the lowest inhabitant of heaven. It has nevertheless been an invariable property of the human species, from the first Creation to the present moment, that their propensities, affections, and faculties, have been capable, in different degrees under different circumstances, of control, cultivation, and enlargement. This capacity is manifested in the history of mankind, and is inseparable from a state of probation. We have seen it acknowledged in the Scriptures of the Old Testament, and expressly declared by an inspired Apostle when speaking of the Gentiles prior to the coming of Christ; and I shall now proceed to shew, that abundant proof of some discrimination of moral character, and of some power of religious improvement, is found in the parts of the New Testament, which relate to those, who heard the preaching of our Saviour, and to whom the glad tidings of the Gospel were afterwards conveyed.

"I am not come," says Christ, 66 to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance (f)" we may therefore affirm, upon the authority of our Blessed Saviour himself, that there is at least a degree of righteousness in some men. I am aware that Commentators, who wish to reconcile this passage to the Calvinistic system, explain the

(f) Matt. c. 9. v. 13.

word

And

word "Righteous" by "those who consider themselves righteous:" but it is evident from the occasion on which this declaration was made, that the word will not admit of that interpretation; "And it came to pass as Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples. when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners? But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. But go ye, and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy and not sacrifice; for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." "By the righteous, (says Whitby, very justly,) we are not to understand those who are only righteous in their own conceits, such as the Pharisees were, who justified themselves before men (g), and trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others (h), in comparison of themselves; for such are not whole, but have great need of the spiritual physician; and such especially the Gospel calleth to repentance '(i).— Moreover, the word sinners here imports such persons

(g) Luke, c. 16. V. 15.
(i) Matt. c. 3. v. 8, 9, & 10.

(h) Luke, c. 18. v. 9. Rev. c. 3. v. 19.

persons as live in a customary practice of sin, so that the tenor of their lives is wicked, and who are therefore to be called to that repentance which consists in the change of their lives, from the service of sin to holiness, from slavery to Satan to the fear of God; and therefore, by the righteous who need no repentance, we are not to understand those who are entirely free from sin; for so, there is not a just man upon earth, nor any man who is not a sinner (k); but those who are truly and sincerely righteous, have truly reformed their lives, who carefully endeavour to abstain from all known sins, and set themselves sincerely to the performance of their whole duty both to God and man, and so are righteous and acceptable in the sight of God; in which sense Job was righteous and eschewed evil; Zacharias and Elizabeth were righteous, walking in all the commandments of the Lord (1); and Simeon (m); and so they needed not that repentance which consists in the change of the life from a course of sinning to a living unto God." By the word "righteous" then, in this and several other passages of Scripture, we are to understand those who are comparatively righteous, which is fully sufficient

(k) Job, c. 9. v. 2. Eccl. c. 7. v. 20. 1 Kings, c. 8. v. 46. Jas. c. 3. v. 2. 1 John, c. I. v. 8.

(1) Luke, c. 1. v. 6.

I

(m) Luke, c. 2. v. 25.

sufficient for our doctrine; men who had some sense of moral and religious obligation, and en deavoured to act in conformity to it: such persons did not want Merάvoia, a complete change of mind, an entire abandonment of old habits. Persons of this character are expressly acknow ledged in the New Testament, Joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons which need no repentance (n)."

Let us next consider the Parable of the Sower, and particularly the explanation of that seed which fell on good ground, and sprang up, and bare fruit; "that on the good ground," says Christ," are they which in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience (9):" here we have again our Saviour's authority for saying, that there is some honesty, some goodness of heart in the human race; and that different men possess these virtuous qualities in different degrees, since of the seed which fell upon good ground, some brought forth" an hundred fold, some sixty, some thirty (p)." And surely the admonition which follows this Parable, "Take heed therefore how ye hear (q)," implies, that the impression,

(n) Luke, c. 15. v. 7. (p) Matt. c. 13. v. 23.

which

(a) Luke, c. 8. v.
15.
(9) Luke, c. 8. v. 18.

which the truths of the Gospel make upon the minds of men, depends upon the manner in which they attend to them, that is, upon the exercise of their own reason and free-will. To what purpose would this advice be given, if men had not the power of resisting the wiles of the devil, of supporting the trials of persecution, and of withstanding the temptations of the riches and pleasures of this world, the three causes to which our Saviour ascribes the failure of religious instruction?

Christ said to his disciples," Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; -knock, and it shall be opened unto you; for every one that asketh, receiveth; and he that seeketh, findeth; and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened (r)." These commands to ask, to seek, and to knock, prove, that our Saviour required some voluntary steps to be still taken by those who were already persuaded of the divine origin of the doctrines which he taught: and his assurance that every one that asketh, receiveth; that he that seeketh, findeth; and that it shall be opened

(r) Matt. c. 7. v. 7 & 8. We find a similar doctrine in the Old Testament, "The Lord is with you, while ye be with him; and if ye seek him, he will be found of you; but if ye forsake him, he will forsake you." 2 Chron. c. 15. v. 2.