ans.

letter, dated the 4th of June, addressed to the family. His majesty sanctioned, with the greatest frontier regiments stationed in Italy, Jellachich satisfaction, the incorporation of Transylvania with declared that the imperial family of Austria en-dent desire of his beloved people-both Hungarians Hungary, not only because he thus gratified the arcouraged the insurrections against the Hungari- and Transylvanians-but also because the union of Meanwhile, the Serbes were carrying on a the two countries will give a more firm support to war of extermination, massacring the inhabitants, the throne and to liberty, by the combined developburning towns and villages, even when they en- ment of their power and their prosperity. countered no resistance; and a force was collected on the frontiers of Croatia with the manifest intention of invading Hungary.

In such a crisis, says Count L. Teleki, the Hungarian government experienced the most painful feelings. Condemned to inaction while entire populations were being exterminated, it acquired the sad conviction that the Austrian ministry only kept the national troops out of the country, and abandoned Hungary to the protection of foreign troops, through connivance with the enemy.

The revolt continued to be pushed forward in the name of the emperor king, and the diet was about to be opened. The Hungarian ministers, therefore, entreated his majesty to open the diet in person, in order by his presence to prove the falsehood of the enemies of Hungary; but the in

vitation had no effect.

The diet, rejoiced by these assurances, immediately sent a deputation to entreat the king to repair to Pesth, as the only means of disabusing the minds of the Croats and Serbes, who were made to believe that his public acts were the result of

coercion.

fused. gain ground; the Austrian troops stationed in Hungary, for the defence of the country, refused to obey the government, and at length a communication to the Hungarian ministry, dated the 29th of June, three days prior to the speech of the Archduke Palatine, announced the intention of the Austrian ministry to put an end to the neutrality it had hitherto observed, and to support Croatia openly. All the Hungarians were then convinced that their constitution, and the independence of the country, must be defended by force of arms. The new national assembly of Hungary, returned the ministry and the diet would not depart from for the first time by the suffrages of all classes of the constitutional and legal course. A levy of the nation, was opened at Pesth, when it was found 200,000 men was decreed, as well as an issue of that, with scarcely an exception, all the members bank notes to cover the deficits; and the acts were of the diet, formerly elected by the nobles, had presented for the royal assent by the prime minisbeen again returned-so calmly had the people ter and the minister of justice; but a long time exercised their newly acquired privileges. On elapsed before any reply could be obtained. the 2d of July the Archduke Palatine, who had the mean time the situation of the country every been unanimously chosen by the diet on the pre-day became worse, and another deputation was sentation of the king, alluded in his opening sent to the king, headed by the president of the speech to a revolt in Croatia, and to the proceed- Chamber of Deputies, to obtain the royal assent ings of armed bands in the counties of the Lower to the laws already presented; the recall of the Danube. His Imperial Highness made the follow- Hungarian troops of the line, quartered everywhere ing statement:

except in Hungary; and orders to the foreign His majesty the king has seen with profound troops stationed in that country to discharge their grief, after having spontaneously sanctioned the laws duty faithfully. Finally, the king was again envoted by the last diet, because they were favorable treated to come into his kingdom, to restore to her to the development of the country, that agitators, peace and order. The deputation received an especially in Croatia and the Lower Danube, had evasive reply. But at the same time, and while excited against each other the inhabitants of different the two ministers were at Vienna, the king, withcreeds and races, by false reports and vain alarms, and had urged them to resist the laws and the legis-out acquainting them, despatched, on the 31st of lative authority, asserting that they were not the free August, a letter to the Palatine, directing him to expression of his majesty's will. Some have gone so far to encourage the revolt, as to pretend that their resistance is made in the interest of the royal family, and with the knowledge and consent of his majesty. For the purpose, therefore, of tranquillizing the inhabitants of those countries, I declare, in the name of his majesty, their lord and king, that his majesty is firmly resolved to protect the unity and the inviolability of the royal crown of Hungary, against all attack from without or disturbance in the interior of the kingdom, and to carry out the laws which he has sanctioned. At the same time that his majesty would not allow any infraction of the lawful rights of his subjects, he blames, and in this all the of the military frontier, which have always formed members of the royal family agree with him, the part of Hungary, should be provisionally subject audacity of those who have dared to pretend that to the Austrian ministry. In this same document illegal acts are compatible with the wishes of his a communication was made to the Hungarian minmajesty, or were done in the interest of the royal istry, of a note of the Austrian government, on

