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Mudge was esteemed by Dr. Johnson, may be seen, in the charac- | People of Israel, is illustrated; and their application to the Mester of him drawn by the latter, in Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson, vol. iv. pp. 80-84.

89. A new English Translation of the Psalms, from the original Hebrew, reduced to Metre by the late Bishop Hare; with Notes critical and explanatory; Illustrations of many passages drawn from the classics; and a preliminary Dissertation, in which the truth and certainty of that learned prelate's happy discovery is stated and proved at large. By Thomas EDWARDS, A.M. London, 1755, 8vo.

The design of this learned work was "to make Bishop Hare's discovery of the Hebrew metre better known; to show its truth and certainty; and to prove that, by a judicious application of it, great light may be thrown upon the poetical parts of the Holy Scriptures." (Monthly Review, O. S. vol. xii. pp. 485-487.), Mr. Edwards was of opinion that Dr. Hare's hypothesis was rejected by many persons, partly from an overhasty determination, and partly from too scrupulous a veneration for the Hebrew text. Of Dr. Hare's system, a short account is given.

90. The Psalter, in its original form; or the Book of Psalms reduced to lines, in an easy and familiar style, and a kind of blank verse of unequal measures, answering for the most part to the original lines, with arguments pointing out the general design of each Psalm, and notes, accounting for some passages in the translation; opening and explaining also, in some places, the prophetical views, &c. [By the Rev. George FENWICK, B.D.]

London, 1759, 8vo.

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This work "is written in a pure strain of piety, but rather too much in a technical form." (Dr. Clarke.)

92. A New Translation of the Psalms from the Hebrew

Original, with Notes critical and explanatory; to which is added a Dissertation on the last prophetic words of Noah. By William GREEN, M.A. 1762, 8vo.

This work contains "some judicious alterations in the version, and valuable criticisms in the notes; which throw considerable light on many obscure passages in the Psalms, and will cause those excellent compositions, which have been the admiration and delight of pious minds through so many ages, to be read with still more pleasure and advantage." But the language of the translation, though correct, has neither that force nor harmony which we find in the common version in our Bibles." (Monthly Review, O. S. vol. xxviii. p. 267.)

93. Hermanni VENEMA Commentarius ad Psalmos: quo singulorum Argumentum, Tempus et Hypothesis explicandi studiose inquiritur, eorumque Partes continuà Paraphrasi et selectis Observationibus illustrantur. Leovardiæ, 1762-67, 6 tomis, 4to.

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Through its great scarcity, the work is little known in Great Britain. What was said by David of Goliath's sword, may be justly said of Venema's Commentary on the Book of Psalms-There is none like it." (Dr. Clarke.) It is held in the highest esteem abroad, particularly in Holland.

94. Francisci VATABLI Annotationes in Psalmos, subjunctis Hugonis Grotii Notis, quibus Observationes suas adspersit G. J. L. Vogel. Hala, 1767, 8vo.

95. Annotations on the Psalms. By James MERRICK, M.A. Reading, 1768, 4to.

siah, to the church, and to individuals as members thereof, is pointed out. By George HORNE, D.D. [late Bishop of Norwich]. 4to. 2 vols. Oxford, 1771; also in one and two volumes, 8vo. ; 12mo. 3 vols. ; and 18mo. 2 vols. They also form vols. ii. and iii. of the collective edition of his works in 6 vols. 8vo.

work sufficiently attest the very high estimation in which it is held: The variety and number of the editions of this learned and pious the critics of the day, however, when it first appeared, were of opinion that Bishop Horne applied too many of the Psalms to the Messiah. A judicious "Selection" from this work was published by Mr. Lindley Murray, in 12mo. 1812, comprising the most striking, pathetic, and instructive parts of the commentary.

98. Davidis aliorumque Poetarum Hebræorum Carminum Libri quinque, e Codd. MSS. et Antiquis Versionibus recensuit et Commentariis illustravit Jo. Aug. STARK. 8vo. vol. i. pars 1. et 2. Regiomonti, 1776.

These two parts contain only an introduction to the Psalms; the work was never continued.

99. A new Literal Version of the Book of Psalms, with a Preface and Notes. By the Rev. Stephen STREET, M.A. London, 1790, 2 vols. 8vo.

The author's object in this work is to give a close literal translation of the Psalms. In several instances, the Monthly Reviewers preceded it; that in some the alterations are doubtful, and that in state that this version is an improvement of those which have many others they are unnecessary, if not mistaken; yet that all are worthy of attention, and may open the way to further amendments. We consider this work as a useful addition to this branch of learning. The author may, perhaps, be too ready in advancing conjectures; but he always gives notice when he does it, and he never dogmatically affirms.” (Monthly Review, N. S. vol. viii. p. 50.)

100. Notes on the Books of Psalms and Proverbs. By the Rev. H. DIMOCK. Gloucester, 1791, 4to.

101. J. F. STANGE Anticritica in Locos Psalmorum varios. Lipsiæ et Halae, 1791-1795, 2 vols. 8vo.

102. A New and Liberal Version of the Psalms into Modern

Language, according to the Liturgy Translation, with copious Notes and Illustrations, partly original, and partly selected from the best Commentators, calculated to render the Book of Psalms intelligible to every capacity. By the Rev. W. WAKE. Bath, 1793, 2 vols. 8vo.

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The alterations in this version are by no means such as to render it intelligible to every capacity. This fault pervades the book, which in other respects is well executed. The arguments in general are well drawn up, and the notes appear to be judicious. The translation of the Psalms contained in the liturgy is by many considered to be the best, though the most ancient. At all events, as it is used so much, it ought to be duly explained. This book will, we doubt not, be well received among persons of some education.” (British Critic, O. S. vol. iv. p. 311.)

