of.

ing the number of, ii. 358.

Pelham, Henry, his character, i. 284; his death,
299.

Pelhams (the), their ascendency, i. 283; their

accession to power, 297; feebleness of the
opposition to them, 297. See also Newcastle,
Duke of.

Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 100.
Penseroso and Allegro, Milton's, i. 6.
People (the), comparison of their condition in
the 16th and 19th centuries, 116, et seq. ; their
welfare not considered in partition treaties,

242.

Pepys, his praise of the Triple Alliance, ii. 19,

note.

Pericles, his distribution of gratuities among
the members of the Athenian tribunals, i. 382.
Périer, M., translator of the works of Machia-
velli, i. 28.

Persecution, religious, in the reign of Elizabeth,
i. 53, 54; its reactionary effects upon churches
and thrones, 61; in England during the pro-
gress of the Reformation, 226.
Personation, Johnson's want of talent for, 189.
Personification, Robert Montgomery's pen-
chant for, i. 130.

Peshwa, authority and origin of, ii. 206.
Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain,
i. 250; his character, 250. 256, 257; his suc-
cesses on the north-east coast of Spain, 252-
254; his retirement to Valencia thwarted,
256; returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 256;
his recall to England, 256.

Petition of Right, its enactment, i. 198; viola-
tion of it, 198.

Petrarch, i. 5; the first restorer of polite let-
ters into Italy, 32; interest excited by his
loves, 164.

Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their
merits and genuineness, ii. 46-48.
Philarchus for Phylarchus, i. 171.
Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendour of his
empire, i. 236, et seq.

Philip III. of Spain, his accession, i. 246; his
character, 246. 248; his choice of a wife, 248;
is obliged to fly from Madrid, 254; surrender
of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 255;
defeated at Almenara, and again driven from
Madrid, 257; forms a close alliance with his
late competitor, 262; quarrels with France,
262; value of his renunciation of the crown
of France, 262, 263.
Philip le Bel, ii. 133.

Phillipeaux, Abbé, his account of Addison's
mode of life at Blois, ii. 325.

Philips, John, author of the Splendid Shilling,
ii. 333; specimen of his poetry in honour of
Marlborough, 333; the poet of the English
vintage, 382.

Philips, Sir Robert, i. 379.
Phillipps, Ambrose, ii. 338.

Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, i. 389,
390; its stationary character, 392. 399; its
alliance with Christianity, 392, 393; its fall,
393, 394; its merits compared with the Ba-
conian, 399, 400; reason of its barrenness,
407, 408.

Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian
system, i. 402.

Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was
viewed by the ancients, i. 389-393; chief
peculiarity of Bacon's, 389, 390.

Pindar and the Greek drama, i. 8.

Hastings, ii. 227. 231; his asperity towards
Francis, 228; his speech in support of Fox's
motion against Hastings, 231, 232; his motive,
233; his eloquence, 235; his combination
with Fox against Addington, 241.

Pius V., his bigotry, ii. 79; his austerity and
zeal, 138.

Pius VI., his captivity and death, ii. 148; his
funeral rites long withheld, 148.
Plagiarism, instances of R. Montgomery's, i.
127, 128.

Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and
merit, ii. 160. 165; its libertinism, 165.
Plassey, battle of, ii. 102-105; its effect in
England, 109.

Plato, comparison of his views with those of
Bacon, i. 394-399; excelled in the art of dia-
logue, ii. 45.

Plautus, his Casina, i. 41.
Plays, English, of the age of Elizabeth, i. 154.
Plebeian, Steele's, ii. 358.
Plomer, Sir T., one of the counsel for Hastings
on his trial, ii. 235.

Plutarch, his evidence of gifts being given to
judges in Athens, i. 382; his anecdote of Ly-
sias's speech before the Athenian tribunals, ii.

50.

