QUESTIONS. Of what does chapter 6, treat? What characteristicks of delivery are included under the term, action ? What kind of action is most highly recommended? What kind of language is conveyed by gesticulation and expression of countenance? What is said of art and cultivation in action?-What, of copying from others? What should be the leading object of a publick speaker? What constitutes a proper dignity of mien ? What should a speaker do with his eyes? In order to become glowing and truly eloquent, what is requisite in a speaker? Does visible art assist in oratory? Does cultivation? On what are the rules of science founded? What is said of a slight degree of extravagant warmth in a speaker? -Should he always be in earnest ? What is said about confining the eyes too much to the book in read ing? Is an affected manner admissible in a preacher ?-What then? Is it important that a clergyman possess a critical knowledge of ku man nature? PART II. CHAPTER I. SELECTIONS IN PROSE AND POETRY SECTION I. SELECT PARAGRAPHS. Beautiful Metaphor.—IRVING. 1. It is interesting to notice how some minds seem almost to create themselves', springing up under every disadvantage', and working their solitary', but irresistible', way through a thousand obstacles'. Nature seems to delight in disappointing the assiduities of art', with which it would rear legitimate dulness to maturity', and to glory in the vigour and luxuriance of her chance productions'. She scatters the seeds of genius to the winds, and', though some may perish among the stony places of the world', and some be choked by the thorns and brambles of early adversity', yet', others will now and then strike root even in the clefts of the rock, struggle bravely up into sunshine', and spread over their steril birthplace all the beauties of vegetation'. REMARKS ON SECTION I. Articulation.-In reading these selections, the first thing to be attended to, is a clear and distinct articulation of every word, and every syllable, and every letter of each syllable, silent letters only excepted. Modulation-The second important requisite is, to vary the intonation with all the different modulations of the voice which a just and a happy elocution requires. This direction refers to all the varied movements of the voice, considered in regard to pitch, tone, inflection, stress, and cadence, and especially to the prolongation of the tonick and subtonick elements. Inflection. In reading the 1st paragraph, the rising inflection takes place at the words "disadvantage," "maturity," and "sunshine," in accordance with Rule 7, page 82; and the falling, is made at "them selves" and "winds," agreeably to Exception 1, to Rule 7. The rising inflection occurs at "world" and "adversity," according to Exception Beautiful Simile.—IB. 2. As the vine', which has long twined its graceful foliage about the oak', and been lifted by it into sunshine', will', when the hardy plant is rifted by the thunderbolt', cling round i with its caressing tendrils', and bind up its shattered boughs', so is it beautifully ordered by Providence', that woman', who is the mere dependant and ornament of man in his happier hours', should be his stay and solace when smitten with sudden calamity'; winding herself into the rugged recesses of his nature', tenderly supporting the drooping head', and binding up the broken heart'. Volcanoes.-FLINT. 3. Nature has reserved mountains as the machinery for putting forth her sublimest spectacles'. Her most imposing mysteries are accomplished among the snows and storms that envelop their summits', while the central fires that burn beneath their roots', have been contemplated in all time', as the most terrifick manifestations of his power'. As we mount these ancient piles', majestick solitudes', a purer air', fresher vegetation', flowers of more brilliant hues', the enlargement of the horizon, the expansion of mind', and thoughts more serene and meditative', seem to whisper us that', in climbing the domes of the temple of nature', we are approaching the throne of the Eternal Being who fills nature with his presence'. 99.66 2, to the same rule: and this same Exception applies to the inflection at" vine, oak," ,""sunshine," "will," "thunderbolt," "boughs," "Providence," " woman," and "hours," in the 2nd paragraph. The word head," in paragraph 2nd, takes the rising inflection, according to Rule 7. In paragraph 3d, the words " solitudes," "air," and "vegetation," "hues," horizon," ," and "mind," are inflected according to a licensed use of the rules for inflecting a commencing, compound series. In the 4th paragraph, the words "come," " totter," " fire,' world," and "dim," 99 66 nation,' despotism," ," "glory," and "freemen," take the rising inflection, agreeably to Exception 2, to Rule 7. Emphasis.-In paragraph 1st, the idea of some minds' creating themselves, is contrasted with the implied idea of other minds which are supposed not to create themselves. See page 112. Though some might expect nature to grieve, yet she " 'seems to delight, in disappointing the assiduities of art." But the emphasis on delight," as well as on "chance,' winds," "stony," "adversity," clefts," and "rock," may be properly referred to the principle contained in Rule 2, page 115, and be denominated emphasis of specification. 99 66 99 66 The emphatick force which falls upon "vine" and "woman,” in the 2nd paragraph, is antithelick, according to Rule 1, page 112. Bunker-Hill Monument. 