send several members of the Hungarian ministry
to Vienna, for the purpose of concerting measures
with the Austrian ministry, to consolidate and in-
sure the unity of the government and of the mon-
archy, and to open negotiations with the Croats for
the reconciliation of their differences.
king declared it to be an indispensable condition
that the Ban Jellachich-who in the end of May
had been denounced as a traitor-should take a part
in the conferences; that all preparations for war
should cease on both sides; and that the districts

the relations to be established between Austria | the 4th September, the decree which suspended
and Hungary. It was stated" that the provisions Jellachich from all his dignities, as a person ac-
of the law of 1848, by which the Archduke Pala- cused of high treason. This was done on the pre-
tine had been appointed depository of the royal text that the accusations against the Ban were
authority, and chief of the executive power in the false, and that he had exhibited undeviating fidelity
absence of the king—and by which a responsible to the house of Austria. He was reinstated in
ministry had been conceded to Hungary, detaching all his offices at a moment when he was encamped
from the central government of Vienna the admin- with his army on the frontiers of Hungary, pre-
istration of war, finance, and commerce-were paring to invade that kingdom. In consequence of
contrary to the Pragmatic Sanction, opposed to this proceeding, the Hungarian ministry, which
the legal relations between Austria and Hungary, had been appointed in March, gave in their resig-
and detrimental alike to the interests of Hungary nation. The palatine, by virtue of his full powers,
and Austria. These concessions were declared called upon Count Louis Bathianyi to form a new
illegal and of none effect, under the pretext that ministry. All hope of a peaceful adjustment
they had not been consented to by the responsible seemed to be at an end; but, as a last resource, a
Austrian ministry; and although they had been deputation of the Hungarian deputies was sent to
sanctioned by the royal word on the 11th of April, propose to the representatives of Austria, that the
and again formally recognized in the speech from two countries should mutually guarantee to each
the throne on the 2d July, it was announced that other their constitutions and their independence.
these laws were to be considerably modified, in The deputation was not received.
order that a central power might be established at
Vienna."

Count Louis Bathianyi undertook the direction of affairs, upon the condition that Jellachich, whose troops had already invaded Hungary, should be ordered to retire beyond the boundary. The king

before the other ministers were known.

But Jellachich had passed the Drave with an army of Croats and Austrian regiments. His course was marked by plunder and devastation; and so little was Hungary prepared for resistance, that he advanced to the lake of Balaton without firing a shot. The Archduke Palatine took the command of the Hungarian forces, hastily collected to oppose the Ban; but, after an ineffectual attempt at reconciliation, he set off for Vienna, whence he sent the Hungarians his resignation.

Never, we venture to say, was a discreditable breach of public faith palliated on pretexts more futile. Hungary is as independent of the Hered-replied, that this condition could not be accepted itary States as the Hereditary States are of Hungary; and, in matters relating to Hungary, the ministers of Austria, responsible or irresponsible, have no more right to interfere between the king and his Hungarian ministers, or Hungarian diet, than these have to interfere between the Emperor of Austria and his Austrian ministers, in matters relating to the Hereditary States. The pretension to submit the decisions of the Hungarian dict, sanctioned by the king, to the approval or disapproval of the Austrian ministers, is too absurd to have been resorted to in good faith. The truth appears to be, that the successes of the gallant veteran Radetzki, and of the Austrian army in Italy, which has so well sustained its ancient reputation, had emboldened the Austrian government to retrace the steps that had been taken by the emperor. Trusting to the movements hitherto successful in Croatia and the Danubian provinces of Hungary -to the absence of the Hungarian army, and of all efficient preparation for defence on the part of the Hungarian government, and elated with military success in Italy-the Austrian ministers resumed their intention to subvert the constitution of Hungary, and to fuse the various parts of the emperor's dominions into one whole. Their avidity to accomplish this object prevented their perceiving the stain they were affixing to the character of the empire, and the honor of the emperor; or the injury they were thereby inflicting on the cause of monarchy all over the world. "Honor and good faith, if driven from every other asylum, ought to find a refuge in the breasts of princes." And the ministers who sully the honor of their confiding prince, do more to injure monarchy, and therefore to endanger the peace and security of society, than the rabble who shout for socialism.

