fied by results. In its earliest days it ough-going Tory finds in the Morning
strongly opposed the slave-trade, and Post the sentiments wherein he cordially
aided in the abolition of that inhuman concurs; the Tory-Democrat delights in
traffic. When a section of the country the enterprising Standard; the philo-
favored harsh treatment of Queen Caro-sophic Radical or the serious Liberal ex-
line, the powerful pleas of the Times for pects to find his views represented with
the fair trial of that unfortunate and not ability and fidelity in the Daily News or
very estimable lady largely contributed to Daily Chronicle; those who care more
avert the high-handed measures which her for fine writing on social subjects than for
husband was ready to take, and which the party politics find what suits them in the
ministry was ready to sanction. In the Daily Telegraph, whilst the licensed vic-
bitter and menacing struggle to carry the tuallers derive mental illumination from
first Reform Bill, the cause of Reform was the Morning Advertiser. Each of these
powerfully supported by the Times, and journals has its fit circle of readers. Each
that support exercised a marked influence may rival the Times and sometimes sur-
over the result, whilst that journal's advo- pass it in obtaining and distributing news,
cacy of free trade materially helped to yet none occupies a corresponding place
overthrow the protective system. At the in the world of journalism. The aggrieved
time of the railway mania, grave words of and grumbling Englishman travelling on
warning to the public proceeded from the the Continent, when remonstrating with
Times, though its financial interests were an extortionate landlord or overbearing
in favor of the excitement being pro- official, thinks no threat more potent than
longed in order that its columns might the threat that he will write to the Times.
continue to overflow with advertisements. The readers of the Times exceed in num-
Had a journal of the same weight and ber those of journals which circulate a
upright character exercised similar author- larger number of copies. The buyer of a
ity at the time of the South Sea Bubble, penny newspaper is, perhaps, the sole
much personal suffering and pecuniary reader of that copy; but a single copy of
loss might then have been averted. To the Times may be read by twenty per
the action of the Times during the Cri- sons. It is the custom in London to pay
mean campaign is attributable the reform a news-agent a small sum weekly for the
in our military organization which fol- right to read the Times for an hour daily.
lowed the cessation of hostilities; whilst The same copy may be perused by the
the facts placed before the public during members of six or eight families; in the
the campaign itself led to an alleviation of evening it is posted to the country, and
the state of the army in the field and the afterwards it may be sent to a colony or a
sick in the hospitals. Perhaps the only foreign land. Thus, whilst each issue of
great occasion on which the Times took another newspaper of large circulation is
a course which was not in harmony with read by one or two hundred thousand
the nation as a whole, but of a part only, buyers, each issue of the Times has sev.
was while the War of Secession was in eral million readers.
progress in the United States, and then To perfect the working details of a
it might be urged that the information daily newspaper requires as great skill
upon which the policy of the journal was and forethought as are expended in build-
based proved to be one-sided and untrust-ing, launching, and equipping a fleet, or
worthy. In the great acts of legislation in organizing an army. But the fleet with-
of recent days, such as the Disestablish- out an admiral, or an army without a gen.
ment of the Irish Church, the Irish Land eral, is like a newspaper without an editor.
Act, the Franchise Act, and the Redistri- In having found editors of remarkable
bution of Seats Bill, the opinion of the capacity, the conductors of the Times
nation has been accurately mirrored in have displayed a prescience and had a
the Times, and the welfare of the nation success which, in turn, have contributed
has been carefully consulted. It is be- to the success of their journal. Mr. Wal-
cause the nation recognizes in the columns ter, the founder of it, was proprietor,
of the Times a faithful reflection of its printer, and editor. His son was editor
own mind that the title of leading journal as well as conductor, and to him is attrib-
has been applied to it by common con-utable the introduction of the leading or,
sent. Every one is supposed to read the
Times, though there are many who do not
consult its columns with the feelings of
satisfaction which animate them when
perusing their favorite journal. The thor-

