the prefent diet, are found particular complaints which betray the stamp of the fame infidious infinuations that have aggravated the nature of them. The fending of an extraordinary legation to Turkey is reprefented as having had for its object an offenfive league against Ruffia. It is notorious that this miffion had reference to the fame period, and to the fame motives, as all the others decreed to the greater part of the courts of Europe, that of Peterf. burgh included. If the nomination of this laft was fruitlefs, the fault, it is well known, lay not with government. The common object of thefe miffions was to make known 1o all the courts, the fpirit and the pacific object of the indifpenfable operations of the diet, tending folely to the amelioration of the internal government.-The fame fpirit dictated the instructions with which Count Potocki was furnished for Turkey. The negociations into which he afterwards entered were no part of his original inftructions. Being arrived at Conftantinople, be found the Ottoman miniftry clearly difpofed, not only to renew and to cultivate the amicable connexions with Poland, but even to add to them by more pofitive engagements. Preffed as they were by the arms of Ruffia, the Ottomans would have been glad to find a ufeful diverfion in an alliance with Poland. They accordingly made the first advances, accompanied with offers the most fedućtive, The states of the republic being informed of this ftate of things, having to demand the enjoyment of indulgences, the most important to commerce, founded on ancient treaties, did not think it advifeable to reject, by an abfolute refufal, thefe firft overtures, which opened a profpect of means and arrangement advantageous to Poland. In the mean time, the inftructions to this effect, fent to the minister of the republic, were reftricted by all the refervations neceffary to fecure the interefts of Poland, without compromifing thofe of her neighbours. Accordingly, the whole of this negotiation, in which the Ottoman miniftry fhewed as much eagerness to draw the minister of the republic into their views as he oppofed circumfpection, offered ra ther proofs of regard for her Majefty the Emprefs, than juft caufes of complaint. The circumftances of the evacuation of the magazines and the Ruffian troops, fet forth with aggravation in the declaration, will also appear to be much foftened, by recollecting the period to which it belongs. It was, in fact, that in which the republic faw herfelf at the eve of a crifis which might long disturb her internal tranquility. Official reports from different parts of the kingdom, almoft at the fame time, had announced the indications of a general difpofition to revolt among the peasants of the Greek communion, united and not united. Soon after, multiplied advices conarmed the fucceffive unfolding of this baneful germe of fe lition. The im minence of the dange- called for prompt and vigorous meature: afJurances were obtained, by the uni form form depofitions of fome of the revolters, apprehended in different parts, that the firft fparks of this commotion had been struck and fomented by the favaticism of fome monks of the Greek communion not united, feconded by the futtlers and other Ruffian fubjects. A fyltematic concert of these machinations appearing in different parts of the kingdom, threatened a dangerous confpiracy. In this alarming fituation, the ftay and the frequent paffing of Ruffian troops, occafioned by their indifpenfable communications with the magazines established in Poland, gave a juft caufe of apprehenfion that their prefence might encourage the people, eafy to be deluded to a revolt, which they faw daily fomented by fubjects of that nation, and might equally favour the conflux of the latter into the kingdom. These confiderations required the measures adopted, both to obtain the entire evacuation of the Ruffian troops with their magazines, and to fubject their paffing and staying in Poland, to a regulation compatible with the maintenance of the internal fafety. The enlightened equity of her Majefty, the Emprefs, will perceive in this conduct of the Polith government, the fymptoms rather of wellfounded uneafinefs than that of illwill towards her. The fame felicitude rendered indifpenfable the meafures qualified in the declaration, with the term of perfecution against the Ruffian fubjess. In order to stop the confpiracy in its fource, endeavours were made to difcover the authors. Thefe did not cfcape the vigilance of enquiry; and, if among a great number of individuals apprehended, the hand of juftice fell on fome guilty heads, thefe acts of rigour following as the confequence of regular proceedings, were called for by the interest of the public fafety, which was deeply endangered. The charge against the judges of having employed ever torture to extort a confeffion of the crime, is repugnant to the known organization of the juftice of Poland:-Humanity has there profcribed, as in other well regulated countries, the barbarous practice of torture. No fact, no complaint of this nature, has reached the