PART I. CHAP. I. be expected where so many causes never ceased to operate." | 37. Novum Testamentum Græcum; juxta exemplar Wet(Bp. Marsh's Divinity Lectures, part ii. p. 23.) This edition is not yet completed. The second volume is to contain the Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypse. The work is very neatly printed.

32. Evangelium secundum Matthæum, ex Codice Rescripto in Bibliotheca Collegii SSæ. Trinitatis juxta Dublin: Descriptum Opera et Studio Johannes BARRETT, S. T. P. Soc. Sen. Trin. Coll. Dublin. Cui adjungitur Appendix Collationem Codicis Montfortiani complectens. Dublini: Edibus Academicis excudebat R. E. Mercier, Academiæ Typographus, 1801. 4to. The prolegomena fill fifty-two pages, and comprise, 1. A description of the manuscript itself, with an account of its age, and the mode of collating it adopted by the learned editor; and, 2. An elaborate dissertation reconciling the apparent discrepancies between the genealogies of Jesus Christ as recorded by the Evangelists Matthew and Luke. The fragments of the Codex Rescriptus are then exhibited in sixty-four fac-simile plates, and are also represented in as many pages in the common Greek small type. This truly elegant volume concludes with a collation of the Codex Montfortianus with Wetstein's edition of the New Testament, which occupies thirty-five pages. An account of this manuscript is given in Part I. of the first volume.

33. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Recognovit atque insigniores lectionum varietates et argumentorum notationes subjecit Geo. Christian. KNAPPIUS. Halæ, 1797, 8vo.; 2d edit. 1813, 2 vols. 8vo.; 3d edit. 1824, 2 vols. 8vo.; 4th edit. 1829, 2 vols. 8vo.; Londoni, 1824, 2 vols. in one, 8vo.

stenii, Glasguæ, et J. J. Griesbachii, Hale impressum: accedunt Prolegomena in Evangelia, in Acta, et in Epistolas Apostolorum. Accurante Gulielmo Whitfield DAKINS. Editio Stereotypa, Londini, 1808, royal 8vo. Numerous subsequent editions are in 12mo.

38. Novum Testamentum Græcum et Latinum, secundùm curam Leusdenii et Griesbachii, editum ab A. H. AITTON. Lugduni Batavorum, 1809. 18mo.

A neat impression, into the text of which the editor has introduced most of Griesbach's emendations.

39. Testamentum Novum Græcè, ad fidem Recensionis Schoettgenianæ; addita ex Griesbachii apparatu Lectionis varietate præcipuæ. Upsala, 1820. 8vo.

A reprint of Schoettgenius's text, which has been noticed in p. 12. of this Appendix, with the addition of select various readings from Griesbach. 40. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Ad fidem optimorum librorum recensuit A. H. TITTMANNUS. Lipsiæ, 1820, 18mo. Lipsiæ, 1824, 8vo.

The text of the edition in 18mo. is a corrected one; that is, Professor Tittman has inserted in it such various readings as are in his judgment preferable to those commonly received, and which have been approved by the most eminent critics; and he has printed an index of the altered passages at the end of the volume. Its portability, in addition to its intrinsic excellence, is no mean recommendation of it to students of the New Testament; the Greek characters, though small, being very distinctly and neatly stereotyped. The 8vo. edition of the same text is beautifully stereotyped. There are copies of both editions on fine paper.

41. Ἡ ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum Manuale. Glasguæ, ex Prelo Academico: impensis Rivingtons et Cochran, Londini, 1821. 32mo.

This edition contains the Greek text only: it follows the text of Aitton, except in a few instances, in which the received readings are supported by the best authorities, and consequently are most to be preferred. This edition is beautifully printed on the finest bluetinted writing paper: it was read SIX TIMES, with the utmost care, in passing through the press, and will be found to be unusually accurate. No contractions are used.

In this edition of the New Testament, which received the warm approbation of Griesbach in his preface to the splendid edition above noticed, Dr. Knappe has availed himself of Griesbach's labours; and has admitted into the text not only those readings which the latter considered to be of undoubted authority, but likewise some others which Dr. K. himself regarded as such, but without distinguishing either of them. Such words, also, as it might on the same grounds be thought right to exclude from the text, as not originally belonging to it, are here enclosed in brackets, partly of the common kind, and partly formed on purpose for this edition. The most probable readings are marked with an asterisk: to all of them the word alii is prefixed, in order to distinguish them from the rest of these lections, which in reality are those in which the exegetical student is chiefly interested. Great attention is paid to typographical and grammatical accuracy, to the accents, and to the punctuation, which differ in this edition from those of Leusden, or Gerard von Maestricht, in more than three hundred places. Very 42. Novum Testamentum Græco-Latinum. Vulgata Interuseful summaries are likewise added under the text. This valuable edition is not common in England. The second impression, pub-pretatione Latina Editionis Clementis VIII. Græco Textui ad Lished in two volumes, in 1813, is very neatly printed, and is cor- Editionem Complutensem diligentissime expresso e regione rected throughout. In editing it, Dr. K. has availed himself of opposita. Studio et curâ Petri Aloysii GRATZ. Tubinge, 1821, Griesbach's second volume, which was not published when his 1828. 2 tomis, 8vo. first edition appeared. The third edition is a neat reprint of the second, of which the London edition is also a reprint. The fourth edition is revised with great care, and the additions at the end are arranged in a more convenient form.