103. An Attempt to render the Daily Reading of the Psalms more intelligible to the Unlearned, with a Paraphrase selected from the best Commentators, and illustrated with occasional Notes. By F. T. TRAVELL, A.M. Oxford, 1794, 8vo.

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The design of the work is "to make the daily reading of the Psalms more easy and pleasant to those serious and unlearned Christians who make it a point of conscience to attend the public worship of God, and are desirous of joining in his praises with understanding." (Preface, p. xi.) Mr. Travell appears to have studied carefully, and explained judiciously, the scope of the several psalms, and the sense of their distinct parts. A plain Christian, who takes up this book with the best of all purposes, that of being made better (British Critic, O. S. vol. vi. pp. by it, can hardly fail of success.' 625. 627, 628.)

104. Psalmi, ex recensione Textûs Hebræi et Versionum Antiquarum Latine versi, notisque criticis et philologicis illustrati N. M. BERLIN]. Upsaliæ, 1805, 8vo.

This volume is adapted to Mr. Merrick's Poetical Version of the Psalms, published in 1765, in 4to. and justly considered as the best English poetical translation extant. In the compilation of these notes he was assisted by Bishop Lowth (then Bishop of Oxford) and Archbishop Secker. "A large part of them relate to the read-[à ings of the ancient versions, and propose the conjectural emendations of various writers. Many of them abound with passages, principally from the Greek authors, which justify the modes of expression used by the Psalmist; and for this part of his design Mr. Merrick was admirably qualified, by his extensive and uncommon acquaintance with Grecian literature. Some of the notes, which are the most curious and entertaining, are those which treat upon the plants, trees, and animals mentioned in the Psalms." (Monthly Review, O. S. vol. xl. p. 374.)

96. Mosis AMYRALDI Paraphrasis in Psalmos Davidis, una cum Annotationibus et Argumentis. Editio altera, emendatior et auctior, nova Præfatione Jac. Cremeri. Traj. ad Rhenum, 1672, 4to.

97. A Commentary on the Book of Psalms; in which the literal or historical sense, as they relate to King David and the VOL. II.-APP. 4 H

This is one of the most useful Latin versions of the Psalms that has appeared in modern times; it is faithfully executed, without being servilely literal. The notes, though brief, are sufficiently explicit, and are designed to explain obscure passages; to elucidate, by a short paraphrase, peculiar expressions that could not be rendered in the text by a single word; to point out the principal various readings worthy of note; to state briefly those arguments for the renderings of particular words, concerning which interpreters are by no means agreed, with references to philological works in which those arguments are more copiously discussed; and to suggest probable meanings to words of doubtful interpretation, which are submitted to the reader's judgment.

105. A New Translation of the Book of Psalms from the Original Hebrew, with various Readings and Notes. By the late Alexander GEDDES, LL.D. London, 1807, 8vo.

This is a posthumous publication of Dr. Geddes, edited by Dr. Disney and Charles Butler, Esq. The doctor's version extends only to the eleventh verse of Psalm cxviii.; the rest is added from an interleaved copy of Bishop Wilson's Bible, corrected by Dr. G., who professes to have confined himself to the direct and literal meaning of the inspired authors, leaving secondary applications to professed commentators. "Though many things have displeased us in the perusal of this work, we are not prepared to say that the learned editors should have altogether withheld this new version from the public. Dr. Geddes was undoubtedly a considerable scholar, and his lucubrations may be turned by other scholars to good account, though they cannot be implicitly adopted." (British Critic, O. S. vol. xxxiii. p. 358.)

106. Psaumes nouvellement traduits sur l'Hébreu, et mis en leur ordre naturel, avec des Explications et Notes Critiques. [Par le Président AGIER.] Paris, 1809, 2 tomes, 8vo.

of Vander Hooght; from which, utterly disregarding all conjectural emendations, they have rarely departed without the authority of manuscripts. Their aim has been to produce an accurate and faithful version: and in no case have they intentionally departed from the literal meaning of the text, further than the difference between the English and the Hebrew idioms seemed absolutely to require. The notes, though concise, are judicious, and strictly explanatory of the Psalms of David. 117. A New Translation of the Book of Psalms, with an Introduction. By George R. NOYES. Boston [Massachusetts), 1831, 12mo.

In this publication "Mr. Noyes has admitted no unnecessary changes. The language of our authorized version, which in many the favourite language of devotion, is retained, whenever a true of the best psalms has become, by its beauty and expressiveness, interpretation will admit. The translator has been too faithful to 106*. An entire New Version of the Book of Psalms; in his work, to multiply corrections merely for the sake of correction." which an attempt is made to accommodate them to the worship (Christian Register, Boston, 1831.) The Introduction is chiefly deof the Christian Church, with original Prefaces, and Notes criti-rived from Rosenmüller's elaborate preface to his Commentary on cal and explanatory. By the Rev. Wm. GOODE, M.A. London, 1811, 2 vols. 8vo.

A useful help to the devotional understanding of the Psalms,

which are here translated into English verse, and in various metres. 107. The Book of Psalms, translated from the Hebrew, with

Notes explanatory and critical. By Samuel HORSLEY, LL.D., late Lord Bishop of St. Asaph. London, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo.

This was a posthumous work of Bishop Horsley, many of whose applications of the psalms to the Messiah are fanciful. For a copious critique on it, see the British Review, vol. xi. pp. 1-25. 108. Lyra Davidis; or, a New Translation and Exposition of the Psalms. By the Rev. John FRY, B.A. London, 1819, 8vo. This work is avowedly grounded on the principles adopted in the posthumous work of the late Bishop Horsley; viz. that these sacred oracles have for the most part an immediate reference to Christ, and to the events of his first and second advent. Of course it is subject to the same defects which characterize all those interpreters of the Book of Psalms who expound them wholly of the Messiah: 109. Practical Reflections on the Psalms. To which is added

a Prayer adapted to each Psalm. By Mrs. SHERIFFE. London,

1821, 2 vols. 12mo.