4. How different is the scene which we this day behold', from that which was displayed on this spot fifty years ago. The traces of havock have been erased by the hand of time'. The farmer's boy now sips his beverage beside the blue stream once crimsoned with human gore'.-Where banners and plumes went down amid the shock of battle', now the golden harvest waves its yellow sheaves'. Where rolled the purple stream of blood', is now beheld the gambols of childhood and the frolick of youth'. The angel of peace now hovers over her domestick altars with outspread wings'. If the time ever come', when this mighty fabrick shall totter'; when the beacon of joy that now rises in a pillar of fire', a sign and a wonder of the world', shall wax dim', the cause will be found in the ignorance of the people. If our Union is still to continue to cheer the hopes and animate the oppressed of every nation'; if our fields are to be untrodden by the hirelings of despotism'; if long days of blessedness are to attend our country in her career of glory'; if you would have the sun continue to shed unclouded rays upon the face of freemen', then', educate all the children in the land'. This alone', startles the tyrant in his dreams of power', and rouses the slumbering energies of an oppressed people'. It is INTELLIGENCE that reared up the majestick columns of our national glory'; and this alone can prevent them from crumbling into ashes'. The name of the particular subject of remark or discourse, as it is antithetically employed when considered in reference to any and every other subject that might be brought under consideration, always becomes emphatick. Hence, the word "mountains," in paragraph 3d, requires a moderate degree of the median stress. In these remarks, Mr. Flint does not wish to call our attention to valleys, rivers, lakes, or occans, but particularly to mountains.—Thus we have revealed the true philosophy of that percussive force called emphasis: and the inquiring mind that follows out this principle, as it pervades, more or less, every sentence uttered, and regulates every species of emphatick force, will be no less delighted with its simplicity, than astonished at its extent. But, in this example, again, as far as any practical purpose is to be subserved, and perhaps, too, as far as accuracy is concerned, it would be better to style the emphatick force which falls on mountains," and that still slighter degree which falls on "mysteries," " fires," "solitudes," "air," "vegetation," and so forth, emphasis of specification, in accordance with Rule 2. The same rule may also be applied to "ignorance," "people," "educate, all," and "intelligence," in paragraph 4th. tr Many of the emphatick words in these paragraphs, are not marked; and many that are marked, it would be too tedious to comment upon. Rhetorical Pause.-In section 1st, the rhetorical pauses are not marked, or indicated by dots. A just elocution requires them to be observed, SECTION II. SELECT PARAGRAPHS. Alexander Hamilton.-WEBSTER. 1. The reports of his speeches', imperfect as they probably are', yet remain as lasting monuments of his genius and patriotism'. He saw', at last', his hopes fulfilled: he saw the Constitution adopted', and the government under it', established and organized'. The discerning eye of Washington immediately called him to a post', infinitely the most important in the administration of the new system'. He was made Secretary of the Treasury; and how he fulfilled the duties of such a place', at such a time', the whole country perceived with delight', and the whole world', with admiration. He smote the rock of the national resources', and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of the publick credit', and it sprang upon its feet'. The fabled birth of Minerva', from the brain of Jove', was hardly more sudden or more perfect. than the financial system of the United States which burst forth from the conceptions of ALEXANDER HAMILTON'. 39 66 however, in many places in these examples. In reading paragraph 1st, a slight pause of this sort should occur after the words "way,' nature," the second "some," "others," "root," and "birthplace." In reading the third paragraph, a slight rhetorical pause should be made after the words " "" 66 nature,' mountains," "mysteries," and the phrase "whisper us." In enunciating the 4th paragraph, this pause is proper after the words havock" "peace," ," "will be found," "educate," and "INTELLIGENCE." REMARKS ON SECTION II. The leading remarks applicable to the various paragraphs of Section 2, amount to nothing more than a repetition of those already applied to Section 1. Very few will, therefore, be presented. The young reader cannot be too particular, however, in his attention to a distinct articulation and a correct orthoepy, in addition to the attention required in appropriately applying the rules for inflection, emphasis, pause, and so forth-not only in enunciating the examples in this section, but, also, in reading every piece he may be called on to pronounce. Inflection.-In the 1st paragraph, the word" Treasury" being emphatick, takes the falling inflection, in accordance with Exception 1, to Rule 7, page 82. This sentence is brought under the rule, or Exception, by considering that portion of it which follows the word Treasury, one compound member, answering to the simple member which closes with Treasury. In paragraph 2nd, the rising inflection takes place at "words," "rhetorick," " "declamation," and "inane," in accordance with Rule 2, |