country. The first part or volume contains the four Gospels; the An edition which is not of very common occurrence in this second, the remaining Books of the New Testament. The Greek text is a reprint of that in the Complutensian Polyglott, with the exception of the contractions, and the correction of some orthographic errors: opposite to this is the Latin Vulgate version, according to the Clementine Recension. At the foot of each page are exhibited various readings, from Robert Stephens's third edition, printed in 1550; from Matthæi's critical edition, and from Griesbach's last edition. To the labours of these editors Professor Gratz pays a brief but high tribute of commendation. In order to ensure correctness, the proof sheets were repeatedly read by the editor Jerome on the four Gospels, addressed to Damasus, bishop of Rome and his friends. After the editor's preface, follow the preface of and Pope Clement VIII.'s preface to his edition of the Latin Vul gate Bible: together with a synopsis of the four Gospels, and parallel passages. The fine paper copies are very beautiful books: there is one in the library of the BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY, from an examination of which the preceding description is drawn up. The frequent appeals made to the Complutensian text, and the extreme rarity of that Polyglott, concur to render this edition by Professor Gratz an acceptable present to the biblical critic.

43. Novum Testamentum. Textum Græcum Griesbachii et Knappii denuò recognovit, Delectu Varietatum Lectionis Testimoniis confirmatarum, Adnotatione cùm Criticà tùm Exegeticâ et Indicibus Historico et Geographico, Vocum Græcarum Infrequentiorum et Subsidiorum Criticorum Exegeticorumque, instruxit Joannes Severinus VATER, Theol. Doct. et Prof. Hal.

Halis Saxonum, 1824. 8vo.

36. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Lectiones Variantes, Griesbachii judicio, iis quas textus receptus exhibet anteponendas vel æquiparandas, adjecit Josephus WHITE, S. T. P. Linguarum Heb. et Arab. in Academia Oxoniensi Professor. Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1808. 2 vols. crown 8vo. This is a very neat and accurate edition. The Textus Receptus is adopted; and Professor White has contrived to exhibit in a very intelligible form-1. Those readings which in Griesbach's opinion "Of the various critical editions of the New Testament, which ought, either certainly or probably, to be removed from the received of late years have been given to the public, this is not only one text; 2. Those various readings which the same editor judged either of the neatest, but one of the cheapest; it is, in every respect, a preferable or equal to those of the received text; and, 3. Those practical edition, equally adapted to the lecture-room and to the additions which, on the authority of manuscripts, Griesbach con- private study. It will not, indeed, render unnecessary the critical siders as fit to be admitted into the text. "An intermediate advan-labours of Wetstein, Griesbach, or Matthæi, but it will be a valuatage to be derived from an edition thus marked, is pointed out by ble substitute for them to those students who have not the time or the learned editor at the conclusion of his short preface; viz. that the means of purchasing their costly but valuable labours. The it may thus be seen at once by every one, how very little, after all following is the plan on which Professor Vater has formed his the labours of learned men, and the collation of so many manu- edition: scripts and versions is liable to just objection in the received text." British Critic, vol. xxxiv. (O. S.) p. 386.)

"The text of each book or epistle is exhibited in continuous paragraphs, with the numbers of the chapters and verses in the

margin, for the convenience of reference; and in the Gospel
the parallel passages are also referred to in the margin. The
punctuation of the text is frequently improved. Below the text
are exhibited, in long lines, the principal various readings, di-
vested of Griesbach's stenographic marks, with the authori-
ties on which they rest; and, beneath them, in two columns.
are brief but satisfactory exegetical notes on passages which are
really difficult. Four indexes are subjoined, viz. 1. Historical and
Geographical, of the Names of Persons and Places, occurring in
the New Testament; 2. Of the more difficult and uncommon
Greek words; 3. Of the Manuscripts and other critical aids for
determining various readings; and, 4. Of Exegetical or Expository
Aids, comprising a list of the best commentaries on particular
books, chapters, or verses.
The book is printed on two
papers-one inferior, which is bad enough; the other on a better
sort of paper, which is both easy to read and pleasant to the eye."
(Universal Review, vol. ii. pp. 683, 684.)

44. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Textui ante Griesbachium vulgo recepto, additur Lectionum Variantium earum præcipue, quæ à Griesbachio potiores censentur, Delectus. Basilea, 1825. tomis, 8vo.