110. The Book of Psalms in an English Metrical Version founded on the Basis of the English Bible Translation, and compared with the original Hebrew; with Notes critical and illustrative. By Richard MANT, D.D., Bishop of Down and Connor. London, 1824, 8vo.

The notes of Bishop Mant are always interesting, and are particularly valuable for pointing out the poetical beauties of the psalms.

His work is much less known than it deserves.

111. A Key to the Book of Psalms. By the Rev. Thomas Bors, M.A. London, 1825, 8vo.

An ingenious application of Bp. Jebb's system of Poetical Parallelisms to the Interpretation of the Book of Psalms. "If we have not felt ourselves at liberty to award to Mr. Boys's labours the full measure of value which he claims for them, still we cannot but consider them as well employed; and we may safely recommend the present work to the attention of every biblical student, as deserving of a careful examination, and as entitling the author to his thanks for the curious and interesting discussions which it comprises." (Eclectic Review, N. S. vol. xxvi. p. 25.)

112. A Literal Translation of the Psalms of David, solely upon the Authority of the Rev. J. PARKHURST, M.A. London, 1825, 8vo.

113. A Practical Illustration of the Book of Psalms. By the Author of the Family Commentary on the New Testament. [Mrs. THOMSON.] York, 1826, 2 vols. 12mo.

114. Psalms according to the Authorized Version; with Prefatory Titles, and Tabular Index of Scriptural References, from the Port Royal Authors, marking the Circumstances and Chronologic Order of their Composition. To which is added an Essay upon the Psalms, and their Spiritual Application. By Mary Ann SCHIMMELPENNINCK. London, 1825, 12mo.

the Book of Psalms.

12mo.

118. An Explanation of the Psalms as read in the Liturgy of the Church. By the Rev. James SLADE, M.A. London, 1832, 119. A Plain and Familiar Explanation of the most difficult Passages in the Book of Psalms, interwoven with the Text. By the Rev. J. A. GOWER. London, 1831, 12mo.

120. A Commentary on the Second Psalm. By John HILDROP, M.A. London, 1742, 8vo.

121. Specimen Academicum inaugurale, exhibens Commentarium in Psalmum XVI. Marius Antonius Gisbertus VORSTMAN. Hage Comitum, 1829, Quam...... publico examini submittit 4to.

cabaicis quos ferunt. Particula I. Ulmæ, 1827, 4to. 122. HASSLER (C. D.) Commentatio Critica de Psalmis Mac

123. Psalmi Quindecem Hammaäloth, philologicè et criticè illustrati; a Theodoro Adriano CLARISSE, Theol. Doct. Lugduni Batavorum, 1819, 8vo.

which are usually called Psalms of Degrees. An ingenious and useful commentary on Psalms exx-crv.

tionis Varietatem continentes, ad interpretationem Psalmi Cen124. C. G. FRIEDRICHII Symbolæ Philologico-criticæ, et Lectesimi. Lipsiæ, 1814, 4to.

125. The Hundred and Ninth, commonly called the Imprecating Psalm, considered on a Principle by which the Psalm explains itself. [A Sermon.] By the Rev. William KEATE, M.A. London, 1794, 4to.

125. The Hundred and Ninth Psalm explained and vindicated, in a Sermon, by Samuel PARTRIDGE, M.A. London, 1798, 8vo.

The principle established by Mr. KEATE is, that the imprecations introduced in the hundred and ninth psalm are not the imprecations of David against his enemies, but those of his enemies against him, which he recites in order to show their malice. This principle is adopted by Mr. PARTRIDGE, who has successfully obviated some little difficulties which remained after the researches of Mr. Keate. (See the Analysis of these two publications in the British Critic, O. S. vol. v. pp. 157-159. and vol. xii. p. 429.)

126. Commentatio in Psalmum Centesimum Decimum. Auctore Johanne Theodoro BERGMAN. Lug. Bat. 1819, 4to. Many valuable critical illustrations of the Psalms will be found in Dr. Kennicott's "Remarks on several Passages in the Old Testament." London, 1777, 8vo.

THE WRITINGS OF SOLOMON COLLECTIVELY.

127. Salomonis Regis et Sapientis, quæ supersunt ejusque opus esse visum est, adjecit Josephus Fridericus SCHELLING. esse perhibentur, Omnia ex Ebræo Latine vertit. Notasque, ubi Stuttgardiæ, 1806, 8vo.

PROVERBS.

128. CARTWRIGHTI (Thoma) Commentarii succincti et dilucidi in Proverbia Salomonis. Amstelodami, 1638, 4to. 129. Proverbia Regum et sapientissimi Salomonis, cum carà

115. The Psalter; or Psalms of David according to the Version of the Book of Common Prayer: illustrated, explained, and adapted to general use, in public and private worship: with Pre-enucleata à Martino GEIERO. Lipsiæ, 1669, 1725, 4to. liminary Dissertations and accompanying Notes. By the Rev. Richard WARNER. London, 1828, 8vo.

116. A New Translation of the Book of Psalms from the Original Hebrew, with explanatory Notes. By William FRENCH, D.D. and George SKINNER, M.A. Cambridge and London, 1830, 8vo.