The die was now cast, and the diet appealed to the nation. The people rose en masse. The Hungarian regiments of the line declared for their country. Count Lemberg had been appointed by the king to the command of all the troops stationed in Hungary; but the diet could no longer leave the country at the mercy of the sovereign who had identified himself with the proceedings of its enemies, and they declared the appointment illegal, on the ground that it was not countersigned, as the laws required, by one of the ministers. They called upon the authorities, the citizens, the army, and Gount Lemberg himself, to obey this decree under pain of high treason. Regardless of this proceeding, Count Lemberg hastened to Pesth, and arrived at a moment when the people were flocking from all parts of the country to oppose the army of Jellachich. A cry was raised that the gates of Buda were about to be closed by order of the count, who was at this time recognized by the populace as he passed the bridge towards Buda, and brutally murdered. It was the act of an infuriated mob, for which it is not difficult to account, but which nothing can justify. The diet immediately ordered the murderers to be brought to trial, but they had absconded. This was the only act of popular violence committed in the capital of

The Austrian ministry did not halt in their
They made the emperor-king recall, on Hungary.

course.

CCLXVI.

Ε

On the 29th September, Jellachich was defeated
in a battle fought within twelve miles of Pesth.
The Ban fled, abandoning to their fate the de-
tached corps of his army; and the Croat rear-
guard, ten thousand strong, surrendered with
General Roth and Philipovits, who commanded it.
In detailing the events subsequent to the 11th
of April, 1848, we have followed the Hungarian
manifesto, published in Paris by Count Ladeslas
Teleki, whose character is a sufficient security for
the fidelity of his statements; and the English
translation of that document by Mr. Brown, which
is understood to have been executed under the
count's own eye.
But we have not relied upon
the count along, nor even upon the official docu-
ments he has printed. We have availed ourselves
of other sources of information equally authentic.
One of the documents, which had previously been
transmitted to us from another quarter, and which,
we perceive, has also been printed by the count,
is so remarkable, both because of the persons from
whom it emanates, and the statements it contains,
that although somewhat lengthy, we think it right
to give it entire.

The Roman Catholic Clergy of Hungary to his
Apostolic Majesty, Ferdinand V., King of Hun-

gary.

Representation presented to the Emperor-King, in the name of the Clergy, by the Archbishop of Gran, Primate of Hungary, and by the Archbishop of Erlaw.

Sire! Penetrated with feelings of the most profound sorrow at the sight of the innumerable calamities and the internal evils which desolate our unhappy country, we respectfully address your majesty, in the hope that you may listen with favor to the voice of those, who, after having proved their inviolable fidelity to your majesty, believe it to be their duty, as heads of the Hungarian Church, at last to break silence, and to bear to the foot of the throne their just complaints, for the interests of the church, of the country, and of the monarchy.

These horrors were, however, but the prelude to still greater evils, which were about to fall upon our country. God forbid that we should afflict your majesty with the hideous picture of all our misfortunes! Suffice it to say, that the different races who inhabit your kingdom of Hungary, stirred up, excited one against the other by infernal intrigues, only distinguish themselves by pillage, incendiarism, and murder, perpetrated with the greatest refinement of atrocity.

Sire! The Hungarian nation, heretofore the firmthe incessant attacks of barbarism, often experienced est bulwark of Christianity and civilization against rude shocks in that protracted struggle for life and death; but at no period did there gather over her head so many and so terrible tempests, never was she entangled in the meshes of so perfidious an intrigue, never had she to submit to treatment so cruel, and at the same time so cowardly-and yet, mitted in the name, and, as they assure us, by the oh! profound sorrow! all these horrors are comorder of your majesty.

mans.