This very neat edition may occasionally be met with. The text is reprinted from an edition of the Greek Testament, edited at Basle by Andrew Birr, in 1749; who added a copious selection of Parallel Passages. The preface of the present edition is signed with the initial letters J. H. Whoever the editor may be, he has in many passages improved the punctuation, as well as the selection of parallel texts. Those various readings of Griesbach's which affect the sense are retained; and the editor has sometimes successfully vindicated the ordinary Greek text against the proposed alterations of that critic. The Epistle of Jude is placed immediately after St. Peter's second Epistle, on account of the similarity of its subject. The passages cited from the Old Testament are exhibited in a very distinct form.

45. 'H KAINH AIAOHкH. Novum Testamentum, curante Jo. Fr. BoisSONADE. Parisiis, 1824. 2 tomis, 18mo.

of the Latin Vulgate printed at the same press in the years 1590
1592, 1593, and 1598.
The ordinary divisions of chapters and verses are retained; but
there are no summaries or tables of contents.

Acce

47. 'H KAINH AIAOHKH. Novum Testamentum. dunt Parallela S. Scripturæ Loca, necnon Vetus Capitulorum Notatio, et Canones Eusebii. Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1828; Editio altera, 1830; royal 18mo.

For this very commodious edition of the Greek Testament, junior biblical students (for whose use it is especially designed) are indebted to the Right Rev. Charles LLOYD, D.D. Bishop of Oxford. The plan of it is as follows:—

The text, which is that of Dr. Mill, is printed in paragraphs, with the division into sections, and the punctuation of John Albert Bengel: the numbers of the chapters and verses are placed in the margin on the left of each page, in which are inserted the Q^*** or chapters found in ancient manuscripts, of which an account is given in Part I. p. 214. of the first volume. These are printed from those who may wish to consult manuscripts for particular passages Kuster's edition of the Greek Testament, for the convenience of of the New Testament. In the other margin there are printed select but highly valuable Parallel References to Scripture, according to the edition of Courcelles (or Curcellus). The Epistle to Carpianus and the canons of Eusebius (of which an account is given in the first volume) are prefixed, for the purpose of enabling any one who may be so disposed, to compile for himself a harmony of the four Gospels

48. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum Græcè, secundum editiones probatissimas; expressum cum Ariæ Montani Interpretatione Latina. Curante Carolo Christiano LEUtsch. Lipsia, 1828. 8vo.

A neat reprint of the Greek text after that of Dr. Knappe's critical editions, with the Latin version of Arias Montanus, which from its general fidelity is held in high estimation by Protestants and Romanists. The Greek text and the Latin translation are

printed in columns on each page: the ordinary divisions of chapters and verses are retained."

49. Novum Testamentum Græcè. Londini, impensis G. Pickering, 1828, 48mo.

In this beautifully and accurately printed edition of the Greek Text, Professor Boissonade states that he has followed the best copies, particularly that of Dr. Griesbach; yet not so servilely, but that he has availed himself of the judgment of other critics, and especially of the Vulgate Latin Version. The value of this edition, considered as a critical one, is much diminished by the total mond type; and it is also the smallest in point of size which has This is the first Greek Testament printed in England with diaomission of any notes, to apprize the reader when the editor has departed from the received text, as also on what authority he has ever been printed. The matrices, from which the types were cast, adopted particular readings. To specify two or three instances:were cut by Mr. Caslon. The text is stated to be copied exactly On the authority of Griesbach, he omits the doxology of the Lord's from the Elzevir edition of 1624; and, in order to ensure the Prayer in Matt. vi. 13. On the same authority, in Acts xx. 28. he greater correctness, every proof sheet was critically examined reads THY EXKANGRY TOU Kupiou, Church of the Lord, instead of Tousenting the Last Supper, after the celebrated picture by Leonardo EIGHT times. There is a frontispiece, engraved on steel, repreof God, notwithstanding this last reading is supported by the Vatida Vinci. can manuscript. So also, in 1 Tim. iii. 16. he reads avspun, which (mystery) was manifested, instead of 5, God. But the 50. Ἡ ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ, Novum Testamentum ad Exem much disputed clause in 1 John v. 7. is printed as in the Complu- plar Millianum, cum emendationibus et lectionibus Griesbachii, tensian and other editions, without any intimation that its genuine- præcipuis vocibus ellipticis, thematibus omnium vocum difficili ness has been denied; although that clause is omitted in Gries-orum, atque locis scripturæ parallelis: studio et labore Gulielmi bach's edition, and is now generally considered to be spurious. GREENFIELD. Londini, 1829. 48mo.

46. Novum Testamentum Græcè et Latinè, expressum ad binas editiones a Leone X. approbatas, Complutensem silicet et Erasmi Roterodami. Additæ sunt aliarum novissimarum Recensionum Variantes Lectiones Græcæ, unà cum Vulgata Latinâ Editionis Clementinæ, ad exemplar ex Typographiâ Apostolica Vaticanâ Romæ, 1592, correctis corrigendis ex Indicibus Correctoriis ibidem editis, necnon cum additis Lectionibus ex Vaticanis Editionibus Latinis, de annis 1590, 1592, 1593, 1598, Variantibus; adpositisque locis parallelis. Studio et curâ E. Leandri VAN Ess. Tubingæ, 1827. 8vo.