The text, taken for their standard by the translators (whose labours have not been appreciated according to their value) is that

This work is executed on the same plan, and with the same p. 118. ability, as Geier's Commentary on the Psalms, already noticed in

130. Proverbia Salomonis: Versionem integram, ad Hebræum fontem expressit, atque Commentarium adjecit, Albertus ScHULTENS. Lugd. Bat. 1648, large Svo. (sometimes called 4to.)

8vo. 1769, by Professor Vogel, who added some critical remarks An abridgment of this elaborate work was printed at Halæ in

The preface was written by Semler, and an auctarium was furnished by Telier.

In this work "the author has shown very considerable abilities as a critic, and appears in the character of a candid and judicious 131. Cornelii DE WITT Trias Dissertationum ad Clariorem writer. He has taken infinite pains to render his work as perfect Proverbiorum Salomonis Elucidationem. Amstelodami, 1762.— as possible; and those who are acquainted with the Hebrew lanEjusdem Pentas Dissertationum ad Proverbiorum Salomonis Elu-guage will find in his philological observations many new, and some pertinent remarks." (Monthly Review, O. S. vol. xxvii. p. 485.) Mr. Desvœux's elaborate essay was translated into German, and published at Halle, in 1764, 4to.

cidationem. Amstelodami, 1766.-Ejusdem Dissertationum Trias altera, quâ Proverbiorum Divinitas, cæteraque eorum Attributa asseruntur. Amstelodami, 1770, 8vo.

132. Observations on several Passages in the Book of Proverbs with Two Sermons. By Thomas HUNT, D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew, &c. Oxford, 1775, 4to.

:

These observations are twenty-six in number. "They display in a very advantageous light the critical acumen of the author, and his extensive acquaintance with the eastern languages." (Monthly Review, O. S. vol. liii. p. 302., where the result of Dr. Hunt's elaborate criticisms is given, first in the words of the authorized translation, and then in the version proposed by him.) As the book is neither very scarce nor very dear, it will be worth the student's while to procure it.

133. Joannis Jacobi REISKE Conjecture in Jobum et Proverbia Salomonis. Lipsia, 1779, 8vo.

134. The Proverbs of Solomon; translated from the Hebrew, with Notes. By the Rev. Bern. HODGSON, LL.D., Principal of Hertford College. Oxford, 1788, 4to.

"The notes are not numerous, and, we must say, not very important. They are intended chiefly to explain, or to justify, the version, where it departs from the usual mode of translating. On the whole, though we do not think that Dr. H. has been singularly happy as a translator, yet we cannot frequently charge him with wanton deviations from the common version: he has not often changed merely for the sake of changing." (Monthly Review, N. S. vol. v. p. 294.)

135. Observations in Proverbiorum Salomonis Versionem Alexandrinam, scripsit Jo. Gottliebb JAEGER. Meldorpi et Lipsiæ, 1788, 8vo.

136. Commentarii Novi Critici in Versiones Veteres Proverbiorum Salomonis, à J. F. SCHLEUSNERO. Goettinge, 1794, 8vo. 137. An Attempt towards an improved Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon, from the original Hebrew; with Notes, critical and explanatory, and a Preliminary Dissertation. By the Rev. George HOLDEN, M.A. London, 1819, 8vo.

This is the most valuable help to the critical understanding of the Book of Proverbs extant in our language. The translation is, in substance, the same as that in general use, with such alterations only as appear to be warranted by a critical interpretation of the original Hebrew, and to be demanded by evident necessity. In those passages where the author has deemed it right to desert the authorized translation, he has laudably endeavoured to assimilate his version to its style and manner of expression. The notes accompanying Mr. Holden's version, and which are in no case unnecessarily prolix, are partly critical, and partly explanatory. The former are designed to ascertain the full meaning of the sacred text, by a philological inquiry into the signification of words and phrases. In the latter the author has explained the allusions to ancient facts and customs; has introduced such observations as may serve to illustrate the original; and has occasionally presented, in a short paraphrase, an exposition of the meaning intended by the inspired author of the Book of Proverbs. The notes on the eighth chapter will be read with peculiar interest by the Christian student. Mr. Holden expounds the attributes there given to Heavenly Wisdom, of the second Person in the Holy Trinity: and he has supported this exposition by proofs and arguments not easily to be refuted, which he has drawn from Scripture, and from the fathers of the church during the first three centuries, as well as from the ancient Jewish writers.

139. A New Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon, from the original Hebrew, with explanatory Notes. By William FRENCH, D.D. and George SKINNER, M.A. Cambridge and London, 1831, 8vo.

This translation is executed on the same principles as the version of the Psalms noticed in No. 116. p. 120. supra.

140. A Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon. By R. J. CASE. London, 1822, 12mo.

ECCLESIASTES.

141. Martini GEIERI Commentarius in Salomonis Ecclesiasten. Lipsiæ, 1711, best edition, 8vo.

142. A Philosophical and Critical Essay on Ecclesiastes, wherein the author's design is stated; his doctrine vindicated; his method explained in an analytical Paraphrase annexed to a new version of the Text from the Hebrew; and the differences between that new translation and the received version accounted for, in philological Observations. By A. V. DESVEUX. London, 1762, 4to.

143. Ecclesiastes translated, with a Paraphrase and Notes. By Stephen GREENAWAY, A.B. Leicester, 1781, 8vo.

This singularly executed volume consists of three parts, the two former of which (originally sold for one penny and three-pence) are rarely to be met with. Besides Ecclesiastes, it contains translations of 2 Samuel xxiii. ver. 1. to 7. Isaiah vii. 20, 21, 22. and ix. 1 to 5.; also Psal. xxvii. in prose and verse. (Dr. Cotton's List of Editions of the Bible, p. 46.)