Yes, sire! it is under your government, and in the name of your majesty, that our flourishing towns are bombarded, sacked, and destroyed. In the name of your majesty they butcher the Majjars and GerYes, sire! all this is done; and they incessantly repeat it, in the name and by the order of your majesty, who, nevertheless, has proved, in a manner so authentic and so recent, your benevolent and paternal intentions towards Hungary. In the name of your majesty, who, in the last diet of Presburg, yielding to the wishes of the Hungarian nation, and to the exigencies of the time, consented to sanction and confirm by your royal word and oath, the foundation of a new constitution, established on the still broader foundation of a perfectly independent government.

It is for this reason that the Hungarian nation, deeply grateful to your majesty, accustomed also to receive from her king nothing but proofs of goodness really paternal, when he listens only to the dictates of his own heart, and refuses to believe, and we her chief pastors also refuse to believe, that your majesty either knows, or sees with indifference, still less approves, the infamous manner in Sire! We refuse to believe that your majesty is which the enemies of our country, and of our libercorrectly informed of the present state of Hungary. ties, compromise the kingly majesty, arming the popWe are convinced that your majesty, in consequence ulations against each other, shaking the very founof your. being so far away from our unfortunate dations of the constitution, frustrating legally escountry, knows neither the misfortunes which over-tablished powers, seeking even to destroy in the whelm her, nor the evils which immediately threaten hearts of all the love of subjects for their sovereign, her, and which place the throne itself in danger, by saying that your majesty wishes to withdraw unless your majesty applies a prompt and efficacious from your faithful Hungarians the concessions solremedy, by attending to nothing but the dictates of emnly sworn to and sanctioned in the diet; and your own good heart. finally, to wrest from the country her character of Hungary is actually in the saddest and most de-a free and independent kingdom. plorable situation. In the south, an entire race, Already, sire! have these new laws and liberalthough enjoying all the civil and political rights ties, giving the surest guarantees for the freedom recognized in Hungary, has been in open insur- of the people, struck root so deeply in the hearts of rection for several months, excited and led astray the nation, that public opinion makes it our duty to by a party which seems to have adopted the fright-represent to your majesty, that the Hungarian peoful mission of exterminating the Majjar and German ple could not but lose that devotion and veneration, races, which have constantly been the strongest and consecrated and proved on so many occasions, up surest support of your majesty's throne. Number- to the present time, if it was attempted to make less thriving towns and villages have become a prey to the flames, and have been totally destroyed; thousands of Majjar and German subjects are wandering about without food or shelter, or have fallen victims to indescribable cruelty-for it is revolting to repeat the frightful atrocities by which the popular rage, let loose by diabolical excitement, ventures to display itself."

them believe that the violation of the laws, and of the government sanctioned and established by your majesty, is committed with the consent of the king.

But if, on the other hand, we are strongly convinced that your majesty has taken no part in the intrigues so basely woven against the Hungarian people, we are not the less persuaded that that people, taking arms to defend their liberty, have stood

on legal ground, and that in obeying instinctively | ceive our sentiments, but that, mindful of the oath
the supreme law of nations, which demands the safety that you took on the day of your coronation, in the
of all, they have at the same time saved the dignity face of Heaven, not only to defend the liberties of
of the throne and the monarchy, greatly compro-
mised by advisers as dangerous as they are rash.
Sire! We, the chief pastors of the greatest part
of the Hungarian people, know better than any
others their noble sentiments; and we venture to
assert, in accordance with history, that there does
not exist a people more faithful to their monarchs
than the Hungarians when they are governed ac-
cording to their laws.

We guarantee to your majesty, that this people, such faithful observers of order and of the civil laws in the midst of the present turmoils, desire nothing but the peaceable enjoyment of the liberties granted and sanctioned by the throne.

In this deep conviction, moved also by the sacred interests of the country and the good of the church, which sees in your majesty her first and principal defender, we, the bishops of Hungary, humbly entreat your majesty patiently to look upon our country now in danger. Let your majesty deign to think a moment upon the lamentable situation in which this wretched country is at present, where thousands of your innocent subjects, who formerly all lived together in peace and brotherhood on all sides, notwithstanding difference of races, now find themselves plunged into the most frightful misery by their civil wars.