A very neatly printed edition of the Greek Testament. The revised texts, consulted for it by Dr. Van Ess, are the original Complutensian, the five editions of Erasmus, Robert Stephens's edition, printed at Paris in 1546, with the preface O mirificam, &c. Matthai's second edition, published at Wittemberg in 1803-1807, and Griesbach's manual edition, published at Leipzig in 1805, with select various readings. The following is the plan followed by

Dr. Van Ess in the Greek text of his edition :

1. The text adopted is fundamentally that of Erasmus's fifth edition; and is preferably retained in all those places where the revisions above enumerated vary from that edition.

New Testament is printed after Dr. Mill's edition (No. 10. p. 000;
The Greek text of this beautifully executed pocket-edition of the
supra) in columns, and with the usual divisions of chapters and
verses. The critical emendations and various readings include the
principal of these in Griesbach's edition of 1805 (No. 30. p. 11.
supra). These emendations and readings, together with the themes
of the more difficult words, and a selection of really parallel pas-
sages, are all clearly exhibited in a column in the centre of each
page. Such of Griesbach's various readings as could not be in-
serted in the central column are printed in an appendix. Two
neat miniature maps,-one of Palestine, and another illustrating
St. Paul's Travels, increase the utility of this very portable manual
edition of the Greek Testament; as a companion to which, Mr.
Greenfield published, in 1829, "The Polymicrian Lexicon to the
Elegance and accuracy of typo-
New Testament," also in 48mo.
graphical execution, and the extreme smallness of the volume,
which renders it a curiosity, are but the least of its recommenda
tions. The work does the highest honour to the editor's fidelity,
competent learning, and sound judgment." (Eclectic Review,
February, 1832. vol. vii. p. 160.)

51. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ, sive Novum Testamentum Græce; cui subjicitur Selectio copiosa Lectionum Variantium Emen2. Where the text of the Complutensian and Erasmus's fifth edi-dationumque Griesbachii præcipuarum, necnon quamplurimæ tion agrees (as most frequently is the case) that text alone is uni- Voces Elliptica; accurante Gulielmo DUNCAN. Edinburgi, formly adopted. 1830. 12mo.

3. Where these two texts differ, that reading of one or other of them is retained, which is supported by the authority of Griesbach's text.

4. All the readings of the five recensions above enumerated, which vary from the text of Van Ess's edition, are placed in notes at the foot of the page: and where no various reading is specified, the texts of the several editions uniformly agree.

A new and greatly improved edition of the Greek Testament, first published at Edinburgh in 1811 by Mr. Adam DICKINSON, with a small selection of various readings, for the use of the senior classes in schools. It was stereotyped in 1817, and was subsequently often reprinted. The text is, for the most part, that of Dr. Mill at the foot of the pages are printed the principal elliptical The Latin text of the Vulgate is printed opposite to the Greek, words, collected from the publications of Bos, Leisner, and other on each page, according to the edition printed at the Vatican press, eminent critics. In the text all the words and passages, absolutely at Rome, in 1592, with the requisite corrections from the Roman rejected by Griesbach as spurious, are pointed out by enclosing "Index Correctorius." References to parallel passages are added them within brackets. The editor (Mr. Duncan) has annexed a coin the notes, together with the various readings from the editions | pious selection of the most important of Griesbach's various read

In the arrangement of the Greek text of this edition, Dr. Naebe "has chiefly followed the version of Griesbach, consulting, how-tors." (Pref. p. iii.) They are partly explanatory and philological, ever, the critical labours of Drs. Schulz and Scholz, and availing himself of not a few of the emendations proposed by Knappe, Schott, Vater, and Tittmann. He has also carefully corrected the punctuation throughout. In framing his Latin version, the editor acknowledges his obligations to the critical and exegetical commentaries and treatises of Grotius, Wetstein, Noesselt, Keil, Rosenmüller, Kuinöel, Paulus, Pott, Borger, Heinrichs, Tittmann, Tholuck, Winer, Bretschneider, Fritsche, and many others, and especially to the Latin versions of Castellio, Reichard, Schott, Thalemann, and Jaspis. His version," [therefore, is an eclectic one: it] is accurate, conspicuous, and concise; and though it pretends

to mention the variation. In all the cases which he has noticed, from a Romanist, the editor has been guided very materially by the the various reading is probably that which ought to be admitted authority of the Latin Vulgate version. A tabular harmony of the into the text. The dates, which he has followed in the Acts of four Gospels is prefixed: and the volume, which is very neatly the Apostles and in arranging the apostolic epistles, differ from printed, concludes with an index of the Epistles and Gospels for those commonly adopted. Dr. B. has stated his reasons for prefer-every Sunday and festival of the Romish Church. ring this chronological scheme in "An Attempt to ascertain the 59. Novum Testamentum Græcè et Latinè. Ex Recensione Chronology of the Acts of the Apostles and of St. Paul's Epistles" (London, 1830, 8vo.), to which the reader is necessarily referred. Two very useful indexes terminate this edition of the Greek Testament, viz. 1. A list of the most remarkable Greek terms explained in the notes; and, 2. An index of facts and proper names. The typographical execution of this edition is singularly beautiful and