more correctly, "leaded" article, which has become the distinguishing feature of the newspaper press. The impetus given by the second Mr. Walter to the editorial department has been as lasting as that

which he gave to other departments. He | Mr. Delane on his retirement in 1877, did was singularly acute in detecting capable not long fill the editorial chair, as he died, writers. Being struck with letters con- after a short illness, on the 11th of Febtributed to the paper by Mr. Sterling and ruary, 1884. He had been a valued consigned "Vetus," he secured Mr. Ster-tributor for twenty years; he was a man ling's services as one of the principal of extraordinary learning, large experiwriters. In like manner he discerned the ence of the world, and of great intellecability of Mr. Barnes, who for several tual gifts, and he adorned the high office years was the editor. Most notable, how- of editor of the Times. Mr. Chenery's ever, was the appointment of John Thad- successor is Mr. G. E. Buckle. deus Delane to succeed Mr. Barnes in 1841. For thirty-six years Mr. Delane not only filled the editorial chair, but he did so in a manner which commanded universal respect.

As editor of the Times, Mr. Delane was a power in the State. He did not owe his ascendency to the cleverness with which he wielded a pen, but to the ability which he displayed in turning to the best account the pens of the greatest writers of his day. So consummate was his skill in this delicate task, and so complete was his success, that the Times stated after his death that the British public had then "finally lost one of the oldest, most devoted, and most meritorious of those who may be called its own special servants." What Mr. Delane was as editor cannot be set forth in better or juster terms than those employed in the following passage:

To discuss the great editors and writers of the Times would require more space than is now available, and might well form the subject of another article. Many of the men who have written the most brilliant leaders and reviews are quite un known to the public; but the names of others are familiar and honored, such as Phillips, Dallas, and Thackeray.

When estimating the relative position and influence of London morning newspapers, due account should be taken of the country newspapers which have become so many powers in the kingdom. A century ago the country newspaper press was far inferior to that of London, while that of London was then far below the lowest class of country newspapers now. Walpole wrote to Horace Mann in 1742 that when the Duchess of Rutland was told of some strange casualty, she He had in a remarkable degree several qual- said, "Lucy, child, step into the next ities which are indispensable to success in all room and set that down." "Lord, madbusiness of importance. He was capable of am!" says Lady Lucy, "it can't be true!" long application and concentrated attention. "Oh, no matter, child; it will do for news After hours of work, under harassing and per- into the country next post." Since those plexing circumstances, he had ample reserve days the electric telegraph has enabled of strength for those critical emergencies which all journals to publish the latest news, make the greatest demand on the powers of and if, as not unfrequently happens, the apprehension and judgment. He could always seize on the main point at issue, and lay his intelligence collected or compiled by news hand on that upon which all the rest depended. agencies is quite as fantastic as that which It seemed a kind of intuition that enabled him the Duchess of Rutland thought good to foresee at once the impending fate of a enough for the country, such news is cause or the result of a campaign, but it was a posted in London clubs and appears in practical and methodical power. He could London journals as well as country newsdistinguish between the relevant and the irrele- papers. The truth is that London has vant in the calculation of probabilities as well long ceased to have the monopoly of as in the conduct of an argument. In a con- newspapers commanding the confidence tinual experience of mistakes and disappoint- and deserving the admiration of a multi-for, as we have said, the nightly birth tude of readers. If a list were drawn of the broadsheet is not without its agonies and mishaps — he maintained more equanimity up. of newspapers of the highest class, and command of temper than most people do under the petty harasses of private life. Compelled as he was occasionally to be decisive even to abruptness, and to sacrifice the convenience of contributors and subordinates to the paramount interest of the public, he never lost the respect or affection of those who could sympathize with him in his work, make due allowance for his difficulties, and think less of themselves than of the great issues at stake.