Poetry, definition of, i. 4; character of South-
ey's, 101; character of Robert Montgomery's,
126-132; wherein that of our times differs
from that of the last century, 152; laws of, 154,
155, 156; unities in, 154; its end, 156; alleged
improvements in, since the time of Dryden,
157; the interest excited by Byron's, 163;
Dr. Johnson's standard of, 186; Addison's
opinion of Tuscan, ii. 334.

Poland, contest between Protestantism and
Catholicism in, ii. 139. 143.
Pole, Cardinal, i. 223.

Politeness, definition of, i. 183.
Politian, allusion to, i. 125.

Pondicherry, ii. 91; its occupation by the Eng-
lish, 206.

Poor (the), their condition in the 16th and 19th
centuries, i. 116, et seq.; in England and on
the Continent, 118-120.
Poor-rates (the), lower in manufacturing than
in agricultural districts, i. 104.

Pope, his independence of spirit, i. 123; his
translation of Homer's description of a moon-
light night, 153; relative "correctness" of
his poetry, 153; Byron's admiration of him,
159; praise of him, by Cowper, 159; his cha
racter, habits, and condition, 181, 182; his
dislike of Bentley, 456; his acquaintance
with Wycherley, ii. 162, 163; his appreciation
of the literary merits of Congreve, 173; the
originator of the heroic couplet, 323; his
testimony to Addison's talking powers, 337;
his Rape of the Lock his best poem, 349; his
prologue to Cato, 349; his Essay on Criti-
cism warmly praised in the Spectator, 349;
his intercourse with Addison, 349; his hatred
of Dennis, 349; his estrangement from Addi-
son, 351; his suspicious nature, 353; his
satire of Addison, 355, 356.

Popes, review of Ranke's History of the, ii.
127-149.

Popham, Major, ii. 217.

Popish Plot, circumstances which assisted the
belief in, i. 329-331.

Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peter-
borough, i. 253.

him, i. 362.

ii. 390.

Porto Carrero, Cardinal, i. 243-245; Louis |
XIV.'s opinion of him, 248; his disgrace and
reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 254.
Port Royal, its destruction a disgrace to the
Jesuits and to the Romish Church, ii. 146,
Portugal, its retrogression in prosperity com-
pared with Denmark, ii. 145.
Posidonious, his eulogy of philosophy as minis-
tering to human comfort, i. 389.
Post Nati, the great case in the Exchequer
Chamber, conducted by Bacon, i. 368; doubts
upon the legality of the decision, 368.
Power, political, religious belief ought not to
exclude from, i. 140.

Pratt, Charles, ii. 366; Chief Justice, 397;
created Lord Camden, and entrusted with
the seals, 399.

Predestination, doctrine of, i. 144.
Prerogative, royal, its advance, i. 73; in the
16th century, 226. 228; its curtailment by the
Revolution, 275; proposed by Bolingbroke
to be strengthened, 276. See also Crown.
Press, Milton's defence of its freedom, i. 26;
its emancipation after the Revolution, 92;
remarks on its freedom, 114; censorship of
in the reign of Elizabeth, 226; its influence
on the public mind after the Revolution, ii.

324.
Prince, The, of Machiavelli, general condem-
nation of it, i. 28; dedicated to the younger
Lorenzo de Medici, 46; compared with Mon-
tesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 48.

Princes, royal, right of Parliament to direct
their education and marriage, i. 74.
Printing, its inventor, and the date of its dis-
covery unknown, ii. 392.

Prior, Matthew, his modesty compared with
Aristophanes and Juvenal, ii. 150.
Private judgment, Milton's defence of the right
of, i. 26; Mr. Gladstone's notions of the
rights and abuses of, ii. 65-71.
Privileges of the House of Commons, change
in public opinion in respect to them, i. 95.
See also Parliament.

Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconsti-
tution, ii. 28; Mr. Courtenay's opinion of
its absurdity contested, 28. 33; Barillon's
remarks upon it, 29.