Knappiana, adjectis variis et Griesbachii et Lachmanni lectioni-*
bus, edidit Adolphus GOESCHEN. Lipsia, 1832. 8vo.
This also is a manual edition for the use of German biblical
students. The text is taken from Knappe's edition; and below it
are the principal various readings adopted by Griesbach and Lach-
mann. The Latin version, which is placed below them, is close
and faithful. The divisions of chapters are retained, but the num-
bers of the verses are given in the margin; and to each chapter is
terminates this convenient, cheap, and beautifully printed edition
prefixed a copious summary of its contents. A chronological table
of the New Testament.

SECTION IV.

TAMENTS WITH VERSIONS IN SEVERAL LANGUAGES.

THE honour of having projected the first plan of a Polyglott Bible is due to the illustrious printer, ALDUS MANUTIUS the elder; but of this projected work only one page was printed: it contains the first fifteen verses of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis in collateral columns of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. The typographical execution is admirable: M. Renouard has given fac-simile of it in the second edition of his excellent work on the productions of the Aldine Press,1 specimen page (perhaps the only one that is extant) is preserved A copy of this among the manuscripts in the Royal Library at Paris, No. In 1516 there was printed at Genoa, by Peter Paul Porrus (in Ædibus Nicolai Justiniani Pauli) the Pentaglott Psalter of Augustin Justiniani Bishop of Nebo. It was in Hebrew, Arabic, Chaldee, and Greek, with the Latin Version, Glosses, and Scholia. In 1518 John Potken published the Psalter in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Ethiopic, at Cologne. But the first Polyglott edition of the entire Hebrew Bible was that printed at Alcala in Spain, viz.

Of this Edition the Text is a new Recension, formed most carefully on the basis of that of Stephens, adopted by Dr. Mill, from which there is no deviation but on the fullest evidence; such alterations only having been introduced, as rest on the united authority of MSS. Versions, Fathers, and early printed editions; and which have been adopted in one or more of the critical editions of Wetstein, Griesbach, Matthæi, and Scholz. Nothing has POLYGLOTT BIBLES, OR EDITIONS OF THE OLD AND NEW TESbeen omitted which is found in the Stephanic text; such words only as are, by the almost universal consent of editors and critics, regarded as interpolations being placed within distinctly marked brackets, more or less inclusive according to the degree of suspicion attached to the words. Nothing has been inserted but on the same weighty authority; and even those words are indicated as insertions by being printed in smaller characters. All altered readings (which are comparatively few, and generally found in the invaluable Editio Princeps) have asterisks prefixed, the common readings being indicated in the Notes. And such readings as, though left untouched, are generally thought to need alteration, have an obelisk prefixed. In all cases the reasons for any deviation from the Stephanic, or common text, are given. Thus, the reader possesses the advantage of having both texts placed before him, the common text and the corrected text, constituting, it is conceived, the true Greek Vulgate. The punctuation has been most carefully corrected and adjusted, after a comparison of all the best editions. To each verse is subjoined, in the outer margin, a select body of parallel references from Curcellæus's edition of the New Testament, the inner margin being appropriated to the numbers of chapters and verses. The citations from the Old Testament, and the words of any speaker, are clearly indicated by a peculiar mode of printing. Under the text are copious notes (mostly original, but partially derived, with acknowledgment, from the best commentators ancient and modern) comprising whatever respects the interpretation, or tends to establish the grammatical In these the editor has endeavoured to unite comprehensiveness with brevity, so as to form one consistent body, in epitome, of exegetical and philological annotation, of which the matter (very carefully digested) is, in its general character, elementary, and introductory to the larger Commentaries, especially Dr. Bloomfield's Recensio Synoptica Novi Testamenti, noticed in a subsequent page of this appendix: and it further systematically indicates the interpretation of controverted passages; being especially adapted to the use of academical students, and candidates for the sacred

sense.

office, though intended also as a manual edition for theological readers in general.

MMM.LXIV.

1. Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, complectentia Vetus Testamentum, Hebraico, Græco, et Latino Idiomate; Novum Testamentum Græcum et Latinum ; et Vocabularum Hebraicum et Chaldaicum Veteris Testamenti, cum Grammaticâ Hebraicâ, nec non Dictionario Græco; Studio, Opera, et Impensis Cardinalis Francisci XIMENES de Cisneros. Industria Arnaldi Gulielmi de Brocario artis impressorie magistri. Compluti, 1514, 1515. 1517, 6 vols. folio.