ments

Mr. Thomas Chenery, who succeeded

which deserve the respect of all compe tent judges, that list would comprise those which are published in such places, amongst others, as Leeds and Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool, Newcastle and Glasgow, Dundee and Edinburgh, Belfast and Dublin. The list might be extended and improved if there were added to it a selection from the leading journals of the United States, of Canada, of Australia, and of India; and it would

a broad curve to the little old walled town, its campanile rising up over the clustered roofs, in which was their home. They had fifteen minutes or more of dazzling sunshine before them ere they could reach any point of shelter.

be rendered still more complete and rep-palm-trees towering above, but throwing
resentative if it included the names of the no shadow below; on the other a low house
most notable journals of Germany, Aus- or two, and more garden walls, leading in
tria, Italy, Belgium, France, and Spain.
Yet, when such a list had been drawn up
and pronounced to be at once fair and
full, it would be found that no single
newspaper named therein fulfilled the
conditions of an ideal newspaper so well
as the Times. It is not perfect. Before Ten minutes, or even five, would have
its second centenary arrives it may be as been enough for Frances. She could have
much in advance of its existing excellence run along, had she been alone, as like a
as it is now superior to its condition when bird as any human creature could be, be-
it was first published a century ago. A ing so light and swift and young. But it
leading journal must either go forward was very different with her father. He
or else fall behind and disappear. The walked but slowly at the best of times;
Times is now in the van of the newspaper and in the face of the sun at noon, what
press of the world. Its position is unique. was to be expected of him? It was part
Thirty years have elapsed since Sir Bul- of the strange contrariety of fate, which
wer Lytton paid it a compliment in the was against him in whatever he attempted,
House of Cominons which no other news-small or great, that it should be just here,
paper ever received in a legislative assem- in this broad, open, unavoidable path, that
bly - a compliment which, though appar- he encountered one of those parties which
ently extravagant, was generally admitted always made him wroth, and which usu-
to be well deserved. As the words then ally he managed to keap clear of with
spoken by Sir Bulwer Lytton have gained such dexterity an English family from
point and appropriateness in their gen- one of the hotels.
eral as well as in their particular applica- Tourists from the hotels are always ob
tion, I may fitly reproduce them: "The jectionable to residents in a place. Even
existing newspaper press is an honor to when the residents are themselves stran-
this country, from the ability of its com-gers, perhaps, indeed, all the more from
positions, the integrity of the men who that fact, the chance visitors who come to
adorn it, the vast and various information stare and gape at those scenes which the
it diffuses, and, making fair allowances others have appropriated and taken pos-
for the heat of party spirit and the temp- session of, are insufferable. Mr. Waring
tations of anonymous power, for its gen- had lived in the old town of Bordighera
eral exemption from wilful calumny and for a great number of years. He had
personal slander. And if I desired to seen the Marina and the line of hotels on
leave to remote posterity some memorial the beach created, and he had watched
of existing British civilization, I would the travellers arriving to take possession
prefer, not our docks, not our railways, of them the sick people, and the people
not our public buildings, not even the who were not sick. He had denounced
palace in which we hold our sittings: I the invasion unceasingly, and with vehe-
would prefer a file of the Times."
mence; he had never consented to it.
The Italians about might be complacent,
thinking of the enrichment of the neigh-
borhood, and of what was good for trade,
as these prosaic people do; but the En-
glish colonist on the Punto could not
put up with it. And to be met here, on
his return from his walk, by an unblush-
ing band about whom there could be no
mistake, was very hard to bear. He had
to walk along exposed to the fire of all
their unabashed and curious glances, to
walk slowly, to miss none, from that of
the stout mother to that of the slim gov-
erness. In the rear of the party came
the papa, a portly Saxon, of the class
which, if comparisons could be thought of
in so broad and general a sentiment, Mr.
Waring disliked worst of all - a big man,

W. FRASER Rae.

From Chambers' Journal.
A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF.
BY MRS. OLIPHANT.

CHAPTER I.

