HISTORY OF THE WORLD A comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations VOLUME XXII-THE BRITISH COLONIES The Outlook Company New York The History Association London COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS. All rights reserveā. Press of J. J. Little & Co. Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin. Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France. Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University. Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan. Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin. Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University. Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg. Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society. Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin. Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University. Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen. Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary. Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris. Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna. Prof. W. L. Fleming, University of West Virginia. Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin. CONTENTS VOLUME XXII Population of the empire, 2. Divisions and growth of the empire, 5. Adminis- tration of the empire, 9. Industry and trade, 14. Defence of the empire, 18. The Mohammedan conquest; Mahmud of Ghazni, 22. The Afghan dynasty of Ghor; the Slave Kings, Ala-ud-Din, Firoz, and Tughlak, 23. The Mughal invaders: Timur and Baber, 23. The great Akbar, Guardian of Mankind," 26. Selim and Shah Jahan, 32. Early dynasties in southern India: Madura; the Deccan, 33. The reign of Aurangzeb, 35. Sir Henry Lawrence on Sivaji, 35. The glory of Au- rangzeb, 37. Last years of Aurangzeb, 38. The decline of the Mughal and the THE EUROPEAN EMPIRE IN INDIA: THE RISE OF CLIVE (1498-1774 A.D.). 40 Portuguese and Dutch settlements, 40. The English East India Company founded, 42. English collisions with the Portuguese and the Dutch, 43. The French settle- ments: La Bourdonnais and Dupleix, 44. French victories over the English, 46. The ambitions and successes of Dupleix, 47. The rise of Robert Clive, 49. The last days of Dupleix, 52. Colonel Malleson thus characterises Dupleix, 53. Clive's return as governor, 54. Siraj-ud-Daula, 54. The Black Hole of Calcutta, 54. English alliance with the Nawab, 56. The British in India, 56. Clive's duplicity towards Omichund, 58. Battle of Plassey, 59. Clive returns again to England, 61. The arrival of Count Lally, French successes, 63. English naval successes, 65. End of the French power in India, 66. The fate of Lally, 67. English conflicts with the natives, 67. Massacre of Patna, 68. Battle of Baxar, 69. Discords and intrigues in England, 71. Clive's last administration, 72. The successes of Hyder Ali, 73. Evil days for the |