The printing of this splendid and celebrated work, usually called the Complutensian Polyglott, was commenced in 1502; though completed in 1517, it was not published until 1522, and it cost the muniOf the three preceding editions of the New Testament, the fol- ficent cardinal Ximenes 50,000 ducats. The editors were Ælius lowing just and comparative characters have been given in an Antonius Nebrissensis, Demetrius Ducas, Ferdinandus, Pincianus, ably-conducted journal. "Dr. BLOOMFIELD'S edition of the Greek Lopez de Stunica, Alfonsus de Zamora, Paulus Coronellus, and Testament is the most valuable that has yet been issued from the Johannes de Vergera, a physician of Alcala or Complutum. The last press in this country. We say this without disparaging the merit three were converted Jews. This Polyglott is usually divided into six and usefulness of the labours of his predecessors. Dr. BURTON's volumes. The first four comprise the Old Testament, with the edition not only strongly recommends itself by the singular beauty Hebrew, Latin, and Greek in three distinct columns, the Chaldee of the typography, but the weight of his critical authority in paraphrase being at the bottom of the page with a Latin interprerespect to the varied lections which he has noted, impart to it a tation; and the margin is filled with Hebrew and Chaldee radicals. substantial and independent value; although, in other respects, we The fifth volume contains the Greek Testament, with the Vulgate must confess the notes have greatly disappointed us. Mr. Valpy's Latin version in a parallel column; in the margin there is a kind edition, in point of general utility, may compete with Dr. Bloom- of concordance, referring to similar passages in the Old and New field's." ***** "It is rather an invidious task to adjudicate the Testaments. And at the end of this volume, there are, 1. A single comparative claims of competitors; but we may perhaps recom-leaf containing some Greek and Latin verses; 2. Interpretationes mend Mr. Valpy's and Dr. Burton's editions as the more suitable Hebræorum, Chaldæorum, Græcorumque Nominum Novi Testamenti, for those who have as yet little acquaintance with critical comon ten leaves: and 3. Introductio quam brevis ad Græcas Litteras, mentators, for the upper classes of schools, and for persons wishing &c. on thirty-nine leaves. The sixth volume contains, 1. A sepato familiarize themselves with the sacred oracles in their genuine rate title; 2. Vocabularium Hebraicum totius Veteris Testamenti, form, without embarrassing their minds with the details of criti- cum omnibus dictionibus Chaldæis, in eodem Veteri Testamento conDr. Bloomfield's edition, though less suitable for the novice, tentis, on one hundred and seventy-two leaves; 3. An alphabetical will be invaluable to all whose profession requires, or whose lei- Index, on eight leaves, of the Latin words occurring in different sure admits of a more critical study of the Sacred Writings." (Eclec- parts of the work; 4. Interpretationes Hebraicorum, Chaldaicorum, tic Review, December, 1832, pp. 473, 474. 492.) Græcorumque Nominum, Veteris ac Novi Testamenti, secundum Ordinem Alphabeti; 5. Two leaves entitled Nomina quæ sequuntur, sunt illa, quæ in utroque Testamento vicio Scriptorum sunt aliter scripta quam in Hebræo et Græco, et in aliquibus Bibliis nostris antiquis, &c.; 6. Fifteen leaves entitled Introductiones Artis Grammatica Hebraica et primo de modo legendi et pronuntiandi. These several pieces are sometimes placed in a different order from that above indicated. With the exception of the manuscript cited as the Codex Rhodiensis (now utterly lost), and the Codex Bessarionis Renouard, Annales de l'Imprimerie des Aldes, tom. ii. pp. 44, 45. (Paris, 1826.)

cism.

58. Novum Testamentum Græcè ad optimorum librorum fidem recensuit Antonius JAUMANN. Cum selectâ Lectionum

Varietate. Monachii. 1832. 8vo.

This is professedly a manual edition for the use of such students in the Universities of Germany as are unable to procure the larger and more expensive critical editions of the New Testament. The text is for the most part taken from Tittmann's edition (No. 40. p. 16. supra.) Various readings are selected from the editions of Griesbach, Matthæi, Gratz and Knappe. As might be expected

ants."