The blood of the people is flowing in torrentsthousands of your majesty's faithful subjects are, some massacred, others wandering about without shelter and reduced to beggary-our towns, our villages, are nothing but heaps of ashes-the clash of arms has driven the faithful people from our temples, which have become deserted-the mourning church weeps over the fall of religion, and the education of the people is interrupted and abandoned. The frightful spectre of wretchedness increases, and develops itself every day under a thousand hideous forms. The morality, and with it the happiness, of the people, disappear in the gulf of civil war. But let your majesty also deign to reflect upon the terrible consequences of these civil wars; not only as regards their influence on the moral and substantial interests of the people, but also as regards their influence upon the security and stability of the monarchy. Let your majesty hasten to speak one of those powerful words which calm tempests! -the flood rises, the waves are gathering, and threaten to engulf the throne!

the people, but to extend them still further-that, mindful of this oath, to which you appeal so often and so solemnly, you will remove from your royal person the terrible responsibility that these impious and bloody wars heap upon the throne, and that you will tear off the tissue of vile falsehoods with which pernicious advisers beset you, by hastening with prompt and strong resolution, to recall peace and order to our country, which was always the firmest prop of your throne, in order that, with divine assistance, that country so severely tried, may again see prosperous days; in order that, in the midst of profound peace, she may raise a monument of eternal gratitude to the justice and paternal benevolence of her king.

Signed at Pesth, the 28th Oct., 1848.

THE BISHOPS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF
HUNGARY.

The Roman Catholic hierarchy of Hungary, it must be kept in mind, have at all times been in close connection with the Roman Catholic court of Austria, and have almost uniformly supported its views. The Archbishop of Gran, Primate of Hungary possesses greater wealth and higher privileges than perhaps any magnate in Hungary.

In this unhappy quarrel Hungary has never demanded more than was voluntarily conceded to her by the emperor-king on the 11th of April, 1848. All she has required has been that faith should be kept with her; that the laws passed by her diet, and sanctioned by her king, should be observed. On the other hand, she is required by Austria to renounce the concessions then made to her by her sovereign-to relinquish the independence she has enjoyed for nine centuries, and to exchange the constitution she has cherished, fought for, loved, and defended, during seven hundred years, for the experimental constitution which is to be tried in Austria, and which has already been rejected by several of the provinces. This contest is but another form of the old quarrel-an attempt on the part of Austria to enforce, at any price, uniformity of system; and a determination on the part of Hungary, at any cost, to resist it.

Let a barrier be speedily raised against those pas of this subject, to which, in the midst of so many We hope next month to resume the consideration sions excited and let loose with infernal art amongst populations hitherto so peaceable. How is it pos- stirring and important events in countries nearer sible to make people who have been inspired with home and better known, it appears to us that too the most frightful thirst-that of blood-return little attention has been directed. We believe that within the limits of order, justice, and moderation? a speedy adjustment of the differences between Who will restore to the regal majesty the origi- Austria and Hungary, on terms which shall cornal purity of its brilliancy, of its splendor, after hav-dially reunite them, is of the utmost importance to ing dragged that majesty in the mire of the most

evil passions? Who will restore faith and confi- the peace of Europe-and that the complications dence in the royal word and oath? Who will ren- arising out of those differences will increase the der an account to the tribunal of the living God, difficulty of arriving at such a solution, the longer of the thousands of individuals who have fallen, and it is delayed. We believe that Austria, distracted fall every day, innocent victims to the fury of civil by a multiplicity of counsels, has committed a great Sire! our duty as faithful subjects, the good of error, which is dangerous to the stability of her the country, and the honor of our religion, have position as a first-rate power; and we should coninspired us to make these humble but sincere re-sider her descent from that position a calamity to monstrances, and have bid us raise our voices! So, Europe.

war?

let us hope that your majesty will not merely re

ety which he has left, is one that will not soon be THE LATE DR. JAMES MACDONALD. filled. We feel that there is no need of the monThe readers of the Living Age may remember that a few years ago we introduced to their notice the extensive umental marble to keep his name and memory He has a far better memorial-he will asylum at Flushing, New York, which had been estab- alive. lished by Dr. Macdonald and his brother. We have now long live in the hearts of those who knew him. to record the death of one whom we were proud to call His name is engraven there, never to be effaced our friend. From many newspaper notices, we copy a as long as reason retains her sway. The sudden few to show the estimation in which he was held by per-stroke which rendered him immortal, fell not only sons competent to judge of him.