144. Ecclesiastes: a New Translation from the original Hebrew, by Bernard HODGSON, LL.D., Principal of Hertford College, Oxford. London, 1791, 4to.

The same remarks which have been offered on this author's ver

sion of the Book of Proverbs, are nearly applicable to his translation of Ecclesiastes. See Monthly Review, N. S. vol. ix. p. 59.

146. An Exposition of the Book of Ecclesiastes. By Edward REYNOLDS, D.D. Bishop of Norwich. Revised and corrected by the Rev. Daniel Washbourne. London, 1811, 8vo.

This work originally formed part of the collection of notes on the Bible, usually called the Assembly's Annotations, noticed in p. 109. supra. The editor of this impression states that the whole of the commentary has been carefully transcribed; and that the author's ideas are strictly and fully retained; he has however "deemed it necessary to alter the construction of most of the sentences, frequently to exchange obsolete words for those now in use, and in a few instances to omit redundant paragraphs." Bishop Reynolds's work concludes with important practical reflections.

147. An attempt to illustrate the Book of Ecclesiastes. By the Rev. George HOLDEN, M.A. London, 1822, 8vo.

Of the various publications which have been issued from the press relative to this, in many respects, difficult book, this "Attempt" (as its author modestly terms it) is the best that has fallen under the notice of the writer of the present work. It is a kind of Paraphrase (similar to that in Dr. Doddridge's Family Expositor); in which the expressions of the Hebrew author are interwoven with a commentary. Mr. Holden has taken the authorized version as his basis, from which he has departed only where a departure appeared to him absolutely necessary, and supported upon the soundest principles of criticism. The reasons of these deviations are stated in distinct notes. The work is further accompanied by useful notes, establishing the scope and design of the Book of Ecclesiastes, and imbodying such observations as seem proper to enforce and elucidate the whole. We are indebted to Mr. Holden's labours for the excellent view of the Scope and Synopsis of the Book of Ecclesiastes, given in the second volume of this work.

SONG OF SOLOMON,

148. Caroli Maria DE VEIL Explicatio Litteralis Cantici Canticorum, ex ipsis Scripturarum fontibus, Ebræorum ritibus et idiomatis, veterum et recentiorum monimentis eruta. London, 1679, 8vo.

A rare and valuable work: the author confines himself to the explication of the literal sense.

149. Joannis MARCKII in Canticum Schelomonis Commenta

rius, sive Analysis Exegetica. Amsterdam, 1703, 4to.

150. Cantici Salomonis Paraphrasis Gemina, Notis Criticis et Philologicis illustrata. Auctore Joanne KER. Edinburgh, 1727, 12mo.

This illustration of Solomon's Song is not of common occurrence. Mr. Orme says that it is a very beautiful little work. It is dedicated, in a poetical epistle, to the marquis of Bowmont, son of the duke of Roxburgh, the head of the family of Ker. There is then a long preface, giving some account of the opinions entertained of the Song, of the attempts which had been made to translate and explain it, and of the origin of Mr. Ker's translation. Then follow the two versions: the first, a kind of irregular verse; the second, in sapphic numbers. The notes, which are partly philological and partly explanatory, are inserted at the foot of the page of both versions. The poem is dramatically divided and arranged." (Orme's Biblioth. Biblica, pp. 271, 272.)

151. An Exposition of the Book of Solomon's Song, commonly called Canticles; wherein the divine authority of it is established; several versions compared with the original Text; the different senses both of Jewish and Christian interpreters considered; and the whole opened and explained. By John GILL, D.D. 1728, 1751, folio, 4to.; and again in 1767. In 2 vols. 8vo. 1805.

This work is frequently mistaken for an extract from Dr. Gill's commentary on the Bible, noticed in p. 111. supra, whereas it pre

ceded the latter by more than twenty years. It is highly allegori- | with Remarks critical and expository. By William DAVIDSON. cal in its interpretation. London, 1817, 8vo.

152. A Dissertation concerning the Song of Solomon; with the original Text divided according to the metre, and a Poetical Version. [By Mr. GIFFORD.] London, 1751, 8vo.

153. The Song of Solomon, newly translated from the original Hebrew; with a Commentary and Annotations. [By Thomas PERCY, D.D., Bishop of Dromore.] London, 1764, 12mo. The elegance of this version, and of its accompanying criticisms, has caused it to be held in the highest esteem; and all subsequent commentators have diligently availed themselves of it. It is now exceedingly scarce, and extravagantly dear.

154. Outlines of a new Commentary on Solomon's Song, drawn by the Help of Instructions from the East: containing, 1. Remarks on its general nature; 2. Observations on detached places of it; 3. Queries concerning the rest of the Poem. By the author of Observations on divers Passages of Scripture. London, 1768; second edition, 1775, 8vo.

For this valuable work, Bible students are indebted to the Rev. Thomas HARMER, whose Observations on divers Passages of Scripture are noticed in a subsequent page of this appendix: in it very many difficult passages of Solomon's Song are happily elucidated, and hints are offered, of which subsequent commentators have not failed to avail themselves. It bears a high price.

155. A Poetical Translation of the Song of Solomon from the Original Hebrew; with a Preliminary Discourse, and Notes, historical, critical, and explanatory. By Anne FRANCIS, London, 1781, 4to.

The translatress has chiefly followed the plan and illustrations of Mr. Harmer. Her version is elegantly executed.