knowledge of government, which would not have failed to do fignal juftice. The principles of mildness and humanity which direct it, even infpired the forefight of preventing the poffibility of having to regret mifplaced rigours that the precipitation of the fubordinate judges might have occafioned, at a crifis in which the indications of a flame ready to burft forth, were likely to aggravate apprehenfion. The eftablishment of a commiffion of enquiry provided against it. Its object was to endeavour to cut all the threads of a confpiracy discovered in its birth, and to prevent, rather than punish, the crime. The vigilance, the folicitude of thi commiffion, fully antwered the expectation of the public. By meafures wife and multiplied, it foon fucceeded in putting a stop to the fears of a revolt, by cutting off the means of propagating one. The arrefts of the Archimandrite of Sulk was one of thofe neceffary meafures. All the fufpicions, all the informations fupported by depofitions, were united against him. The rank which he held in the hierarchy of Greek communion not united in Poland, the credit he poffeffed poffeffed among his followers, added to the dangerous influence of his known principles and inclinations, of which his papers, when feized, furnished the proofs. To fecure his perfon was a measure due to the intereft of the public fafety. Such is the collective afpect of measures which the gravity of circumftances commanded. The true colour under which they are here prefented, clears them of all their odium. The particular accident that occurred in the chapel of the Greeks not united, fituated in the fuburbs of Warfaw, has ftill lefs of thefe odious colours. The inadvertence of a fubaltern officer and fome foldiers, deceived (as was proved before the commiffion of enquiry) by the external appearance of the house, occafioned their fault, for which sufficient reparation was made, by the difcharge of the one, and the vigorous punishment of the others. False reports have, no doubt, reprefented this fact like all the reft, accompanied with circumftances of a nature to exafperate the spirit of her Imperial Majefty. It was undoubtedly by interefting her delicacy, that it was hoped to furprise her conviction; but the accuracy of knowledge which diftin tion, thefe intentions, directed by the love of peace and juftice, hav ing no object but the fafety and in. ternal peace of Poland, fhould be ftill misunderstood; if the reclamations of fome individuals, diffatiffied with order, fhould prevail in the mind of her Majefty the Emprefs over the wifh of the nation; and if the Republic fhould find herfelf in the melancholy fituation of feeing her fovereignty and her legal authority difputed,-the Polish nation, jealous of the efteem of Europe, jealous of the esteem of a fove reign who knows well that noble fentiments will not hesitate in their choice between a degrading furrender and the honourable perils of a neceflary defence. Warfaw, June 1, 1792. The original is figned STANISLAUS NALECZ MALAC- CASIMIR NESTOR, Prince Sapie- guishes that Sovereign, will make Letter from the King of Poland to the her eafily difcover, in this detail of the feveral objects laid before her as caufes of complaint, all the malice that wilful mifreprefentation had added to them; and the pure intentions of the King and the Polish nation, may expect in confequence of thefe explanations, to obtain of her Imperial Majefty the fame juftice that impartial Europe has already rendered them. But if, contrary to all expecta King of Pruffia. Warfaw, May 31st, 1792. Sir, my Brother, THIS letter will be delivered to your Majefty by the Comte de Potocki, Grand Marfhal of Lithuania. I write it at an epoch when every confideration impofes on me the duty to defend the independence and territory of Poland. Both the one and and the other are evidently attacked by the pretenfions of her Majefty the Emprefs of Ruffia, pronounc ed in her declaration of the 18th of May, and by the hoftilities that have followed that declaration. If the alliance which exifts between your Majefty and me is a title to claim your fuccour, it effentially imports me to know the mode that you will prefcribe for the fulfilment ter, will be entrusted with fafely and ufe, as he enjoys my utmoft confidence, as well as that of all the nation, who are united with me on this great fubject. It is with fentiments of the higheft confideration, and of the truest friendship, that I am your Majefty's good brother, STANISLAUS. of Poland. Berlin, June 8th, 1792. Sir, my Brother, of thefe engagements. The politive Anfier of the King of Pruffia to the King knowledge of the fentiments of your Majefty is alfo neceffary to me For my conduct, as your forces are neceffary to my fuccefs. It is apparent that the territory of the republic, guaranteed by your Majefty, is violated; that its independence is invaded and attacked in a manner fo general and extenfive, that defcending even into the most fubtle interpretations, it is impoffible to afcribe it merely to the articles of the new conflitution. On an occafion when, as an