Progress of mankind in the political and phy-
sical sciences, i. 319-321; in intellectual
freedom, 358, the key of the Baconian doc-
trine, 389; how retarded by the unprofitable-
ness of ancient philosophy, 390-397; during
the last 250 years, ii. 128.
Prosperity, national, i. 108.

Protector (the), character of his administra-
tion, i. 21.

Protestant Nonconformists in the reign of
Charles I., their intolerance, i. 210.
Protestantism, its early history, i. 226; its
doctrine touching the right of private judg-
ment, ii. 71; light which Ranke has thrown
upon its movements, 128, 129; its victory in
the northern parts of Europe, 134; its
failure in Italy, 134; effect of its outbreak
in any one part of Christendom, 134. 139;
its contest with Catholicism in France, Po-
land, and Germany, 139-141; its stationary
character, 148, 149.
Protestants and Catholics, their relative num-
bers in the 16th century, i. 230.
Provence, its language, literature, and civilisa-
tion in the 12th century, ii. 131, 132.
Prussia, king of, subsidised by the Pitt and
Newcastle ministry, i. 308; influence of Pro-
testantism upon her, ii. 145.
Prynne, i. 201. 204.

Public opinion, its power, i. 276.

Public spirit an antidote against bad govern-
ment, i. 228, 229; a safeguard against legal
oppression, 228, 229.

Publicity (the) of parliamentary proceedings,
influence of, i. 275; ii. 370.
Pulci, allusion to, i. 33.
Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole,
i. 289; moved the address to the king on
the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 292;
his unpopularity, 296; accepts a peerage,
296; compared with Chatham, ii. 400.
Pundits of Bengal, their jealousy of foreigners,
ii. 223.

Punishment, warning not the only end of, i. 64.
Punishment and reward, the only means by
which government can effect its ends, ii. 155.
Puritanism, effect of its prevalence upon the
national taste, ii. 154; the restraints it im-
posed, 156; reaction against it, 156.

Puritans (the), character and estimate of them,
i. 23-26; hatred of them by James I., 60;
effect of their religious austerity, 114; John-
son's contempt for their religious scruples,
184; their persecution by Charles I., 201;
settlement of, in America, 204; blamed for
calling in the Scots, 207; defence of them
against this accusation, 207; difficulty and
peril of their leaders, 211; the austerity of
their manners drove many to the royal stan-
dard, 217; their position at the close of the
reign of Elizabeth, 357; violent outbreak of
public feeling against them at the Restora-
tion, ii. 120: their oppression by Whitgift,
141; their faults in the day of their power,
and their consequences, 156, 157.
Puritans and Papists, persecution of, by Eliza-
beth, i. 53.

Pym, John, his influence, i. 208; Lady Carlisle's
warning to him, 212; his impeachment or-
dered by the king, 212.

Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham,
ii. 387.

Pyramid, the Great, Arab fable concerning it,
ii. 148.

Rabbinical learning, work on, by Rev. L. Ad-
dison, ii. 319.

Racine, his Greeks far less "correctly" drawn
than those of Shakspeare, i. 153; his Iphigé
nie an anachronism, 153; passed the close of
his life in writing sacred dramas, ii. 325.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, i. 235; his varied acquire-
ments, 235; his position at Court at the close
of the reign of Elizabeth, 358; his execution,
373.

Ramsey, Court painter to George III., ii. 378.
Ramus, i. 393.

Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the
Popes, ii. 127 149; his qualifications as an
historian, 127. 148.

Rape of the Lock (the), Pope's best poem, ii.
349; recast by its author, 353.
Reader, Steele's, ii. 352.

Rebellion, the Great, and the Revolution, ana-
logy between them, i. 16. 20.
Rebellion in Ireland in 1640, i. 210.

Reform, the process of, often necessarily at-

Refugees, ii, 309.

Regicides of Charles I., disapproval of their
conduct, i. 20, 21; injustice of the imputa-
tions cast on them, 20, 21.
Regium Donum, ii. 75.