THE day was warm, and there was no shade; out of the olive woods which they had left behind, and where all was soft coolness and freshness, they had emerged into a piece of road widened and perfected by recent improvements till it was as shelterless as a broad street. High walls on one side clothed with the green clinging trails of the mesembryanthemum, with VOL. XLIX. 2514

LIVING AGE.

it was like, what it really was, an apartment in an old Italian house, in a rustic castle, furnished and provided as such a place, in the possession of its natural inhabitants, would be.

The Palazzo was subdivided into a number of habitations, of which the apartment of the Englishman was the most important. It was composed of a suite of rooms facing to the sea, and commanding the entire circuit of the sun; for the windows on one side were to the east, and at the other the apartment ended in a large loggia, commanding the west and all the glorious sunsets accomplished there. We northerners, who have but a limited enjoyment of the sun, show often a strange indifference to him in the sites and situations of our houses; but in Italy it is well known that where the sun does not go the doctor goes, and much more regard is shown to the aspect of the house.

only. She went along by his side with of the second story, on the sea side, so the movement of a swift creature re- that the great marble stair up which Warstrained to the pace of a very slow one, ing toiled slowly was very long and fa but making neither protest nor remark. tiguing, as if it led to a mountain-top. And neither did she ask any explanation, He reached his rooms breathless, and gothough she cast many a stolen glance at ing in through antechamber and corridor, him as they pursued their way. And for threw himself into the depths of a large his part he said nothing. The heat of the but upright chair. There were no signs sun, the annoyance of being thus inter- of luxury about. It was not one of those rupted, were enough to account for that. hermitages of culture and ease which EnBefore they could reach the shelter ofglish recluses make for themselves in the their home, there was this broad bit of most unlikely places. It was more like a sunny road, made by one of those too pro-real hermitage; or, to speak more simply, gressive municipalities, thirsting for English visitors and tourists in general, who fill with hatred and horror the old resideats in Italy; and then a succession of stony stairs more congenial to the locality, by which, under old archways and through narrow alleys, you get at last to the wider centre of the town, a broad, stony piazza, under the shadow of the Bell Tower, the characteristic campanile which was the landmark of the place. Except on one side of the piazza, all here was in grateful shade. Waring's stern face softened a little when he came into these cool and almost deserted streets. Here and there a woman at a doorway; an old man in the deep shadow of an open shop, or booth, unguarded by any window; two or three girls filling their pitchers at the well, but no intrusive tourists or passengers of any kind to break the noonday stillness. The pair went slowly through the little town, and emerged through another old gateway The Warings at the worst of that genial on the further side, where the blue Medi- climate had little occasion for fire; they terranean, with all its wonderful shades had but to follow the centre of light when of color, and line after line of headland he glided out of one room to fling himself cutting down into those ethereal tints, more abundantly into another. The Punto stretched out before them; ending in the is always full in the cheerful rays. It haze of the Ligurian Mountains. The commands everything — air and sea, and scene was enough to take away the breath the mountains and all their thousand efof one unaccustomed to that blaze of won- fects of light and shade; and the Palazzo derful light, and all the delightful acci- stands boldly out upon this the most promdents of those purple hills. But this pair inent point in the landscape, with the were too familiarly acquainted with every houses of the little town withdrawing on line to make any pause. They turned a dozen different levels behind. In the round the sunny height from the gateway, warlike days when no point of vantage and entered by a deep, small door sunk which a pirate could seize upon was left in the wall, which stood high like a great undefended or assailable, it is probable rampart rising from the Punto. This was that there was no loggia from which to the outer wall of the palace of the lord of watch the western illuminations. But the town, still called the Palazzo at Bordi- peace has been so long on the Riviera ghera. Every large house is a palace in that the loggia too was antique, the paraItaly; but the pretensions of this were pet crumbling and gray. It opened from well founded. The little door by which a large room, very lofty, and with much they entered had been an opening of mod- faded decoration on the upper walls and ern and peaceful times, the state entrance roof, which was the salone or drawingbeing through a great doorway and court room, beyond which was an anteroom, on the inner side. The deep outer wall then a sort of library, a dining-room, a was pierced by windows only at the height | succession of bedchambers; much space,