The author of this work considers the Canticles as an inspired song wholly referring to the spiritual Solomon, or Christ and his true spiritual church, and particularly to their espousals; and as giving a general prophetic outline of her history, from the preaching of John the Baptist, the baptism of our Lord, to the conversion of the Jews, and that of the wild Arabians, and their union with the Christian church. And while her particular, often invisible, progressive state here on earth is mentioned, and her duties are pointed out, her outward state, trials, and persecutions do not pass unnoticed. Mr. Davidson has consulted the previous labours of most of the commentators on this poem; and at the end of his volume he has divided it into hemistichs according to Dr. Kennicott's mode of printing the poetical parts of the Old Testament. 159. Canticum Canticorum. Præfatione, Versione Latina, et Commentario exegetico-critico, instruxit M. F. UHLEMANN. Lipsiæ, 1821, 8vo.

ON THE PROPHETS, GENERALLY.

160. Henrici Arentii HAMAKER Commentatio in Libellum de Vita et Morte Prophetarum, qui Græce circumfertur: sive Disputatio Historico-Chorographica de Locis, ubi Prophetæ Hebræ orum nati et sepulti esse dicuntur. Amstelodami, 1833, 4to.

161. A Summary View and Explanation of the Writings of the Prophets. By John SMITH, D.D. Edinburgh and London, 1787, 12mo.

This work is a judicious abstract of all that is valuable in the writings of Bishop Lowth, Archbishop Newcome, Bishop Newton, and Drs. Kennicott and Blayney: it was originally compiled to accompany a Gaelic version of the Prophets, and was subsequently translated into English by the author himself. The writer of this

156. Solomon's Song, translated from the Hebrew. By the account was informed many years since by one of the original LonRev. Bernard HODGSON, LL.D. Oxford, 1785, 4to.

In this work the literal meaning only of Solomon's Song is illustrated, there being not the slightest allusion to its mystical meaning. An account of it, with extracts, may be seen in the Monthly Review (O. S.), vol. lxxvi. pp. 26--29.

154*. The Song of Songs, which is Solomon's. A new Translation, with a Commentary and Notes. By Thomas WILLIAMS. London, 1801, 8vo.

This version is as literal as our language will admit, and is rendered in conformity with the authorized translation whenever it was practicable. The notes are for the most part judiciously selected from the labours of all preceding commentators, and give a sober but practical and evangelical exposition of the allegory. Two dissertations are prefixed: 1. On the origin of language, particularly figurative and allegorical language, and on Hebrew poetry and music and, 2. On the nature, design, and authority of Solomon's Song. In pp. 100-109. is given an interesting account of nearly 40 expositors and commentators on this book. See a further account of this work in the Monthly Review (N. S.), vol. xlvii. pp. 302-310.

155*, Song of Songs, or Sacred Idyls. Translated from the original Hebrew, with Notes critical and explanatory. By John Mason GooD. London, 1803, 8vo.

"The present work offers two versions of the original; the one in prose, marked with the divisions of the Bible version; the other in couplet verses, of no inferior construction Each idyl is illustrated with notes, in which very various learning is displayed, with much taste in the selection of beautiful parallelisms from a great variety of authors. So much elegant learning and successful illustration we have seldom seen within so small a compass as the present volume." (British Critic, O. S. vol. xxvi. pp. 454, 455.) See also Monthly Review, N. S. vol. xlvii. pp. 302–312.

156*. Canticles, or Song of Solomon: a new Translation, with Notes, and an attempt to interpret the Sacred Allegories contained in that book. To which is added an Essay on the name and character of the Redeemer. By the Rev. John FRY, A.B. London, 1811, 8vo. 2d edit. 1825, 8vo.

In this publication the author's plan is, first to give an accurate translation of the Song of Solomon, and to show the nature and design of the book. He has availed himself of the labours of previous translators, especially Bishop Percy and Dr. J. M. Good; after the latter of whom he considers the Song of Solomon as a collection of idyls or little poems, which are designed for instruction and edification in the mysteries of our holy religion. Though the translator has taken much pains in consulting other writers, his work bears ample testimony that he has not servilely followed them, but has evidently thought for himself.

157. Canticum Canticorum illustratum ex Hierographia Orientalium, à J. H. KISTEMAKER. Münster, 1818, 8vo.

158. A Brief Outline of an Examination of the Song of Solomon; in which many beautiful Prophecies contained in that inspired Book of Holy Scripture are considered and explained,

don publishers (Mr. Kay, of the firm of Elliott and Kay, in the held this little work in great estimation, and was in the habit of Strand), that Dr. Moore, at that time Archbishop of Canterbury, purchasing copies for gratuitous distribution among students and others who could not afford to buy many books.

162. Les Prophètes, nouvellement traduits sur l'Hébreu, avec des Explications et Notes Critiques. [Par le Président AGIER.] viz.

Isaïe. Paris, 1820, 2 tomes, 8vo.

Jérémie, avec une Appendice. Paris, 1821, 2 parties, 8vo.
The appendix to this Version of the Predictions of Jeremiah
contains the Lamentations, and the Apocryphal book of
Baruch.

Ezéchiel. Paris, 1821, 2 tomes, 8vo.

Daniel. Paris, 1822, 2 tomes, 8vo.

Petits Prophètes. Paris, 1822, 2 tomes, 8vo.

163. A Commentary on the Prophecies and the New Testament; with an Epitome of Ancient History, Sacred and Profane, by way of Prelude. Printed with the Text. By John Webb COLE. London, 1826, 2 vols. 8vo.

164. A New Translation of the Hebrew Prophets, arranged in Chronological Order. By George R. NOYES. Vol. I. containing Joel, Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, and Micah. Boston [Massachusetts], 1833, 8vo.

Mr. Noyes has here followed the same judicious plan which he adopted in his new Translation of the Psalms (see No. 117. p. 120. of this Appendix). He has diligently availed himself of all the best critical aids. The volume is terminated by thirty-six pages of concise but useful explanatory notes. Mr. N. expects to complete his undertaking in two more volumes.