presented to cardinal Ximenes by the republic of Venice, the | Latinæ, quicquid comparari poterat.... Edidit Brianus WALMSS. consulted by his editors were partly purchased at an un- TON, S.T.D. Londini, imprimebat Thomas Roycroft, 1657, 6 vols. bounded expense, and partly lent to him by pope Leo X. out of large folio. the Vatican Library, whither (we are informed by Alvaro Gomez, the cardinal's biographer) they were returned as soon as the Polyglott was completed. The MSS. belonging to Ximenes were sub- Walton is, in all other respects, preferable; being more ample and Though less magnificent than the Paris Polyglott, this of Bishop sequently deposited in the library of the University of Alcala. more commodious. Nine languages are used in it, though no one Learned men had long suspected that they were of modern date. book of the Bible is printed in so many. In the New Testament, As it was important to collate anew the manuscripts at Alcala, the four Gospels are in six languages; the other books, only in fire: Professors Moldenhawer and Tychsen, who were in Spain in 1784, those of Judith and the Maccabees, only in three. The Sepinawent thither for this purpose: but they were informed that above gint version is printed from the edition printed at Rome in 1587, thirty-five years before, in 1749, they had been sold by an illiterate which exhibits the text of the Vatican manuscript. The Latin is librarian to a dealer in fireworks as materials for making rockets. the Vulgate of Clement VIII. The Chaldee paraphrase is more (Marsh's Michaelis, vol. ii. part i. pp. 440, 441.) Notwithstanding complete than in any former publication. The London Polyglott this statement, there is "good reason to believe that those learned also has an interlineary Latin version of the Hebrew text; and Germans were the subjects of an imposition practised upon them by some people in the Spanish University, who were not disposed some parts of the Bible are printed in Ethiopic and Persian, none of which are found in any preceding Polyglott. to permit their manuscript treasures to be scrutinized by ProtestThe FIRST Volume, besides very learned and useful Prolegomena, Dr. Bowring, during the short time that Spain enjoyed the contains the Pentateuch. Every sheet exhibits, at one view, 1st, blessing of a constitutional government, " had the opportunity of The Hebrew Text, with Montanus's interlineary Latin version, carefully examining the manuscripts at Alcala: he has published very correctly printed: 2. The same verses in the Vulgate Latin: reasons amounting to a demonstration, that no sale or destruction of 3. The Greek version of the Septuagint, according to the Vatican manuscripts ever took place. By his personal examination he found MS., with a literal Latin Translation by Flaminius Nobilis, and the THE SAME Scripture manuscripts which had been described by Al- various readings of the Alexandrian MS. added at the bottom of varo Gomez, who died in 1580;" and he adds," that the manuscripts the column: 4. The Syriac version, with a collateral Latin transin question are modern and valueless, there can be no longer any lation: 5. The Targum, or Chaldee Paraphrase, of Onkelos, with question." (Monthly Repository for 1821, vol. xii. p. 203., and vol. i. a Latin translation: 6. The Hebræo-Samaritan text, which is nearly N. S. for 1827, p. 572, cited in Dr. J. P. Smith's Answer to the Manifesto of the Christian Evidence Society," &c. pp. 48, 49. (Third rent; and the Samaritan version, which differs vastly from the the same with the unpointed Hebrew, only the character is diffe Edition.) other as to the language, though the sense is pretty nearly the same; The impression of the Complutensian Polyglott was limited to and therefore one Latin translation (with a few notes added at the 600 copies; three were struck off on vellum. One of these was bottom of the column) serves for both: 7. The Arabic version, with deposited in the Royal Library at Madrid, and another in the Royal a collateral Latin translation, which in general agrees with the Library at Turin. The third (which is supposed to have been Septuagint. This first volume also contains, or should contain, a reserved for cardinal Ximenes), after passing through various hands, was purchased at the Pinelli sale, in 1789, for the late portrait of Bishop Walton, engraved by Lombart; and a frontis. Count M-Carthy of Thoulouse, for four hundred and eighty-three piece, together with three plates relating to Solomon's temple. all pounds. On the sale of this gentleman's library at Paris, in 1817, engraved by Hollar. There are also two plates containing sections of Jerusalem, &c. and a chart of the Holy Land. These are inserted it was bought by George Hibbert, Esq. for 16,100 francs, or six in Capellus's Treatise on the Temple. That part of the Prole hundred and seventy-six pounds three shillings and four pence: and, at the sale of Mr. Hibbert's library in 1829, it was sold to Messrs.gomena, in this volume, which was written by Bishop Walton, Payne and Foss, booksellers, of Pall Mall, for five hundred guineas. fessor Dathe. It is a treasure of sacred criticism. was commodiously printed in octavo, at Leipsic, in 1777, by ProCopies of the Complutensian Polyglott, on paper, are in the Libraries of the British Museum and Sion College, and also in several languages as are above enumerated, with the exception of the Sa The SECOND Volume comprises the historical books in the same of the College Libraries in the two Universities of Oxford and maritan (which is confined to the Pentateuch) and of the Targum Cambridge. For much interesting additional information respect of Rabbi Joseph (surnamed the blind) on the books of Chronicles, ing the Complutensian and other Polyglott Bibles, see Mr. Petti-which was not discovered till after the Polyglott was in the press grew's Bibl. Sussex. vol. i. part ii. pp. 3—124.

46

2. Biblia Sacra Hebraice, Chaldaice, Græce, et Latine, Philippi II. Regis Cathol. Pietate, et Studio ad Sacrosanctæ Ecclesiæ Usum, Christophorus Plantinus excudebat. Antverpiæ, 15691572. 8 vols. folio.