Regulating Act, its introduction by Lord North,
and change which it made in the form of the
Indian government, ii. 196. 203. 208; power
which it gave to the Chief Justice, 210.
Religion, national establishment of, i. 110; its
connection with civil, government, 110, et seq.;
its effects upon the policy of Charles I., and
of the Puritans, 114; no disqualification for
the safe exercise of political power, 141; the
religion of the English in the 16th century,
232, 233; what system of, should be taught
by a government, ii. 80; no progress made
in the knowledge of natural religion, since
the days of Thales, 129; revealed, not of the
nature of a progressive science, 129.
Remonstrant, allusion to Milton's Animadver-
sions on the, i. 27.
Representative government, decline of, i. 73.
Restoration (the), degenerated character of
our statesmen and politicians in the times
succeeding it, i. 84, 85; low standard of poli-
tical morality after it, 86; violence of party
and low state of national feeling after it, 90;
that of Charles II. and of Louis XVIII.
contrasted, 324, 325; its effects upon the
morals and manners of the nation, ii. 156,
157.

Retrospective law, is it ever justifiable? i. 64,
65. 79; warranted by a certain amount of
public danger, 209.

Revolution (the), its principles often grossly
misrepresented, i. 15; analogy between it
and the "Great Rebellion," 16. 20; its effect
on the character of public men, 91; freedom
of the press after it, 92; its effects, 92; minis-
terial responsibility since, 93; review of
Mackintosh's History of, 310-326.
Revolution, the French, its social and political
consequences, i. 224, 225. 316, 317; warnings
which preceded it, ii. 145-147.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, ii. 235.
Richardson, ii. 292.

Richelieu, Cardinal, ii. 144.
Richmond, Duke of, ii. 406.
Rigby, secretary for Ireland, ii. 366.

Riots, public, during Grenville's administra-
tion, ii. 390.

Robertson, Dr., i. 404; Scotticisms in his
works, ií. 327.

Robespierre, ii. 147; analogy between his fol-
lowers and those of Kniperdoling, i. 225.

Rochefort, threatening of, i. 307.
Rochester, Earl of, i. 335. 412. ii. 49.
Rockingham, Marquess of, his characteristics,
ii. 392; parallel between his party and the
Bedfords, 392; accepts the Treasury, 392;
patronises Burke, 392; proposals of his ad-
ministration on the American Stamp Act,
394. 396; his dismissal, 398; his services,
398; his moderation towards the new mi-
nistry, 400; his relation to Chatham, 404;
advocated the independence of the United
States, 405.

Rockinghams and Bedfords, parallel between
them, ii. 392.

Roe, Sir Thomas, ii. 116.

Rohillas, description of them, ii. 192.
Rome, ancient, bribery at, ii. 382.
Rome, Church of, effect of the Reformation on
it, i. 240; its encroaching disposition, 329;
its policy, 335; its antiquity, ii. 128. See also
Church of Rome.

Rooke, Sir George, his capture of Gibraltar,
i. 250; his fight with a French squadron near
Malaga, 250; his return to England, 250.
Rosamond, Addison's opera of, ii. 334.
Roundheads (the), their literature, i. 14; their
successors in the reign of George I. turned
courtiers, ii, 363.

Rousseau, his sufferings, i. 164; Horace Wal-
pole's opinion of him, 269.

Rowe, his verses to the Chloe of Holland
House, ii. 356.

Royalists (the) of the time of Charles I., i. 25;
many of them true friends to the Constitu-
tion, 72; some of the most eminent formerly
in opposition to the court, i. 210.
Royalists, constitutional, in the reign of
Charles I., i. 210, 212.

Rupert, Prince, i. 218; his encounter with
Hampden at Chalgrove, 219.

Russell, Lord, i. 90; his conduct in the new
council, ii. 41; his death, 42.
Russia and Poland, diffusion of wealth in, as
compared with England, i. 119.
Rutland, Earl of, his character, i. 378.
Ruyter, Admiral de, ii. 22.
Rymer, i. 186.