ISAIAH.

165. A Commentary on the Prophet Isaiah, wherein the Literal Sense of his Prophecies is briefly explained. By Samuel WHITE. London, 1709, 4to.

166. Campegii VITRINGE Commentarius in Librum Prophetiarum Jesaia. Leotardiæ, 1714, and 1720, 2 vols. folio.

In this most elaborate Commentary on the "Evangelical Prophet,” to which all subsequent expositors have been deeply indebted, the literal sense is carefully investigated; the different interpretations of the prophetic visions are examined; and the interpretation which Vitringa has deduced from them is confirmed and illustrated by historical documents. Copious prolegomena are prefixed, treating of the prophet's personal history, the argument of his prophecy, his style, time of writing, and canonical authority. The value of the work is further augmented by the geographical and historical notices interspersed throughout, concerning the Babylonians, Philistines, Moabites, Syrians of Damascus, Egyptians, Tyrians, and other Gentile nations; by which not only Isaiah, but also very many other passages of Scripture, are admirably elucidated.

167. Isaiah: a New Translation with a preliminary Dissertation, and Notes critical, philological, and explanatory. By

Robert LowтH, D.D., Bishop of London, 4to. London, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo.

Of this sublime and admirably executed version, a German translation was published by M. Koppe, at Gottingen, 1779-1781, in 4 vols. 8vo. The preliminary dissertation is invaluable for the light it throws on the genius and structure of prophetic poesy. The merits of this work are ably appreciated in the British Critic, O. S. vol. xxix. pp. 144-146., and the integrity of the Hebrew text was asserted against some of the bishop's corrections in a tract that is now of rare occurrence, by Koecher in his Vindicia Sacri Textus Hebrai Esaia adversus Lowthii Criticam, 8vo. Bern, 1786, reprinted at Tubingen in 1790. The rarity of Koecher's book, however, is no great loss to the student; for the late eminent learned orientalist, the professor Henry Albert Schultens (of Leyden), speaking of his book, says: "It violates the bounds of moderation and decency by the assertion that the text of Isaiah would not gain any thing by Dr. Lowth's conjectures. I am of a very different opinion. When in Oxford and London, I was intimately acquainted with Bishop Lowth, and had an opportunity of knowing his excellent disposition; and am therefore much vexed that Koecherus, from his fiery zeal against innovations, should have been induced to treat him with severity, as if the bishop had been a rash and petulant critic." (Letter of Professor Schultens to the late Dr. Finlay of Glasgow, cited in the Monthly Review, N. S. vol. xv. p. 504.) Bishop Lowth's version was attacked by the late Mr. Dodson, in his supplementary notes to his New Translation of Isaiah" (8vo. London, 1790), with considerable asperity. The bishop was ably vindicated by the Rev. Dr. Sturges, in "Short Remarks on a New Translation of Isaiah" (8vo. London, 1790): to these Mr. Dodson replied in 1791, in a "Letter to the Rev. Dr. Sturges," in which he justifies the freedom with which he had censured Bishop Lowth's mistakes and defects. Mr. D.'s version and notes were framed in support of modern Socinian tenets, and were published by the (Socinian) Society for promoting the Knowledge of the Scriptures." Some further Remarks on the Principles adopted by Bishop Lowth in

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correcting the Text of the Hebrew Bible" were published by the

Rev. J. ROGERS, M.A. at Oxford, in 1832, 12mo.

171. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah, translated from the Hebrew, with Critical and Practical Remarks: to which is prefixed a Preliminary Dissertation on the Nature and Use of Prophecy. By the Rev. Alfred JENOUR. London, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. more generally interesting than they ordinarily prove to the EngThe object of Mr. Jenour is to render the predictions of Isaiah lish reader. With this view he has endeavoured to combine the advantages of a critical and devotional commentary together with into sections, to each of which is prefixed a summary of its cona new version and a metrical arrangement. His work is divided tents; then follow the version and explanatory notes, the practical remarks and the critical notes. Occasionally the sections are divided into interlocutory parts. "What constitutes the most valuable part of the work, are the explanatory and practical remarks with which each section is accompanied..... While the author throws light on numerous passages of this ancient book, which relate to people and places that have long since vanished from the theatre of human affairs, he brings forward much important matter, calculated to rouse the conscience, and to purify, console, and strengthen the heart." (Congregational Magazine, June, 1831, vol. xiv. p. 355.) We cordially recommend the work to all of our read ers who may wish to possess the inspired productions of the greatest of the ancient prophets, excellently translated, and accompanied with a judicious and instructive commentary." (Eclectic Review, November, 1831, p. 421.)

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172. Prophéties d'Isaïe, traduites en Français, avec des Notes. [Par M. PRUNELLE DE LIERE.] Paris, 1823, 8vo.

173. Caroli Ludovici HOHEISELII Observationes PhilologicoExegetica: quibus nonnulla durventa Esaiæ loca, ex indole linguæ sanctæ, ex accentuatione Ebræorum, et antiquitatibus, illustrantur et exponuntur, aliorumque versiones et interpretationes modeste examinantur. Gedani, 1729, 8vo.

By S. HARRIS, D.D. London, 1739, 4to.
174. A Commentary on the Fifty-third Chapter of Isaiah,

175. Animadversiones Philologico-Critice in Loca difficiliora

168. Esaias ex Recensione Textus Hebræi, ad fidem quorun-Jesaia; dam Codd. MSS. et Verss. Latine, vertit, Notasque varii argumenti subjecit, J. C. DOEDERLEIN. Norimberga, 1789, 3d edition, 8vo.