Five hundred copies only were printed of this magnificent work, which is sometimes called the Royal Polyglott, because it was exe

cuted at the expense of Philip II. King of Spain, and the Antwerp Polyglott from the place where it was printed. The greater part of the impression being lost in a voyage to Spain, this Polyglott has become of extreme rarity. It was printed in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Chaldee; and contains, besides the whole of the Complutensian Polyglott, a Chaldee paraphrase of part of the Old Testament, which cardinal Ximenes had deposited in the Public Library at Alcala, having particular reasons for not publishing it. This edition also has a Syriac version of the New Testament, and the Latin translation of Santes Pagninus, as reformed by Arias Montanus, the principal editor of this noble undertaking. The sixth, seventh, and eighth volumes are filled with lexicons and grammars of the various languages in which the Scriptures are printed, together with indexes, and a treatise on sacred antiquities. The Hebrew text is said to be compiled from the Complutensian and Bomberg editions.

3. Biblia. 1. Hebraica. 2. Samaritana. 3. Chaldaica. 4. Græca. 5. Syriaca. 6. Latina. 7. Arabica. Lutetiæ Parisiorum, excudebat Antonius Vitré. 1645. 10 vols. large folio.

This edition, which is extremely magnificent, contains all that is inserted in the Complutensian and Antwerp Polyglotts, with the addition of a Syriac and Arabic version of the greatest part of the Old, and of the entire New Testament. The Samaritan Pentateuch, with a Samaritan version, was printed for the first time in this Polyglott, the expenses of which ruined the Editor, M. LE JAY. His learned associates were Philippus Aquinas, Jacobus Morinus, Abraham Echellensis, Gabriel Sionita, &c. The Hebrew text is that of the Antwerp Polyglott. There are extant copies of Le Jay's edition of the Polyglott Bible, under the following title, viz. Biblia Alexandrina Heptaglotta auspiciis S. D. Alexandri VII. anno sessionis ejus xii. feliciter inchoati. Lutetia Parisiorum protestant apud Joannem Jansonium a Waesberge, Johannem Jacobum Chipper,

Eliseum Weirstraet, 1666.

It has since been published in a separate form, as is noticed in the following page.

books from Job to Malachi, in the same languages as before, only The THIRD Volume comprehends all the poetic and prophetic that there is an Ethiopic version of the book of Psalms, which is so near akin to the Septuagint, that the same Latin translation serves for both, with a few exceptions, which are noted in the

margin.

Latin, Syriac, and Arabic, with a two-fold Hebrew text of the book The FOURTH Volume contains all the Apocryphal Books, in Greek, of Tobit; the first from Paul Fagius, the second from Sebastian Munster. After the Apocrypha there is a three-fold Targum of the Pentateuch: the first is in Chaldee, and is ascribed to Jonathan Ben Uzziel: the second is in Chaldee also; it takes in only select parts of the Law, and is commonly called the Jerusalem Targum the third is in Persic, the work of one Jacob Tawus, or Toose, and seems to be a pretty literal version of the Hebrew Text. Each of these has a collateral Latin translation. The first two, though they contain many fables, are exceedingly useful, because they explain many words and customs, the meaning of which is to be found no where else; and the latter will be found very useful to a student in the Persian language, though it contains many obsolete phrases, and the language is by no means in the pure Shirazian dialect. The FIFTH volume includes all the books of the New Testament. The various languages are here exhibited at one view, as in the others. The Greek text stands at the head, with Montanus's inter lineary Latin translation; the Syriac next; the Persic third; the Vulgate fourth; the Arabic fifth; and the Ethiopic sixth. Each of the oriental versions has a collateral Latin translation. The Persic version only takes in the four Gospels; and for this, the Pars Alters, or Persian Dictionary, in Castell's Lexicon, was peculiarly calcu lated.

remarks on all the preceding versions, and concludes with an The SIXTH volume is composed of various readings and critical explanation of all the proper names, both Hebrew and Greek, in the Old and New Testaments. The characters used for the several oriental versions are clear and good; the Hebrew is rather the worst. The simple reading of a text in the several versions often throws more light on the meaning of the sacred writer than the best commentators which can be met with. This work sells at from twenty-five pounds to seventy guineas, according to the dif ference of condition. Many copies are ruled with red lines, which is a great help in reading, because it distinguishes the different texts better, and such copies ordinarily sell for three or four

4. Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, complectentia Textus Originales, Hebraicum cum Pentateucho Samaritano, Chaldaicum, Græcum, guineas more than the others.

Versionumque antiquarum Samaritanæ, Grace LXXII. Inter-assisted by Dr. Edmund Castell, Dr. Tho. Hyde, Dr. Pocock, In executing this great and splendid work, Bishop Walton was pretum, Chaldaicæ, Syriaca, Arabica, Ethiopica, Vulgate Dr. Lightfoot, Mr. Alexander Huish, Mr. Samuel Clarke, Louis de