ally, the dignity of your Majefty is fo inclufively united with the independence and honour of my nation, I have reafon to expect that you will make known to me your fenti*ments. My confidence in your Majefty will have no other limits than thofe which you fhall yourself ettablifh; and the more that the fuccours which you may be pleafed to give to Poland fall be clearly and promptly announced, the more they will be advantageous and dear to her. In the midft of my inquietudes and fatigues, that which confoles The is, that never was there a better caufe, nor a caufe which had for its fupport an ally more refpectable and more faithful in the eyes of his contemporaries and of pofterity. All that your Majefty fhall please to deign to confide to Marthal Potocki, the bearer of the prefent let THE Grand Marthal of Lithuania, the Comte de Potocki, has delivered to me your Majefty's letter, dated the 31ft of May. I there fee, with regret, the embarraffiment in which Poland finds itself now involved. But I will acknowledge, with equal franknefs, that after all that has paffed for the last twelve months, thefe embarrassments were to be forefeen. Your Majefty will recollect that, on more than one occafion, the Marquis de Lucchefini was charged to manifeft not only to you, but the preponderating members of the government, my juft apprehenfions on this fubject. From the moment that the general re-eftablifhment of tranquillity in Europe permitted me to explain my. felf, and the Emprefs of Rutiia had fhewn a decided oppofition to the order of things eftablished on the 3d of May 1791, my way of thinking and the language of my minifters have never varied; and in ob ferving with a tranquil eye the new conftitution, which the republic has given to itfelf without my privity or concurrence, I have never had the idea either of fupporting ar protecting it. I have predicted, on the contrary, that the threatening meafures meafures and the warlike preparations which the diet unceasingly deliberated upon, one after another, would infallibly provoke the refentment of the Emprefs of Ruffia, and draw upon Poland the evils which they were undertaken to avoid. The event has justified these appearances; and they cannot diffemble in the prefent moment, that without the new form of government for the republic, and without the efforts which they have announced for fupporting it, the court of Ruffia would not have determined on the vigorous proceeding fhe has now embraced. Whatever be the friendship that I have fworn to your Majefty, and the intereft that I take in every thing that concerns you, you will yourself believe that the state of things being entirely changed fince the alliance that I contracted with the republic, and the prefent conjuncture, brought on by the conftitution of the 3d of May 1791, pofterior to my treaty, not being applicable to the engagements there in ftipulated, it does not belong to me to refift the attack made on your Majefty, if the intentions of the patriotic party are still the fame, and if they perfift in the defire of maintaining their own work; but if, retracing their steps, they fhall confider the difficulties that are rifing up on all fides, I fhall be ready to concert measures with her Majefty the Emprefs of Ruflia, and to explain myself at the fane time, with the court of Vienna, to strive to reconcile the different interefts, and to agree on mesfures capable of reftoring to Poland its tranquillity. the confideration with which I am I flatter myfelf that your Majefty will find in thefe difpofitions, and in thefe affurances, the fentiments of fincere friendship, and of FREDERICK-WILLIAM. Official Note delivered by M. Chreptowitz, the Polish Minifter for Foreign Affairs, to the Marquis de Lucchefi ni, the Prufian Ambafador at the Court of Warfaw. HE underfigned has, by fpecial TH command of the King and republic, the honour to communicate to the ambaffador extraordinary and minifter plenipotentiary of his Majefty the King of Pruffia, the Marquis de Lucchefini, the annexed declaration which M. Bulgakow, the Ruflian ambaffador, delivered here on the 18th instant. The entering of the Ruffian army into the dominions of the republic, which is expreflly announced in it, and which (with the intention of preventing the tranfactions of the legislative power of the republic} has already taken place, obliges the King and the republic to demand the affiftance of his Majefty the King of Pruffia, their ally, in the most preffing manner. The known fincerity, the mode of thinking, the principles of his Majefty, and the confidence in the engagements of this prince with Poland, as well as the amicable difpofition of which he has ever given them fo many inftances, do not leave any room to the King and the republic to doubt but that, as they find themselves exactly in the cafe mentioned in the fixth article of the treaty of alliance, they may depend on the good offices and effectual affiftance of their illuftrious ally, purfuant to the entire tenor of the faid article. The condition of the Polish frontiers towards Ruffia, represents the danger |