The first edition was published at Altdorf, in 8vo. 1780; the critical Notes are excellent.

quibus præstantissimorum Interpretum Sententias exponit, suam novamque proponit Josephus Fridericus SCHELLING. Lipsia [1797], 8vo.

176. Critical Disquisitions on the Eighteenth Chapter of Isaiah, in a Letter to Edward King, Esq., F.R.S. A.S. By Sa169. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah, in Hebrew and Eng-muel [HORSLEY], Lord Bishop of Rochester, F.R.S. A.S. Lonlish. The Hebrew Text metrically arranged; the Translation don, 1801, 4to. altered from that of Bishop Lowth. By the Right Rev. Joseph STOCK, D.D., Bishop of Killala. 1804, 4to.

"The right reverend translator had conceived a wish to see the original language of Isaiah reduced to a metrical arrangement, and to have this accompanied with the version of Bishop Lowth, reserving to himself the liberty of adding such corrections as later critics, or his own investigations, might supply. These corrections multiplied to such a degree as to assume almost the form of a new version. There is also a variety of notes, critical and explanatory, supplied partly by the translator, and partly by others. Many of these are very valuable for their uncommon depth and acuteness, and tend to elucidate, in a high degree, the subject matter of these prophecies." (British Critic, vol. xxviii. O. S. p. 466.) "Bishop Stock's version is by no means to be considered as an attempt to rival or to supersede that of Dr. Lowth. Both versions exhibit a close, nervous, and manly style. That of Dr. Lowth may by every class of readers be perused with profit. Superadded to this, Dr. Stock invites the Hebrew scholar to investigate and to compare, by the Hebrew and the English meeting the eye in the same page; and may tempt even the careless to know something of that language in which the oracles of God were originally conveyed." (British Critic, O. S. vol. xxix. p. 146. See also the Monthly Review, N. S. vol. xlix. p. 253-265.)

170. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah. Translated from the Hebrew Text of Vander Hooght. By the Rev. John JONES, M.A. Oxford and London, 1830, 12mo.

177. N. G. SCHROEDERI Commentarius Philologico-Criticus de Vestitu Mulierum Hebræarum, ad Jesai. III. v. 16-24., quo vocabulorum abstrusiorum tenebras, ad facem dialectorum, discutere conatus est. Lug. Bat. 1 745, 4to.

178. Everhardi SCHEIDII Dissertatio Philologico-Exegetica ad Canticum Hiskiæ, Jes. xxxvii. 9-20. Lug. Bat. 1769, 8vo.

JEREMIAH, AND LAMENTATIONS.

179. A Translation of the Lamentations of Jeremiah, accompanied by short notes, is given in the second tome or part of the works of Mr. Hugh BROUGHTON, pp. 317–323, folio.

180. Hermanni VENEMA Commentarius ad Librum Prophetiarum Jeremiæ. Quo Conciones rite distinguuntur; Scopus, Nexus, et Series Sermonis accurate investigatur; perpetua Paraphrasi exponitur; et selectis Observatis Voces ac Phrases illustrantur, ac Implementi demonstratione, ubi opus fuerit, confirmantur. Leovardiæ, 1765, 2 parts, 4to.

181. Jeremiah, and Lamentations: a new translation, with Notes, critical, philological, and explanatory. By Benjamin BLAYNEY, D.D. Oxford, 1784, 4to. Edinburgh, 1810, 8vo. Sion of Isaiah; "and, though not with equal success, yet with much This work is executed on the same plan as Bishop Lowth's vercredit to the author, both as a translator and a critic. His subject This version is made from the Hebrew text of Vander Hooght's is not of equal eminence with that which was undertaken by the edition of the Bible, which may now be regarded as the received bishop. It has less variety in the matter, and contains a less fund Hebrew text. In the elucidation of obscurities, the translator has for curious inquiry and critical illustration. The translation is diligently compared the versions and illustrations of Schmidt, De very exact, and preserves the tone and majesty of sacred writing. Dieu, Vitringa, Bishops Lowth and Stock, Dathe, Rosenmüller, The notes are very copious. Many of them are very useful, and Gesenius, and others; and he states that he is indebted to the late some discover much critical knowledge in the Hebrew language distinguished orientalist, the Rev. Dr. Nicoll, for his kind and able and a good acquaintance with ancient history. The various read assistance. No notes or criticisms accompany this translation. "Onings are noticed with the most scrupulous exactness: conjectural the whole, we consider it to be a valuable specimen of translation. emendation is sometimes hazarded, but not rashly or injudiciously." The language of our authorized version is retained, where no (Monthly Review, O. S. vol. lxxi. pp. 162, 163.) Besides a valuable change was absolutely required; the style is spirited and fluent preliminary discourse, there is an appendix, comprising a selection throughout, and numerous passages, which have either been mis- from Archbishop Secker's manuscript notes (now deposited in the conceived, or badly expressed, by former translations, are here pre- archiepiscopal library at Lambeth), relative to the prophecy and sented to the view in harmony with the circumstances of the con- lamentations of Jeremiah. nection in which they occur, and adapted to easy and general comprehension. Comparing the two versions together" [the present and that of Mr. Jenour] "we consider that of Mr. Jones to be decidedly the better on the whole; but are nevertheless of opinion that Mr. Jenour generally gives the meaning of the original with fidelity and success." (Congregational Magazine, vol. xiv. p. 357.)

182. J. D. MICHAELIS Observationes Philologica et Critica in Jeremiæ Vaticinia et Threnos. Edidit, multisque animadversionibus auxit, Joh. Frid. SCHLEUSNER. Gottingen, 1793. 4to.

These observations were collected from the loose papers of that late eminent scholar, J. D. Michaelis, by Professor Schleusner,

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