Believing, as we do, that he was the highest authority in this country in the branch of his profession to which he had devoted his life, we do not hope that his place can ever be entirely supplied to the institution he found ed. Yet it had been completely organized under his direction, and his plans had been fully carried out-and under the energetic and judicious management of General Macdonald we hope for it a long career of usefulness and prosperity.

From his Neighbors.

within the sacred precincts of his family circle, where it spread desolation in sundering the closest ties, and making fatherless the little flock which was the pride of his heart, and in bereaving his earthly partner of one, whom, it is little to say, she loved-and we know that in that household there is a deep night, which can only be enlightened by him who is "the father of the fatherless and God of the widow"-but, we repeat, the stroke has fallen elsewhere. It is felt within the precincts

The editor of the Flushing Journal of May 12, thus of many a fire-side. It has touched, and opened

announces his death:

This community has sustained a severe loss by the death of Dr. JAMES MACDONALD, one of the proprietors of the Sanford Hall Asylum. Dr. M. was taken ill on Tuesday morning of last week, and on Saturday evening at half past ten o'clock ceased to live. His disease is understood to have been inflammation of one lung and pleurisy of the

other.

Although Dr. M. had been but for a few years a resident of our village, his plain and unassuming manners, his active benevolence, his high attainments as a medical practitioner, and withal his unaffected piety, had secured the universal esteem of every person in this community, without regard to sect, profession or calling. We have scarcely known an instance where respect and esteem for a man had taken such deep hold of the public mind. When his death was announced, the intelligence depressed with grief the whole population. Every one seemed to feel that the village had lost its most estimable citizen. On the afternoon of the funeral the numerous stores and shops of the village were closed; a circumstance we believe unparalleled in the history of the town. The remains of the deceased were followed to their last resting place by a large concourse of friends from our own neighborhood, and from a distance.

As it is probable that a biographical notice of the deceased will emanate from the pen of some one of his friends, more intimately acquainted with his brief, but preeminently useful life, we shall forbear saying other than that his public and domestic character was of that stamp that every parent will point to with pride while holding it up for the imitation of his children.

a fountain of regret in many a heart, and caused many a tongue to give its tribute of praises.

By his death, we feel that one whom we were proud to claim as a fellow-citizen has fallenfallen prematurely to all but himself. us not to speak of him in his profession. That It is little to say, of right belongs to others. however, that in it he had reached to an enviable height in usefulness and eminence. But we may rather view him as a professional Christian man, and it is incurring no risk to say, that, as such, he stood an example in every respect worthy of im

Doctor Macdonald was a man without

itation.
He was a man without an enemy.
reproach.
Even envy had to praise him, and mete out her
reluctant tribute to exalted worth. The generous
feelings of a noble heart, guided by high Chris-
tian principles displayed in meekness and godly
sincerity, prevented those feelings of unkindness
which misunderstanding so often originates be-
tween medical men. Guileless and gentle, he
arraigned no man's motives but his own.
seemed severe toward none but himself.
exercised that scrutiny in respect to his own
motives and actions, which a proud heart exer-
His active, energetic
cises in respect to others.
mind seemed never weary.

Devoted to his profession, and to the cause of humanity, widely were its inspirations felt, and everywhere for good. It had the faculty of grasping great objects. The public hospital and almshouse felt and owned its power in plans of reform, and in the amelioration of the condition of the afflicted and the suffering. His noble and elevated spirit seemed to lead him onward in that field of public usefulness, the treatment of the insane, from which many a tributary flower will be gathered by gratitude and affection to strew upon his grave.

A correspondent of the same paper writes as follows: MR. EDITOR-In your paper of this week, will Almost to the very day of his death he was appear a notice of the death of one of our citi- engaged in plans to alleviate suffering, and to benzens whose name will long be remembered. We efit his fellow-man. This was a work in which allude to that of James Macdonald, M. D. And he seemed never to tire. It was not "the love rarely has this village, and we may say the com- of praise from mortals won," which actuated him munity at large, been called upon to mourn over -few were more unobtrusive and retiring. It the death of a better man. The position in soci- I was not love of wealth-for gratuitous and vol